diff --git a/blockdev.c b/blockdev.c
index ae322ed10e..ddba382abd 100644
--- a/blockdev.c
+++ b/blockdev.c
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
 #include "qemu/throttle-options.h"
 
+/* Protected by BQL lock */
 QTAILQ_HEAD(, BlockDriverState) monitor_bdrv_states =
     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(monitor_bdrv_states);
 
@@ -1207,6 +1208,8 @@ typedef struct BlkActionState BlkActionState;
  *
  * Only prepare() may fail. In a single transaction, only one of commit() or
  * abort() will be called. clean() will always be called if it is present.
+ *
+ * Always run under BQL.
  */
 typedef struct BlkActionOps {
     size_t instance_size;
@@ -2316,6 +2319,8 @@ static TransactionProperties *get_transaction_properties(
 /*
  * 'Atomic' group operations.  The operations are performed as a set, and if
  * any fail then we roll back all operations in the group.
+ *
+ * Always run under BQL.
  */
 void qmp_transaction(TransactionActionList *dev_list,
                      bool has_props,
diff --git a/include/block/block_int-common.h b/include/block/block_int-common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79a3d801d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/block/block_int-common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1164 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU System Emulator block driver
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef BLOCK_INT_COMMON_H
+#define BLOCK_INT_COMMON_H
+
+#include "block/accounting.h"
+#include "block/block.h"
+#include "block/aio-wait.h"
+#include "qemu/queue.h"
+#include "qemu/coroutine.h"
+#include "qemu/stats64.h"
+#include "qemu/timer.h"
+#include "qemu/hbitmap.h"
+#include "block/snapshot.h"
+#include "qemu/throttle.h"
+#include "qemu/rcu.h"
+
+#define BLOCK_FLAG_LAZY_REFCOUNTS   8
+
+#define BLOCK_OPT_SIZE              "size"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT           "encryption"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT    "encrypt.format"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6           "compat6"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_HWVERSION         "hwversion"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE      "backing_file"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT       "backing_fmt"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_CLUSTER_SIZE      "cluster_size"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_TABLE_SIZE        "table_size"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC          "preallocation"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT            "subformat"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT_LEVEL      "compat"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS    "lazy_refcounts"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_ADAPTER_TYPE      "adapter_type"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_REDUNDANCY        "redundancy"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_NOCOW             "nocow"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_EXTENT_SIZE_HINT  "extent_size_hint"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_OBJECT_SIZE       "object_size"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_REFCOUNT_BITS     "refcount_bits"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_DATA_FILE         "data_file"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_DATA_FILE_RAW     "data_file_raw"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_COMPRESSION_TYPE  "compression_type"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_EXTL2             "extended_l2"
+
+#define BLOCK_PROBE_BUF_SIZE        512
+
+enum BdrvTrackedRequestType {
+    BDRV_TRACKED_READ,
+    BDRV_TRACKED_WRITE,
+    BDRV_TRACKED_DISCARD,
+    BDRV_TRACKED_TRUNCATE,
+};
+
+/*
+ * That is not quite good that BdrvTrackedRequest structure is public,
+ * as block/io.c is very careful about incoming offset/bytes being
+ * correct. Be sure to assert bdrv_check_request() succeeded after any
+ * modification of BdrvTrackedRequest object out of block/io.c
+ */
+typedef struct BdrvTrackedRequest {
+    BlockDriverState *bs;
+    int64_t offset;
+    int64_t bytes;
+    enum BdrvTrackedRequestType type;
+
+    bool serialising;
+    int64_t overlap_offset;
+    int64_t overlap_bytes;
+
+    QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvTrackedRequest) list;
+    Coroutine *co; /* owner, used for deadlock detection */
+    CoQueue wait_queue; /* coroutines blocked on this request */
+
+    struct BdrvTrackedRequest *waiting_for;
+} BdrvTrackedRequest;
+
+
+struct BlockDriver {
+    const char *format_name;
+    int instance_size;
+
+    /*
+     * Set to true if the BlockDriver is a block filter. Block filters pass
+     * certain callbacks that refer to data (see block.c) to their bs->file
+     * or bs->backing (whichever one exists) if the driver doesn't implement
+     * them. Drivers that do not wish to forward must implement them and return
+     * -ENOTSUP.
+     * Note that filters are not allowed to modify data.
+     *
+     * Filters generally cannot have more than a single filtered child,
+     * because the data they present must at all times be the same as
+     * that on their filtered child.  That would be impossible to
+     * achieve for multiple filtered children.
+     * (And this filtered child must then be bs->file or bs->backing.)
+     */
+    bool is_filter;
+    /*
+     * Set to true if the BlockDriver is a format driver.  Format nodes
+     * generally do not expect their children to be other format nodes
+     * (except for backing files), and so format probing is disabled
+     * on those children.
+     */
+    bool is_format;
+    /*
+     * Return true if @to_replace can be replaced by a BDS with the
+     * same data as @bs without it affecting @bs's behavior (that is,
+     * without it being visible to @bs's parents).
+     */
+    bool (*bdrv_recurse_can_replace)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                     BlockDriverState *to_replace);
+
+    int (*bdrv_probe)(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename);
+    int (*bdrv_probe_device)(const char *filename);
+
+    /*
+     * Any driver implementing this callback is expected to be able to handle
+     * NULL file names in its .bdrv_open() implementation.
+     */
+    void (*bdrv_parse_filename)(const char *filename, QDict *options,
+                                Error **errp);
+    /*
+     * Drivers not implementing bdrv_parse_filename nor bdrv_open should have
+     * this field set to true, except ones that are defined only by their
+     * child's bs.
+     * An example of the last type will be the quorum block driver.
