From patchwork Mon Sep 26 13:16:42 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Nathan Lynch X-Patchwork-Id: 1682621 Return-Path: X-Original-To: incoming@patchwork.ozlabs.org Delivered-To: patchwork-incoming@legolas.ozlabs.org Authentication-Results: legolas.ozlabs.org; spf=pass (sender SPF authorized) smtp.mailfrom=lists.ozlabs.org (client-ip=2404:9400:2:0:216:3eff:fee1:b9f1; helo=lists.ozlabs.org; envelope-from=linuxppc-dev-bounces+incoming=patchwork.ozlabs.org@lists.ozlabs.org; receiver=) Authentication-Results: legolas.ozlabs.org; dkim=fail reason="signature verification failed" (2048-bit key; unprotected) header.d=ibm.com header.i=@ibm.com header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=pp1 header.b=DYqkRpIa; dkim-atps=neutral Received: from lists.ozlabs.org (lists.ozlabs.org [IPv6:2404:9400:2:0:216:3eff:fee1:b9f1]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature ECDSA (P-384)) (No client certificate requested) by legolas.ozlabs.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4MbjwF5hTlz1ypH for ; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 23:17:17 +1000 (AEST) Received: from boromir.ozlabs.org (localhost [IPv6:::1]) by lists.ozlabs.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4MbjwF1CLgz3bnM for ; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 23:17:17 +1000 (AEST) Authentication-Results: lists.ozlabs.org; dkim=fail reason="signature verification failed" (2048-bit key; unprotected) header.d=ibm.com header.i=@ibm.com header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=pp1 header.b=DYqkRpIa; dkim-atps=neutral X-Original-To: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Delivered-To: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Authentication-Results: lists.ozlabs.org; spf=pass (sender SPF authorized) smtp.mailfrom=linux.ibm.com (client-ip=148.163.156.1; helo=mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com; envelope-from=nathanl@linux.ibm.com; receiver=) Authentication-Results: lists.ozlabs.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key; unprotected) header.d=ibm.com header.i=@ibm.com header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=pp1 header.b=DYqkRpIa; dkim-atps=neutral Received: from mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com (mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com [148.163.156.1]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by lists.ozlabs.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Mbjvx20rKz2xKV for ; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 23:17:00 +1000 (AEST) Received: from pps.filterd (m0098404.ppops.net [127.0.0.1]) by mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com (8.17.1.5/8.17.1.5) with ESMTP id 28QChtYP013017; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:16:46 GMT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=ibm.com; h=from : to : cc : subject : date : message-id : in-reply-to : references : mime-version : content-transfer-encoding; s=pp1; bh=8W0sUEzVknNUWdeLhEf1U8UuT8CwIMgLbQ5U0+91X+U=; b=DYqkRpIa4SBcdhWlOGZ3Ee8yrtrVSHCpcvjp0EFC+Ln4oIMeaMhcY5ekZ4+4o9vEIPBE 694DqT+kMMUuhoakcyY2mTxVCL+verWmpkk2EmJ9mWXt07/jVYi2zvtqqMcWBlCU0sKI ww232Jw37RGCLu23+NOkkqCIhBJpkVos4CsDoHP+S0rvBpG3KoH9vsL6S3ZKc+Yq7atZ 1tt+FvkvpoesJweVYgEdhcgL6RWWUW8HrtZyZePnEdvhimGid9uzpHdbqZl56CbeVJAZ m8G+eddOCOeicpyEDvhYDu3mY8AbFq0j+t0uxVm7mNrlDn02HZ2rlaJ5sJ6wx3+YiGcg Cg== Received: from ppma03wdc.us.ibm.com (ba.79.3fa9.ip4.static.sl-reverse.com [169.63.121.186]) by mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com (PPS) with ESMTPS id 3jucbj8ysm-1 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=NOT); Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:16:46 +0000 Received: from pps.filterd (ppma03wdc.us.ibm.com [127.0.0.1]) by ppma03wdc.us.ibm.com (8.16.1.2/8.16.1.2) with SMTP id 28QD6tS4020955; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:16:45 GMT