+     */
+    bool bdrv_needs_filename;
+
+    /*
+     * Set if a driver can support backing files. This also implies the
+     * following semantics:
+     *
+     *  - Return status 0 of .bdrv_co_block_status means that corresponding
+     *    blocks are not allocated in this layer of backing-chain
+     *  - For such (unallocated) blocks, read will:
+     *    - fill buffer with zeros if there is no backing file
+     *    - read from the backing file otherwise, where the block layer
+     *      takes care of reading zeros beyond EOF if backing file is short
+     */
+    bool supports_backing;
+
+    /* For handling image reopen for split or non-split files */
+    int (*bdrv_reopen_prepare)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state,
+                               BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp);
+    void (*bdrv_reopen_commit)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state);
+    void (*bdrv_reopen_commit_post)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state);
+    void (*bdrv_reopen_abort)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state);
+    void (*bdrv_join_options)(QDict *options, QDict *old_options);
+
+    int (*bdrv_open)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                     Error **errp);
+
+    /* Protocol drivers should implement this instead of bdrv_open */
+    int (*bdrv_file_open)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
+                          Error **errp);
+    void (*bdrv_close)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_create)(BlockdevCreateOptions *opts,
+                                       Error **errp);
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_create_opts)(BlockDriver *drv,
+                                            const char *filename,
+                                            QemuOpts *opts,
+                                            Error **errp);
+
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_amend)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                      BlockdevAmendOptions *opts,
+                                      bool force,
+                                      Error **errp);
+
+    int (*bdrv_amend_options)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                              QemuOpts *opts,
+                              BlockDriverAmendStatusCB *status_cb,
+                              void *cb_opaque,
+                              bool force,
+                              Error **errp);
+
+    int (*bdrv_make_empty)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    /*
+     * Refreshes the bs->exact_filename field. If that is impossible,
+     * bs->exact_filename has to be left empty.
+     */
+    void (*bdrv_refresh_filename)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    /*
+     * Gathers the open options for all children into @target.
+     * A simple format driver (without backing file support) might
+     * implement this function like this:
+     *
+     *     QINCREF(bs->file->bs->full_open_options);
+     *     qdict_put(target, "file", bs->file->bs->full_open_options);
+     *
+     * If not specified, the generic implementation will simply put
+     * all children's options under their respective name.
+     *
+     * @backing_overridden is true when bs->backing seems not to be
+     * the child that would result from opening bs->backing_file.
+     * Therefore, if it is true, the backing child's options should be
+     * gathered; otherwise, there is no need since the backing child
+     * is the one implied by the image header.
+     *
+     * Note that ideally this function would not be needed.  Every
+     * block driver which implements it is probably doing something
+     * shady regarding its runtime option structure.
+     */
+    void (*bdrv_gather_child_options)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *target,
+                                      bool backing_overridden);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns an allocated string which is the directory name of this BDS: It
+     * will be used to make relative filenames absolute by prepending this
+     * function's return value to them.
+     */
+    char *(*bdrv_dirname)(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
+
+    /* aio */
+    BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_preadv)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+        BdrvRequestFlags flags, BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
+    BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_pwritev)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+        BdrvRequestFlags flags, BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
+    BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_flush)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
+    BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_pdiscard)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t offset, int bytes,
+        BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
+
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_readv)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov);
+
+    /**
+     * @offset: position in bytes to read at
+     * @bytes: number of bytes to read
+     * @qiov: the buffers to fill with read data
+     * @flags: currently unused, always 0
+     *
+     * @offset and @bytes will be a multiple of 'request_alignment',
+     * but the length of individual @qiov elements does not have to
+     * be a multiple.
+     *
+     * @bytes will always equal the total size of @qiov, and will be
+     * no larger than 'max_transfer'.
+     *
+     * The buffer in @qiov may point directly to guest memory.
+     */
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_preadv)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+        BdrvRequestFlags flags);
+
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_preadv_part)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
+        QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset,
+        BdrvRequestFlags flags);
+
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_writev)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+        int flags);
+    /**
+     * @offset: position in bytes to write at
+     * @bytes: number of bytes to write
+     * @qiov: the buffers containing data to write
+     * @flags: zero or more bits allowed by 'supported_write_flags'
+     *
+     * @offset and @bytes will be a multiple of 'request_alignment',
+     * but the length of individual @qiov elements does not have to
+     * be a multiple.
+     *
+     * @bytes will always equal the total size of @qiov, and will be
+     * no larger than 'max_transfer'.
+     *
+     * The buffer in @qiov may point directly to guest memory.
+     */
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwritev)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+        BdrvRequestFlags flags);
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwritev_part)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset,
+        BdrvRequestFlags flags);
+
+    /*
+     * Efficiently zero a region of the disk image.  Typically an image format
+     * would use a compact metadata representation to implement this.  This
+     * function pointer may be NULL or return -ENOSUP and .bdrv_co_writev()
+     * will be called instead.
+     */
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwrite_zeroes)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, BdrvRequestFlags flags);
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pdiscard)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes);
+
+    /*
+     * Map [offset, offset + nbytes) range onto a child of @bs to copy from,
+     * and invoke bdrv_co_copy_range_from(child, ...), or invoke
+     * bdrv_co_copy_range_to() if @bs is the leaf child to copy data from.
+     *
+     * See the comment of bdrv_co_copy_range for the parameter and return value
+     * semantics.
+     */
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_copy_range_from)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                                BdrvChild *src,
+                                                int64_t offset,
+                                                BdrvChild *dst,
+                                                int64_t dst_offset,
+                                                int64_t bytes,
+                                                BdrvRequestFlags read_flags,
+                                                BdrvRequestFlags write_flags);
+
+    /*
+     * Map [offset, offset + nbytes) range onto a child of bs to copy data to,
+     * and invoke bdrv_co_copy_range_to(child, src, ...), or perform the copy
+     * operation if @bs is the leaf and @src has the same BlockDriver.  Return
+     * -ENOTSUP if @bs is the leaf but @src has a different BlockDriver.
+     *
+     * See the comment of bdrv_co_copy_range for the parameter and return value
+     * semantics.
+     */
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_copy_range_to)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                              BdrvChild *src,
+                                              int64_t src_offset,
+                                              BdrvChild *dst,
+                                              int64_t dst_offset,
+                                              int64_t bytes,
+                                              BdrvRequestFlags read_flags,
+                                              BdrvRequestFlags write_flags);
+
+    /*
+     * Building block for bdrv_block_status[_above] and
+     * bdrv_is_allocated[_above].  The driver should answer only
+     * according to the current layer, and should only need to set
+     * BDRV_BLOCK_DATA, BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO, BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID,
+     * and/or BDRV_BLOCK_RAW; if the current layer defers to a backing
+     * layer, the result should be 0 (and not BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO).  See
+     * block.h for the overall meaning of the bits.  As a hint, the
+     * flag want_zero is true if the caller cares more about precise
+     * mappings (favor accurate _OFFSET_VALID/_ZERO) or false for
+     * overall allocation (favor larger *pnum, perhaps by reporting
+     * _DATA instead of _ZERO).  The block layer guarantees input
+     * clamped to bdrv_getlength() and aligned to request_alignment,
+     * as well as non-NULL pnum, map, and file; in turn, the driver
+     * must return an error or set pnum to an aligned non-zero value.
+     *
+     * Note that @bytes is just a hint on how big of a region the
+     * caller wants to inspect.  It is not a limit on *pnum.
+     * Implementations are free to return larger values of *pnum if
+     * doing so does not incur a performance penalty.
+     *
+     * block/io.c's bdrv_co_block_status() will utilize an unclamped
+     * *pnum value for the block-status cache on protocol nodes, prior
+     * to clamping *pnum for return to its caller.
+     */
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_block_status)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        bool want_zero, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum,
+        int64_t *map, BlockDriverState **file);
+
+    /*
+     * This informs the driver that we are no longer interested in the result
+     * of in-flight requests, so don't waste the time if possible.
+     *
+     * One example usage is to avoid waiting for an nbd target node reconnect
+     * timeout during job-cancel with force=true.
+     */
+    void (*bdrv_cancel_in_flight)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    /*
+     * Invalidate any cached meta-data.
+     */
+    void coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_invalidate_cache)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                                  Error **errp);
+    int (*bdrv_inactivate)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    /*
+     * Flushes all data for all layers by calling bdrv_co_flush for underlying
+     * layers, if needed. This function is needed for deterministic
+     * synchronization of the flush finishing callback.
+     */
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_flush)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    /* Delete a created file. */
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_delete_file)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                            Error **errp);
+
+    /*
+     * Flushes all data that was already written to the OS all the way down to
+     * the disk (for example file-posix.c calls fsync()).
+     */
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_flush_to_disk)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    /*
+     * Flushes all internal caches to the OS. The data may still sit in a
+     * writeback cache of the host OS, but it will survive a crash of the qemu
+     * process.
+     */
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_flush_to_os)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    /*
+     * Drivers setting this field must be able to work with just a plain
+     * filename with '<protocol_name>:' as a prefix, and no other options.
+     * Options may be extracted from the filename by implementing
+     * bdrv_parse_filename.
+     */
+    const char *protocol_name;
+
+    /*
+     * Truncate @bs to @offset bytes using the given @prealloc mode
+     * when growing.  Modes other than PREALLOC_MODE_OFF should be
+     * rejected when shrinking @bs.
+     *
+     * If @exact is true, @bs must be resized to exactly @offset.
+     * Otherwise, it is sufficient for @bs (if it is a host block
+     * device and thus there is no way to resize it) to be at least
+     * @offset bytes in length.
+     *
+     * If @exact is true and this function fails but would succeed
+     * with @exact = false, it should return -ENOTSUP.
+     */
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_truncate)(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
+                                         bool exact, PreallocMode prealloc,
+                                         BdrvRequestFlags flags, Error **errp);
+    int64_t (*bdrv_getlength)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+    bool has_variable_length;
+    int64_t (*bdrv_get_allocated_file_size)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+    BlockMeasureInfo *(*bdrv_measure)(QemuOpts *opts, BlockDriverState *in_bs,
+                                      Error **errp);
+
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov);
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed_part)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+        size_t qiov_offset);
+
+    int (*bdrv_snapshot_create)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_info);
+    int (*bdrv_snapshot_goto)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                              const char *snapshot_id);
+    int (*bdrv_snapshot_delete)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                const char *snapshot_id,
+                                const char *name,
+                                Error **errp);
+    int (*bdrv_snapshot_list)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                              QEMUSnapshotInfo **psn_info);
+    int (*bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                  const char *snapshot_id,
+                                  const char *name,
+                                  Error **errp);
+    int (*bdrv_get_info)(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi);
+
+    ImageInfoSpecific *(*bdrv_get_specific_info)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                                 Error **errp);
+    BlockStatsSpecific *(*bdrv_get_specific_stats)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_save_vmstate)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                          QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+                                          int64_t pos);
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_load_vmstate)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                          QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+                                          int64_t pos);
+
+    int (*bdrv_change_backing_file)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        const char *backing_file, const char *backing_fmt);
+
+    /* removable device specific */
+    bool (*bdrv_is_inserted)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+    void (*bdrv_eject)(BlockDriverState *bs, bool eject_flag);
+    void (*bdrv_lock_medium)(BlockDriverState *bs, bool locked);
+
+    /* to control generic scsi devices */
+    BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_ioctl)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        unsigned long int req, void *buf,
+        BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_ioctl)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                      unsigned long int req, void *buf);
+
+    /* List of options for creating images, terminated by name == NULL */
+    QemuOptsList *create_opts;
+
+    /* List of options for image amend */
+    QemuOptsList *amend_opts;
+
+    /*
+     * If this driver supports reopening images this contains a
+     * NULL-terminated list of the runtime options that can be
+     * modified. If an option in this list is unspecified during
+     * reopen then it _must_ be reset to its default value or return
+     * an error.
+     */
+    const char *const *mutable_opts;
+
+    /*
+     * Returns 0 for completed check, -errno for internal errors.
+     * The check results are stored in result.
+     */
+    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_check)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                      BdrvCheckResult *result,
+                                      BdrvCheckMode fix);
+
+    void (*bdrv_debug_event)(BlockDriverState *bs, BlkdebugEvent event);
+
+    /* TODO Better pass a option string/QDict/QemuOpts to add any rule? */
+    int (*bdrv_debug_breakpoint)(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *event,
+        const char *tag);
+    int (*bdrv_debug_remove_breakpoint)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        const char *tag);
+    int (*bdrv_debug_resume)(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *tag);
+    bool (*bdrv_debug_is_suspended)(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *tag);
+
+    void (*bdrv_refresh_limits)(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns 1 if newly created images are guaranteed to contain only
+     * zeros, 0 otherwise.
+     */
+    int (*bdrv_has_zero_init)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    /*
+     * Remove fd handlers, timers, and other event loop callbacks so the event
+     * loop is no longer in use.  Called with no in-flight requests and in
+     * depth-first traversal order with parents before child nodes.
+     */
+    void (*bdrv_detach_aio_context)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    /*
+     * Add fd handlers, timers, and other event loop callbacks so I/O requests
+     * can be processed again.  Called with no in-flight requests and in
+     * depth-first traversal order with child nodes before parent nodes.
+     */
+    void (*bdrv_attach_aio_context)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                    AioContext *new_context);
+
+    /* io queue for linux-aio */
+    void (*bdrv_io_plug)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+    void (*bdrv_io_unplug)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    /**
+     * Try to get @bs's logical and physical block size.
+     * On success, store them in @bsz and return zero.
+     * On failure, return negative errno.