Received: from b03cxnp08027.gho.boulder.ibm.com (b03cxnp08027.gho.boulder.ibm.com [9.17.130.19]) by ppma03wdc.us.ibm.com with ESMTP id 3jssh961kp-1 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=NOT); Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:16:45 +0000 Received: from smtpav03.dal12v.mail.ibm.com ([9.208.128.129]) by b03cxnp08027.gho.boulder.ibm.com (8.14.9/8.14.9/NCO v10.0) with ESMTP id 28QDGgoe15859986 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=OK); Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:16:42 GMT Received: from smtpav03.dal12v.mail.ibm.com (unknown [127.0.0.1]) by IMSVA (Postfix) with ESMTP id AFC5C58056; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:16:43 +0000 (GMT) Received: from smtpav03.dal12v.mail.ibm.com (unknown [127.0.0.1]) by IMSVA (Postfix) with ESMTP id 953945803F; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:16:43 +0000 (GMT) Received: from localhost (unknown [9.163.91.170]) by smtpav03.dal12v.mail.ibm.com (Postfix) with ESMTP; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:16:43 +0000 (GMT) From: Nathan Lynch To: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org, linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH v2 1/2] powerpc/pseries: block untrusted device tree changes when locked down Date: Mon, 26 Sep 2022 08:16:42 -0500 Message-Id: <20220926131643.146502-2-nathanl@linux.ibm.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.3 In-Reply-To: <20220926131643.146502-1-nathanl@linux.ibm.com> References: <20220926131643.146502-1-nathanl@linux.ibm.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-TM-AS-GCONF: 00 X-Proofpoint-ORIG-GUID: Ntwi7r51iwpoB6HW4ORGfcDKOKcnlsvc X-Proofpoint-GUID: Ntwi7r51iwpoB6HW4ORGfcDKOKcnlsvc X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=baseguard engine=ICAP:2.0.205,Aquarius:18.0.895,Hydra:6.0.528,FMLib:17.11.122.1 definitions=2022-09-26_08,2022-09-22_02,2022-06-22_01 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details: rule=outbound_notspam policy=outbound score=0 mlxscore=0 priorityscore=1501 mlxlogscore=999 bulkscore=0 clxscore=1015 lowpriorityscore=0 phishscore=0 adultscore=0 suspectscore=0 spamscore=0 impostorscore=0 malwarescore=0 classifier=spam adjust=0 reason=mlx scancount=1 engine=8.12.0-2209130000 definitions=main-2209260083 X-BeenThere: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: Linux on PowerPC Developers Mail List List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Cc: ajd@linux.ibm.com, nayna@linux.ibm.com, jmorris@namei.org, paul@paul-moore.com, gcwilson@linux.ibm.com, serge@hallyn.com Errors-To: linuxppc-dev-bounces+incoming=patchwork.ozlabs.org@lists.ozlabs.org Sender: "Linuxppc-dev" The /proc/powerpc/ofdt interface allows the root user to freely alter the in-kernel device tree, enabling arbitrary physical address writes via drivers that could bind to malicious device nodes, thus making it possible to disable lockdown. Historically this interface has been used on the pseries platform to facilitate the runtime addition and removal of processor, memory, and device resources (aka Dynamic Logical Partitioning or DLPAR). Years ago, the processor and memory use cases were migrated to designs that happen to be lockdown-friendly: device tree updates are communicated directly to the kernel from firmware without passing through untrusted user space. I/O device DLPAR via the "drmgr" command in powerpc-utils remains the sole legitimate user of /proc/powerpc/ofdt, but it is already broken in lockdown since it uses /dev/mem to allocate argument buffers for the rtas syscall. So only illegitimate uses of the interface should see a behavior change when running on a locked down kernel. Signed-off-by: Nathan Lynch Acked-by: Paul Moore (LSM) Reviewed-by: Andrew Donnellan --- arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/reconfig.c | 5 +++++ include/linux/security.h | 1 + security/security.c | 1 + 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+) diff --git a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/reconfig.c b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/reconfig.c index cad7a0c93117..599bd2c78514 100644 --- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/reconfig.c +++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/reconfig.c @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include #include @@ -361,6 +362,10 @@ static ssize_t ofdt_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t coun char *kbuf; char *tmp; + rv = security_locked_down(LOCKDOWN_DEVICE_TREE); + if (rv) + return rv; + kbuf = memdup_user_nul(buf, count); if (IS_ERR(kbuf)) return PTR_ERR(kbuf); diff --git a/include/linux/security.h b/include/linux/security.h index 7bd0c490703d..39e7c0e403d9 100644 --- a/include/linux/security.h +++ b/include/linux/security.h @@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ enum lockdown_reason { LOCKDOWN_IOPORT, LOCKDOWN_MSR, LOCKDOWN_ACPI_TABLES, + LOCKDOWN_DEVICE_TREE, LOCKDOWN_PCMCIA_CIS, LOCKDOWN_TIOCSSERIAL, LOCKDOWN_MODULE_PARAMETERS, diff --git a/security/security.c b/security/security.c index 4b95de24bc8d..51bf66d4f472 100644 --- a/security/security.c +++ b/security/security.c @@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ const char *const lockdown_reasons[LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX+1] = { [LOCKDOWN_IOPORT] = "raw io port access", [LOCKDOWN_MSR] = "raw MSR access", [LOCKDOWN_ACPI_TABLES] = "modifying ACPI tables", + [LOCKDOWN_DEVICE_TREE] = "modifying device tree contents", [LOCKDOWN_PCMCIA_CIS] = "direct PCMCIA CIS storage", [LOCKDOWN_TIOCSSERIAL] = "reconfiguration of serial port IO", [LOCKDOWN_MODULE_PARAMETERS] = "unsafe module parameters", From patchwork Mon Sep 26 13:16:43 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Nathan Lynch X-Patchwork-Id: 1682623 Return-Path: X-Original-To: incoming@patchwork.ozlabs.org Delivered-To: patchwork-incoming@legolas.ozlabs.org Authentication-Results: legolas.ozlabs.org; spf=pass (sender SPF authorized) smtp.mailfrom=lists.ozlabs.org (client-ip=112.213.38.117; helo=lists.ozlabs.org; envelope-from=linuxppc-dev-bounces+incoming=patchwork.ozlabs.org@lists.ozlabs.org; receiver=) Authentication-Results: legolas.ozlabs.org; dkim=fail reason="signature verification failed" (2048-bit key; unprotected) header.d=ibm.com header.i=@ibm.com header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=pp1 header.b=BLhFFsFb; dkim-atps=neutral Received: from lists.ozlabs.org (lists.ozlabs.org [112.213.38.117]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature ECDSA (P-384)) (No client certificate requested) by legolas.ozlabs.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Mbjyc0zZbz1ypH for ; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 23:19:20 +1000 (AEST) Received: from boromir.ozlabs.org (localhost [IPv6:::1]) by lists.ozlabs.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4Mbjyc0QZYz3dqx for ; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 23:19:20 +1000 (AEST) Authentication-Results: lists.ozlabs.org; dkim=fail reason="signature verification failed" (2048-bit key; unprotected) header.d=ibm.com header.i=@ibm.com header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=pp1 header.b=BLhFFsFb; dkim-atps=neutral X-Original-To: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Delivered-To: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Authentication-Results: lists.ozlabs.org; spf=pass (sender SPF authorized) smtp.mailfrom=linux.ibm.com (client-ip=148.163.156.1; helo=mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com; envelope-from=nathanl@linux.ibm.com; receiver=) Authentication-Results: lists.ozlabs.