+     */
+    /* I/O API, even though if it's a filter jumps on parent */
+    int (*bdrv_probe_blocksizes)(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockSizes *bsz);
+    /**
+     * Try to get @bs's geometry (cyls, heads, sectors)
+     * On success, store them in @geo and return 0.
+     * On failure return -errno.
+     * Only drivers that want to override guest geometry implement this
+     * callback; see hd_geometry_guess().
+     */
+    /* I/O API, even though if it's a filter jumps on parent */
+    int (*bdrv_probe_geometry)(BlockDriverState *bs, HDGeometry *geo);
+
+    /**
+     * bdrv_co_drain_begin is called if implemented in the beginning of a
+     * drain operation to drain and stop any internal sources of requests in
+     * the driver.
+     * bdrv_co_drain_end is called if implemented at the end of the drain.
+     *
+     * They should be used by the driver to e.g. manage scheduled I/O
+     * requests, or toggle an internal state. After the end of the drain new
+     * requests will continue normally.
+     */
+    void coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_drain_begin)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+    void coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_drain_end)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    void (*bdrv_add_child)(BlockDriverState *parent, BlockDriverState *child,
+                           Error **errp);
+    void (*bdrv_del_child)(BlockDriverState *parent, BdrvChild *child,
+                           Error **errp);
+
+    /**
+     * Informs the block driver that a permission change is intended. The
+     * driver checks whether the change is permissible and may take other
+     * preparations for the change (e.g. get file system locks). This operation
+     * is always followed either by a call to either .bdrv_set_perm or
+     * .bdrv_abort_perm_update.
+     *
+     * Checks whether the requested set of cumulative permissions in @perm
+     * can be granted for accessing @bs and whether no other users are using
+     * permissions other than those given in @shared (both arguments take
+     * BLK_PERM_* bitmasks).
+     *
+     * If both conditions are met, 0 is returned. Otherwise, -errno is returned
+     * and errp is set to an error describing the conflict.
+     */
+    int (*bdrv_check_perm)(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t perm,
+                           uint64_t shared, Error **errp);
+
+    /**
+     * Called to inform the driver that the set of cumulative set of used
+     * permissions for @bs has changed to @perm, and the set of sharable
+     * permission to @shared. The driver can use this to propagate changes to
+     * its children (i.e. request permissions only if a parent actually needs
+     * them).
+     *
+     * This function is only invoked after bdrv_check_perm(), so block drivers
+     * may rely on preparations made in their .bdrv_check_perm implementation.
+     */
+    void (*bdrv_set_perm)(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared);
+
+    /*
+     * Called to inform the driver that after a previous bdrv_check_perm()
+     * call, the permission update is not performed and any preparations made
+     * for it (e.g. taken file locks) need to be undone.
+     *
+     * This function can be called even for nodes that never saw a
+     * bdrv_check_perm() call. It is a no-op then.
+     */
+    void (*bdrv_abort_perm_update)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns in @nperm and @nshared the permissions that the driver for @bs
+     * needs on its child @c, based on the cumulative permissions requested by
+     * the parents in @parent_perm and @parent_shared.
+     *
+     * If @c is NULL, return the permissions for attaching a new child for the
+     * given @child_class and @role.
+     *
+     * If @reopen_queue is non-NULL, don't return the currently needed
+     * permissions, but those that will be needed after applying the
+     * @reopen_queue.
+     */
+     void (*bdrv_child_perm)(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *c,
+                             BdrvChildRole role,
+                             BlockReopenQueue *reopen_queue,
+                             uint64_t parent_perm, uint64_t parent_shared,
+                             uint64_t *nperm, uint64_t *nshared);
+
+    bool (*bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap)(BlockDriverState *bs);
+    bool (*bdrv_co_can_store_new_dirty_bitmap)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                               const char *name,
+                                               uint32_t granularity,
+                                               Error **errp);
+    int (*bdrv_co_remove_persistent_dirty_bitmap)(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                                  const char *name,
+                                                  Error **errp);
+
+    /**
+     * Register/unregister a buffer for I/O. For example, when the driver is
+     * interested to know the memory areas that will later be used in iovs, so
+     * that it can do IOMMU mapping with VFIO etc., in order to get better
+     * performance. In the case of VFIO drivers, this callback is used to do
+     * DMA mapping for hot buffers.
+     */
+    void (*bdrv_register_buf)(BlockDriverState *bs, void *host, size_t size);
+    void (*bdrv_unregister_buf)(BlockDriverState *bs, void *host);
+    QLIST_ENTRY(BlockDriver) list;
+
+    /*
+     * Pointer to a NULL-terminated array of names of strong options
+     * that can be specified for bdrv_open(). A strong option is one
+     * that changes the data of a BDS.
+     * If this pointer is NULL, the array is considered empty.
+     * "filename" and "driver" are always considered strong.
+     */
+    const char *const *strong_runtime_opts;
+};
+
+static inline bool block_driver_can_compress(BlockDriver *drv)
+{
+    return drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed ||
+           drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed_part;
+}
+
+typedef struct BlockLimits {
+    /*
+     * Alignment requirement, in bytes, for offset/length of I/O
+     * requests. Must be a power of 2 less than INT_MAX; defaults to
+     * 1 for drivers with modern byte interfaces, and to 512
+     * otherwise.
+     */
+    uint32_t request_alignment;
+
+    /*
+     * Maximum number of bytes that can be discarded at once. Must be multiple
+     * of pdiscard_alignment, but need not be power of 2. May be 0 if no
+     * inherent 64-bit limit.
+     */
+    int64_t max_pdiscard;
+
+    /*
+     * Optimal alignment for discard requests in bytes. A power of 2
+     * is best but not mandatory.  Must be a multiple of
+     * bl.request_alignment, and must be less than max_pdiscard if
+     * that is set. May be 0 if bl.request_alignment is good enough
+     */
+    uint32_t pdiscard_alignment;
+
+    /*
+     * Maximum number of bytes that can zeroized at once. Must be multiple of
+     * pwrite_zeroes_alignment. 0 means no limit.
+     */
+    int64_t max_pwrite_zeroes;
+
+    /*
+     * Optimal alignment for write zeroes requests in bytes. A power
+     * of 2 is best but not mandatory.  Must be a multiple of
+     * bl.request_alignment, and must be less than max_pwrite_zeroes
+     * if that is set. May be 0 if bl.request_alignment is good
+     * enough
+     */
+    uint32_t pwrite_zeroes_alignment;
+
+    /*
+     * Optimal transfer length in bytes.  A power of 2 is best but not
+     * mandatory.  Must be a multiple of bl.request_alignment, or 0 if
+     * no preferred size
+     */
+    uint32_t opt_transfer;
+
+    /*
+     * Maximal transfer length in bytes.  Need not be power of 2, but
+     * must be multiple of opt_transfer and bl.request_alignment, or 0
+     * for no 32-bit limit.  For now, anything larger than INT_MAX is
+     * clamped down.
+     */
+    uint32_t max_transfer;
+
+    /*
+     * Maximal hardware transfer length in bytes.  Applies whenever
+     * transfers to the device bypass the kernel I/O scheduler, for
+     * example with SG_IO.  If larger than max_transfer or if zero,
+     * blk_get_max_hw_transfer will fall back to max_transfer.
+     */
+    uint64_t max_hw_transfer;
+
+    /*
+     * Maximal number of scatter/gather elements allowed by the hardware.
+     * Applies whenever transfers to the device bypass the kernel I/O
+     * scheduler, for example with SG_IO.  If larger than max_iov
+     * or if zero, blk_get_max_hw_iov will fall back to max_iov.
+     */
+    int max_hw_iov;
+
+
+    /* memory alignment, in bytes so that no bounce buffer is needed */
+    size_t min_mem_alignment;
+
+    /* memory alignment, in bytes, for bounce buffer */
+    size_t opt_mem_alignment;
+
+    /* maximum number of iovec elements */
+    int max_iov;
+} BlockLimits;
+
+typedef struct BdrvOpBlocker BdrvOpBlocker;
+
+typedef struct BdrvAioNotifier {
+    void (*attached_aio_context)(AioContext *new_context, void *opaque);
+    void (*detach_aio_context)(void *opaque);
+
+    void *opaque;
+    bool deleted;
+
+    QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvAioNotifier) list;
+} BdrvAioNotifier;
+
+struct BdrvChildClass {
+    /*
+     * If true, bdrv_replace_node() doesn't change the node this BdrvChild
+     * points to.
+     */
+    bool stay_at_node;
+
+    /*
+     * If true, the parent is a BlockDriverState and bdrv_next_all_states()
+     * will return it. This information is used for drain_all, where every node
+     * will be drained separately, so the drain only needs to be propagated to
+     * non-BDS parents.
+     */
+    bool parent_is_bds;
+
+    void (*inherit_options)(BdrvChildRole role, bool parent_is_format,
+                            int *child_flags, QDict *child_options,
+                            int parent_flags, QDict *parent_options);
+
+    void (*change_media)(BdrvChild *child, bool load);
+    void (*resize)(BdrvChild *child);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns a name that is supposedly more useful for human users than the
+     * node name for identifying the node in question (in particular, a BB
+     * name), or NULL if the parent can't provide a better name.
+     */
+    const char *(*get_name)(BdrvChild *child);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns a malloced string that describes the parent of the child for a
+     * human reader. This could be a node-name, BlockBackend name, qdev ID or
+     * QOM path of the device owning the BlockBackend, job type and ID etc. The
+     * caller is responsible for freeing the memory.
+     */
+    char *(*get_parent_desc)(BdrvChild *child);
+
+    /*
+     * If this pair of functions is implemented, the parent doesn't issue new
+     * requests after returning from .drained_begin() until .drained_end() is
+     * called.
+     *
+     * These functions must not change the graph (and therefore also must not
+     * call aio_poll(), which could change the graph indirectly).
+     *
+     * If drained_end() schedules background operations, it must atomically
+     * increment *drained_end_counter for each such operation and atomically
+     * decrement it once the operation has settled.
+     *
+     * Note that this can be nested. If drained_begin() was called twice, new
+     * I/O is allowed only after drained_end() was called twice, too.
+     */
+    void (*drained_begin)(BdrvChild *child);
+    void (*drained_end)(BdrvChild *child, int *drained_end_counter);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns whether the parent has pending requests for the child. This
+     * callback is polled after .drained_begin() has been called until all
+     * activity on the child has stopped.
+     */
+    bool (*drained_poll)(BdrvChild *child);
+
+    /*
+     * Notifies the parent that the child has been activated/inactivated (e.g.
+     * when migration is completing) and it can start/stop requesting
+     * permissions and doing I/O on it.
+     */
+    void (*activate)(BdrvChild *child, Error **errp);
+    int (*inactivate)(BdrvChild *child);
+
+    void (*attach)(BdrvChild *child);
+    void (*detach)(BdrvChild *child);
+
+    /*
+     * Notifies the parent that the filename of its child has changed (e.g.
+     * because the direct child was removed from the backing chain), so that it
+     * can update its reference.
+     */
+    int (*update_filename)(BdrvChild *child, BlockDriverState *new_base,
+                           const char *filename, Error **errp);
+
+    bool (*can_set_aio_ctx)(BdrvChild *child, AioContext *ctx,
+                            GSList **ignore, Error **errp);
+    void (*set_aio_ctx)(BdrvChild *child, AioContext *ctx, GSList **ignore);
+
+    AioContext *(*get_parent_aio_context)(BdrvChild *child);
+};
+
+extern const BdrvChildClass child_of_bds;
+
+struct BdrvChild {
+    BlockDriverState *bs;
+    char *name;
+    const BdrvChildClass *klass;
+    BdrvChildRole role;
+    void *opaque;
+
+    /**
+     * Granted permissions for operating on this BdrvChild (BLK_PERM_* bitmask)
+     */
+    uint64_t perm;
+
+    /**
+     * Permissions that can still be granted to other users of @bs while this
+     * BdrvChild is still attached to it. (BLK_PERM_* bitmask)
+     */
+    uint64_t shared_perm;
+
+    /*
+     * This link is frozen: the child can neither be replaced nor
+     * detached from the parent.
+     */
+    bool frozen;
+
+    /*
+     * How many times the parent of this child has been drained
+     * (through klass->drained_*).
+     * Usually, this is equal to bs->quiesce_counter (potentially
+     * reduced by bdrv_drain_all_count).  It may differ while the
+     * child is entering or leaving a drained section.
+     */
+    int parent_quiesce_counter;
+
+    QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvChild) next;
+    QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvChild) next_parent;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Allows bdrv_co_block_status() to cache one data region for a
+ * protocol node.