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key; unprotected) header.d=ibm.com header.i=@ibm.com header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=pp1 header.b=BLhFFsFb; dkim-atps=neutral Received: from mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com (mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com [148.163.156.1]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by lists.ozlabs.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4Mbjxq007Hz3cgV for ; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 23:18:38 +1000 (AEST) Received: from pps.filterd (m0098399.ppops.net [127.0.0.1]) by mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com (8.17.1.5/8.17.1.5) with ESMTP id 28QBwoWP008333; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:18:33 GMT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=ibm.com; h=from : to : cc : subject : date : message-id : in-reply-to : references : mime-version : content-transfer-encoding; s=pp1; bh=b0L/rHr7wJxSwUmlBbd8KH1Nfw5hzSaLYU+kSP9guUY=; b=BLhFFsFbY+qWjhl+SmGEQ01JNP1RI/hM38Z+n03zi5R5EGk3C0hhVP+QUFVFbw3DJzHM f02Ic78D0q8LzjdeUe5dXRdq6rHX8r/bY8cxLCYGXRyzVkTwWqFAXa79KcJBA6Z4Zm4k UNYoR305y9eRrVyAaQdClhk5rfQhCrQJzkzlNrBPcle1bQxKhz1HngxDPG9SfWzrgr81 EPz6d1r7hFiygd3siciaUUbjb0GxrR3kujT/77rV506QXIHP1BvE8/GZkjbLsaqF+3oM QMcCKQ+1TkyO6pdeOroq3K7KR3Qjp55WOKo8QOSsgcDSP5WpZtWpCX5Ial1vG0BZfP2C og== Received: from ppma05wdc.us.ibm.com (1b.90.2fa9.ip4.static.sl-reverse.com [169.47.144.27]) by mx0a-001b2d01.pphosted.com (PPS) with ESMTPS id 3jubpdtd4v-1 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=NOT); Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:18:32 +0000 Received: from pps.filterd (ppma05wdc.us.ibm.com [127.0.0.1]) by ppma05wdc.us.ibm.com (8.16.1.2/8.16.1.2) with SMTP id 28QD59ff028259; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:18:31 GMT Received: from b03cxnp08026.gho.boulder.ibm.com (b03cxnp08026.gho.boulder.ibm.com [9.17.130.18]) by ppma05wdc.us.ibm.com with ESMTP id 3jssh9e2kt-1 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=NOT); Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:18:31 +0000 Received: from smtpav05.dal12v.mail.ibm.com ([9.208.128.132]) by b03cxnp08026.gho.boulder.ibm.com (8.14.9/8.14.9/NCO v10.0) with ESMTP id 28QDIWmg13107818 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=OK); Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:18:32 GMT Received: from smtpav05.dal12v.mail.ibm.com (unknown [127.0.0.1]) by IMSVA (Postfix) with ESMTP id C4F9A5806A; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:18:29 +0000 (GMT) Received: from smtpav05.dal12v.mail.ibm.com (unknown [127.0.0.1]) by IMSVA (Postfix) with ESMTP id AB23C5806D; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:18:29 +0000 (GMT) Received: from localhost (unknown [9.163.91.170]) by smtpav05.dal12v.mail.ibm.com (Postfix) with ESMTP; Mon, 26 Sep 2022 13:18:29 +0000 (GMT) From: Nathan Lynch To: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org, linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH v2 2/2] powerpc/rtas: block error injection when locked down Date: Mon, 26 Sep 2022 08:16:43 -0500 Message-Id: <20220926131643.146502-3-nathanl@linux.ibm.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.37.3 In-Reply-To: <20220926131643.146502-1-nathanl@linux.ibm.com> References: <20220926131643.146502-1-nathanl@linux.ibm.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-TM-AS-GCONF: 00 X-Proofpoint-GUID: W2RKvYiQGhxbrXPIQi98wuZld6lgDNUL X-Proofpoint-ORIG-GUID: W2RKvYiQGhxbrXPIQi98wuZld6lgDNUL X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=baseguard engine=ICAP:2.0.205,Aquarius:18.0.895,Hydra:6.0.528,FMLib:17.11.122.1 definitions=2022-09-26_08,2022-09-22_02,2022-06-22_01 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details: rule=outbound_notspam policy=outbound score=0 lowpriorityscore=0 impostorscore=0 mlxscore=0 bulkscore=0 suspectscore=0 priorityscore=1501 clxscore=1015 adultscore=0 mlxlogscore=999 malwarescore=0 phishscore=0 spamscore=0 classifier=spam adjust=0 reason=mlx