+ *
+ * @valid: Whether the cache is valid (should be accessed with atomic
+ *         functions so this can be reset by RCU readers)
+ * @data_start: Offset where we know (or strongly assume) is data
+ * @data_end: Offset where the data region ends (which is not necessarily
+ *            the start of a zeroed region)
+ */
+typedef struct BdrvBlockStatusCache {
+    struct rcu_head rcu;
+
+    bool valid;
+    int64_t data_start;
+    int64_t data_end;
+} BdrvBlockStatusCache;
+
+struct BlockDriverState {
+    /*
+     * Protected by big QEMU lock or read-only after opening.  No special
+     * locking needed during I/O...
+     */
+    int open_flags; /* flags used to open the file, re-used for re-open */
+    bool encrypted; /* if true, the media is encrypted */
+    bool sg;        /* if true, the device is a /dev/sg* */
+    bool probed;    /* if true, format was probed rather than specified */
+    bool force_share; /* if true, always allow all shared permissions */
+    bool implicit;  /* if true, this filter node was automatically inserted */
+
+    BlockDriver *drv; /* NULL means no media */
+    void *opaque;
+
+    AioContext *aio_context; /* event loop used for fd handlers, timers, etc */
+    /*
+     * long-running tasks intended to always use the same AioContext as this
+     * BDS may register themselves in this list to be notified of changes
+     * regarding this BDS's context
+     */
+    QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvAioNotifier) aio_notifiers;
+    bool walking_aio_notifiers; /* to make removal during iteration safe */
+
+    char filename[PATH_MAX];
+    /*
+     * If not empty, this image is a diff in relation to backing_file.
+     * Note that this is the name given in the image header and
+     * therefore may or may not be equal to .backing->bs->filename.
+     * If this field contains a relative path, it is to be resolved
+     * relatively to the overlay's location.
+     */
+    char backing_file[PATH_MAX];
+    /*
+     * The backing filename indicated by the image header.  Contrary
+     * to backing_file, if we ever open this file, auto_backing_file
+     * is replaced by the resulting BDS's filename (i.e. after a
+     * bdrv_refresh_filename() run).
+     */
+    char auto_backing_file[PATH_MAX];
+    char backing_format[16]; /* if non-zero and backing_file exists */
+
+    QDict *full_open_options;
+    char exact_filename[PATH_MAX];
+
+    BdrvChild *backing;
+    BdrvChild *file;
+
+    /* I/O Limits */
+    BlockLimits bl;
+
+    /*
+     * Flags honored during pread
+     */
+    unsigned int supported_read_flags;
+    /*
+     * Flags honored during pwrite (so far: BDRV_REQ_FUA,
+     * BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED).
+     * If a driver does not support BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED, those
+     * writes will be issued as normal writes without the flag set.
+     * This is important to note for drivers that do not explicitly
+     * request a WRITE permission for their children and instead take
+     * the same permissions as their parent did (this is commonly what
+     * block filters do).  Such drivers have to be aware that the
+     * parent may have taken a WRITE_UNCHANGED permission only and is
+     * issuing such requests.  Drivers either must make sure that
+     * these requests do not result in plain WRITE accesses (usually
+     * by supporting BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED, and then forwarding
+     * every incoming write request as-is, including potentially that
+     * flag), or they have to explicitly take the WRITE permission for
+     * their children.
+     */
+    unsigned int supported_write_flags;
+    /*
+     * Flags honored during pwrite_zeroes (so far: BDRV_REQ_FUA,
+     * BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP, BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED)
+     */
+    unsigned int supported_zero_flags;
+    /*
+     * Flags honoured during truncate (so far: BDRV_REQ_ZERO_WRITE).
+     *
+     * If BDRV_REQ_ZERO_WRITE is given, the truncate operation must make sure
+     * that any added space reads as all zeros. If this can't be guaranteed,
+     * the operation must fail.
+     */
+    unsigned int supported_truncate_flags;
+
+    /* the following member gives a name to every node on the bs graph. */
+    char node_name[32];
+    /* element of the list of named nodes building the graph */
+    QTAILQ_ENTRY(BlockDriverState) node_list;
+    /* element of the list of all BlockDriverStates (all_bdrv_states) */
+    QTAILQ_ENTRY(BlockDriverState) bs_list;
+    /* element of the list of monitor-owned BDS */
+    QTAILQ_ENTRY(BlockDriverState) monitor_list;
+    int refcnt;
+
+    /* operation blockers. Protected by BQL. */
+    QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvOpBlocker) op_blockers[BLOCK_OP_TYPE_MAX];
+
+    /*
+     * The node that this node inherited default options from (and a reopen on
+     * which can affect this node by changing these defaults). This is always a
+     * parent node of this node.
+     */
+    BlockDriverState *inherits_from;
+    QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvChild) children;
+    QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvChild) parents;
+
+    QDict *options;
+    QDict *explicit_options;
+    BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes;
+
+    /* The error object in use for blocking operations on backing_hd */
+    Error *backing_blocker;
+
+    /* Protected by AioContext lock */
+
+    /*
+     * If we are reading a disk image, give its size in sectors.
+     * Generally read-only; it is written to by load_snapshot and
+     * save_snaphost, but the block layer is quiescent during those.
+     */
+    int64_t total_sectors;
+
+    /* threshold limit for writes, in bytes. "High water mark". */
+    uint64_t write_threshold_offset;
+
+    /*
+     * Writing to the list requires the BQL _and_ the dirty_bitmap_mutex.
+     * Reading from the list can be done with either the BQL or the
+     * dirty_bitmap_mutex.  Modifying a bitmap only requires
+     * dirty_bitmap_mutex.
+     */
+    QemuMutex dirty_bitmap_mutex;
+    QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvDirtyBitmap) dirty_bitmaps;
+
+    /* Offset after the highest byte written to */
+    Stat64 wr_highest_offset;
+
+    /*
+     * If true, copy read backing sectors into image.  Can be >1 if more
+     * than one client has requested copy-on-read.  Accessed with atomic
+     * ops.
+     */
+    int copy_on_read;
+
+    /*
+     * number of in-flight requests; overall and serialising.
+     * Accessed with atomic ops.
+     */
+    unsigned int in_flight;
+    unsigned int serialising_in_flight;
+
+    /*
+     * counter for nested bdrv_io_plug.
+     * Accessed with atomic ops.
+     */
+    unsigned io_plugged;
+
+    /* do we need to tell the quest if we have a volatile write cache? */
+    int enable_write_cache;
+
+    /* Accessed with atomic ops.  */
+    int quiesce_counter;
+    int recursive_quiesce_counter;
+
+    unsigned int write_gen;               /* Current data generation */
+
+    /* Protected by reqs_lock.  */
+    CoMutex reqs_lock;
+    QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvTrackedRequest) tracked_requests;
+    CoQueue flush_queue;                  /* Serializing flush queue */
+    bool active_flush_req;                /* Flush request in flight? */
+
+    /* Only read/written by whoever has set active_flush_req to true.  */
+    unsigned int flushed_gen;             /* Flushed write generation */
+
+    /* BdrvChild links to this node may never be frozen */
+    bool never_freeze;
+
+    /* Lock for block-status cache RCU writers */
+    CoMutex bsc_modify_lock;
+    /* Always non-NULL, but must only be dereferenced under an RCU read guard */
+    BdrvBlockStatusCache *block_status_cache;
+};
+
+struct BlockBackendRootState {
+    int open_flags;
+    BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes;
+};
+
+typedef enum BlockMirrorBackingMode {
+    /*
+     * Reuse the existing backing chain from the source for the target.
+     * - sync=full: Set backing BDS to NULL.
+     * - sync=top:  Use source's backing BDS.
+     * - sync=none: Use source as the backing BDS.
+     */
+    MIRROR_SOURCE_BACKING_CHAIN,
+
+    /* Open the target's backing chain completely anew */
+    MIRROR_OPEN_BACKING_CHAIN,
+
+    /* Do not change the target's backing BDS after job completion */
+    MIRROR_LEAVE_BACKING_CHAIN,
+} BlockMirrorBackingMode;
+
+
+/*
+ * Essential block drivers which must always be statically linked into qemu, and
+ * which therefore can be accessed without using bdrv_find_format()
+ */
+extern BlockDriver bdrv_file;
+extern BlockDriver bdrv_raw;
+extern BlockDriver bdrv_qcow2;
+
+extern unsigned int bdrv_drain_all_count;
+extern QemuOptsList bdrv_create_opts_simple;
+
+/* Common functions that are neither I/O nor Global State */
+
+static inline BlockDriverState *child_bs(BdrvChild *child)
+{
+    return child ? child->bs : NULL;
+}
+
+int bdrv_check_request(int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, Error **errp);
+int get_tmp_filename(char *filename, int size);
+void bdrv_parse_filename_strip_prefix(const char *filename, const char *prefix,
+                                      QDict *options);
+
+bool bdrv_backing_overridden(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+int bdrv_check_qiov_request(int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
+                            QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset,
+                            Error **errp);
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+int is_windows_drive(const char *filename);
+#endif
+
+#endif /* BLOCK_INT_COMMON_H */
diff --git a/include/block/block_int-global-state.h b/include/block/block_int-global-state.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d08e80222c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/block/block_int-global-state.h
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU System Emulator block driver
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef BLOCK_INT_GLOBAL_STATE_H
+#define BLOCK_INT_GLOBAL_STATE_H
+
+#include "block_int-common.h"
+
+/*
+ * Global state (GS) API. These functions run under the BQL lock.
+ *
+ * See include/block/block-global-state.h for more information about
+ * the GS API.
+ */
+
+void bdrv_apply_subtree_drain(BdrvChild *child, BlockDriverState *new_parent);
+void bdrv_unapply_subtree_drain(BdrvChild *child, BlockDriverState *old_parent);
+
+BlockDriver *bdrv_probe_all(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size,
+                            const char *filename);
+
+/**
+ * stream_start:
+ * @job_id: The id of the newly-created job, or %NULL to use the
+ * device name of @bs.
+ * @bs: Block device to operate on.
+ * @base: Block device that will become the new base, or %NULL to
+ * flatten the whole backing file chain onto @bs.
+ * @backing_file_str: The file name that will be written to @bs as the
+ * the new backing file if the job completes. Ignored if @base is %NULL.
+ * @creation_flags: Flags that control the behavior of the Job lifetime.
+ *                  See @BlockJobCreateFlags
+ * @speed: The maximum speed, in bytes per second, or 0 for unlimited.
+ * @on_error: The action to take upon error.
+ * @filter_node_name: The node name that should be assigned to the filter
+ *                    driver that the stream job inserts into the graph above
+ *                    @bs. NULL means that a node name should be autogenerated.
+ * @errp: Error object.
+ *
+ * Start a streaming operation on @bs.  Clusters that are unallocated
+ * in @bs, but allocated in any image between @base and @bs (both
+ * exclusive) will be written to @bs.  At the end of a successful
+ * streaming job, the backing file of @bs will be changed to
+ * @backing_file_str in the written image and to @base in the live
+ * BlockDriverState.
+ */
+void stream_start(const char *job_id, BlockDriverState *bs,
+                  BlockDriverState *base, const char *backing_file_str,
+                  BlockDriverState *bottom,
+                  int creation_flags, int64_t speed,
+                  BlockdevOnError on_error,
+                  const char *filter_node_name,
+                  Error **errp);
+
+/**
+ * commit_start:
+ * @job_id: The id of the newly-created job, or %NULL to use the
+ * device name of @bs.
+ * @bs: Active block device.
+ * @top: Top block device to be committed.
+ * @base: Block device that will be written into, and become the new top.
+ * @creation_flags: Flags that control the behavior of the Job lifetime.
+ *                  See @BlockJobCreateFlags
+ * @speed: The maximum speed, in bytes per second, or 0 for unlimited.
+ * @on_error: The action to take upon error.
+ * @backing_file_str: String to use as the backing file in @top's overlay
+ * @filter_node_name: The node name that should be assigned to the filter
+ * driver that the commit job inserts into the graph above @top. NULL means
+ * that a node name should be autogenerated.
+ * @errp: Error object.
+ *
+ */
+void commit_start(const char *job_id, BlockDriverState *bs,
+                  BlockDriverState *base, BlockDriverState *top,
+                  int creation_flags, int64_t speed,
+                  BlockdevOnError on_error, const char *backing_file_str,
+                  const char *filter_node_name, Error **errp);
+/**
+ * commit_active_start:
+ * @job_id: The id of the newly-created job, or %NULL to use the
+ * device name of @bs.
+ * @bs: Active block device to be committed.
+ * @base: Block device that will be written into, and become the new top.
+ * @creation_flags: Flags that control the behavior of the Job lifetime.
+ *                  See @BlockJobCreateFlags
+ * @speed: The maximum speed, in bytes per second, or 0 for unlimited.
+ * @on_error: The action to take upon error.
+ * @filter_node_name: The node name that should be assigned to the filter
+ * driver that the commit job inserts into the graph above @bs. NULL means that
+ * a node name should be autogenerated.
+ * @cb: Completion function for the job.
+ * @opaque: Opaque pointer value passed to @cb.