scancount=1 engine=8.12.0-2209130000 definitions=main-2209260083 X-BeenThere: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: Linux on PowerPC Developers Mail List List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Cc: ajd@linux.ibm.com, nayna@linux.ibm.com, jmorris@namei.org, paul@paul-moore.com, gcwilson@linux.ibm.com, serge@hallyn.com Errors-To: linuxppc-dev-bounces+incoming=patchwork.ozlabs.org@lists.ozlabs.org Sender: "Linuxppc-dev" The error injection facility on pseries VMs allows corruption of arbitrary guest memory, potentially enabling a sufficiently privileged user to disable lockdown or perform other modifications of the running kernel via the rtas syscall. Block the PAPR error injection facility from being opened or called when locked down. Signed-off-by: Nathan Lynch Acked-by: Paul Moore (LSM) Reviewed-by: Andrew Donnellan --- arch/powerpc/kernel/rtas.c | 25 ++++++++++++++++++++++++- include/linux/security.h | 1 + security/security.c | 1 + 3 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/rtas.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/rtas.c index 693133972294..c2540d393f1c 100644 --- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/rtas.c +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/rtas.c @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include #include #include #include @@ -464,6 +465,9 @@ void rtas_call_unlocked(struct rtas_args *args, int token, int nargs, int nret, va_end(list); } +static int ibm_open_errinjct_token; +static int ibm_errinjct_token; + int rtas_call(int token, int nargs, int nret, int *outputs, ...) { va_list list; @@ -476,6 +480,16 @@ int rtas_call(int token, int nargs, int nret, int *outputs, ...) if (!rtas.entry || token == RTAS_UNKNOWN_SERVICE) return -1; + if (token == ibm_open_errinjct_token || token == ibm_errinjct_token) { + /* + * It would be nicer to not discard the error value + * from security_locked_down(), but callers expect an + * RTAS status, not an errno. + */ + if (security_locked_down(LOCKDOWN_RTAS_ERROR_INJECTION)) + return -1; + } + if ((mfmsr() & (MSR_IR|MSR_DR)) != (MSR_IR|MSR_DR)) { WARN_ON_ONCE(1); return -1; @@ -1227,6 +1241,14 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE1(rtas, struct rtas_args __user *, uargs) if (block_rtas_call(token, nargs, &args)) return -EINVAL; + if (token == ibm_open_errinjct_token || token == ibm_errinjct_token) { + int err; + + err = security_locked_down(LOCKDOWN_RTAS_ERROR_INJECTION); + if (err) + return err; + } + /* Need to handle ibm,suspend_me call specially */ if (token == rtas_token("ibm,suspend-me")) { @@ -1325,7 +1347,8 @@ void __init rtas_initialize(void) #ifdef CONFIG_RTAS_ERROR_LOGGING rtas_last_error_token = rtas_token("rtas-last-error"); #endif - + ibm_open_errinjct_token = rtas_token("ibm,open-errinjct"); + ibm_errinjct_token = rtas_token("ibm,errinjct"); rtas_syscall_filter_init(); } diff --git a/include/linux/security.h b/include/linux/security.h index 39e7c0e403d9..70f89dc3a712 100644 --- a/include/linux/security.h +++ b/include/linux/security.h @@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ enum lockdown_reason { LOCKDOWN_XMON_WR, LOCKDOWN_BPF_WRITE_USER, LOCKDOWN_DBG_WRITE_KERNEL, + LOCKDOWN_RTAS_ERROR_INJECTION, LOCKDOWN_INTEGRITY_MAX, LOCKDOWN_KCORE, LOCKDOWN_KPROBES, diff --git a/security/security.c b/security/security.c index 51bf66d4f472..eabe3ce7e74e 100644 --- a/security/security.c +++ b/security/security.c @@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ const char *const lockdown_reasons[LOCKDOWN_CONFIDENTIALITY_MAX+1] = { [LOCKDOWN_XMON_WR] = "xmon write access", [LOCKDOWN_BPF_WRITE_USER] = "use of bpf to write user RAM", [LOCKDOWN_DBG_WRITE_KERNEL] = "use of kgdb/kdb to write kernel RAM", + [LOCKDOWN_RTAS_ERROR_INJECTION] = "RTAS error injection", [LOCKDOWN_INTEGRITY_MAX] = "integrity", [LOCKDOWN_KCORE] = "/proc/kcore access", [LOCKDOWN_KPROBES] = "use of kprobes",