+ * @auto_complete: Auto complete the job.
+ * @errp: Error object.
+ *
+ */
+BlockJob *commit_active_start(const char *job_id, BlockDriverState *bs,
+                              BlockDriverState *base, int creation_flags,
+                              int64_t speed, BlockdevOnError on_error,
+                              const char *filter_node_name,
+                              BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque,
+                              bool auto_complete, Error **errp);
+/*
+ * mirror_start:
+ * @job_id: The id of the newly-created job, or %NULL to use the
+ * device name of @bs.
+ * @bs: Block device to operate on.
+ * @target: Block device to write to.
+ * @replaces: Block graph node name to replace once the mirror is done. Can
+ *            only be used when full mirroring is selected.
+ * @creation_flags: Flags that control the behavior of the Job lifetime.
+ *                  See @BlockJobCreateFlags
+ * @speed: The maximum speed, in bytes per second, or 0 for unlimited.
+ * @granularity: The chosen granularity for the dirty bitmap.
+ * @buf_size: The amount of data that can be in flight at one time.
+ * @mode: Whether to collapse all images in the chain to the target.
+ * @backing_mode: How to establish the target's backing chain after completion.
+ * @zero_target: Whether the target should be explicitly zero-initialized
+ * @on_source_error: The action to take upon error reading from the source.
+ * @on_target_error: The action to take upon error writing to the target.
+ * @unmap: Whether to unmap target where source sectors only contain zeroes.
+ * @filter_node_name: The node name that should be assigned to the filter
+ * driver that the mirror job inserts into the graph above @bs. NULL means that
+ * a node name should be autogenerated.
+ * @copy_mode: When to trigger writes to the target.
+ * @errp: Error object.
+ *
+ * Start a mirroring operation on @bs.  Clusters that are allocated
+ * in @bs will be written to @target until the job is cancelled or
+ * manually completed.  At the end of a successful mirroring job,
+ * @bs will be switched to read from @target.
+ */
+void mirror_start(const char *job_id, BlockDriverState *bs,
+                  BlockDriverState *target, const char *replaces,
+                  int creation_flags, int64_t speed,
+                  uint32_t granularity, int64_t buf_size,
+                  MirrorSyncMode mode, BlockMirrorBackingMode backing_mode,
+                  bool zero_target,
+                  BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
+                  BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
+                  bool unmap, const char *filter_node_name,
+                  MirrorCopyMode copy_mode, Error **errp);
+
+/*
+ * backup_job_create:
+ * @job_id: The id of the newly-created job, or %NULL to use the
+ * device name of @bs.
+ * @bs: Block device to operate on.
+ * @target: Block device to write to.
+ * @speed: The maximum speed, in bytes per second, or 0 for unlimited.
+ * @sync_mode: What parts of the disk image should be copied to the destination.
+ * @sync_bitmap: The dirty bitmap if sync_mode is 'bitmap' or 'incremental'
+ * @bitmap_mode: The bitmap synchronization policy to use.
+ * @perf: Performance options. All actual fields assumed to be present,
+ *        all ".has_*" fields are ignored.
+ * @on_source_error: The action to take upon error reading from the source.
+ * @on_target_error: The action to take upon error writing to the target.
+ * @creation_flags: Flags that control the behavior of the Job lifetime.
+ *                  See @BlockJobCreateFlags
+ * @cb: Completion function for the job.
+ * @opaque: Opaque pointer value passed to @cb.
+ * @txn: Transaction that this job is part of (may be NULL).
+ *
+ * Create a backup operation on @bs.  Clusters in @bs are written to @target
+ * until the job is cancelled or manually completed.
+ */
+BlockJob *backup_job_create(const char *job_id, BlockDriverState *bs,
+                            BlockDriverState *target, int64_t speed,
+                            MirrorSyncMode sync_mode,
+                            BdrvDirtyBitmap *sync_bitmap,
+                            BitmapSyncMode bitmap_mode,
+                            bool compress,
+                            const char *filter_node_name,
+                            BackupPerf *perf,
+                            BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
+                            BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
+                            int creation_flags,
+                            BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque,
+                            JobTxn *txn, Error **errp);
+
+BdrvChild *bdrv_root_attach_child(BlockDriverState *child_bs,
+                                  const char *child_name,
+                                  const BdrvChildClass *child_class,
+                                  BdrvChildRole child_role,
+                                  uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared_perm,
+                                  void *opaque, Error **errp);
+void bdrv_root_unref_child(BdrvChild *child);
+
+void bdrv_get_cumulative_perm(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t *perm,
+                              uint64_t *shared_perm);
+
+/**
+ * Sets a BdrvChild's permissions.  Avoid if the parent is a BDS; use
+ * bdrv_child_refresh_perms() instead and make the parent's
+ * .bdrv_child_perm() implementation return the correct values.
+ */
+int bdrv_child_try_set_perm(BdrvChild *c, uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared,
+                            Error **errp);
+
+/**
+ * Calls bs->drv->bdrv_child_perm() and updates the child's permission
+ * masks with the result.
+ * Drivers should invoke this function whenever an event occurs that
+ * makes their .bdrv_child_perm() implementation return different
+ * values than before, but which will not result in the block layer
+ * automatically refreshing the permissions.
+ */
+int bdrv_child_refresh_perms(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *c, Error **errp);
+
+bool bdrv_recurse_can_replace(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                              BlockDriverState *to_replace);
+
+/*
+ * Default implementation for BlockDriver.bdrv_child_perm() that can
+ * be used by block filters and image formats, as long as they use the
+ * child_of_bds child class and set an appropriate BdrvChildRole.
+ */
+void bdrv_default_perms(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *c,
+                        BdrvChildRole role, BlockReopenQueue *reopen_queue,
+                        uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared,
+                        uint64_t *nperm, uint64_t *nshared);
+
+const char *bdrv_get_parent_name(const BlockDriverState *bs);
+void blk_dev_change_media_cb(BlockBackend *blk, bool load, Error **errp);
+bool blk_dev_has_removable_media(BlockBackend *blk);
+void blk_dev_eject_request(BlockBackend *blk, bool force);
+bool blk_dev_is_medium_locked(BlockBackend *blk);
+
+void bdrv_restore_dirty_bitmap(BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap, HBitmap *backup);
+
+void bdrv_set_monitor_owned(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+void blockdev_close_all_bdrv_states(void);
+
+BlockDriverState *bds_tree_init(QDict *bs_opts, Error **errp);
+
+/**
+ * Simple implementation of bdrv_co_create_opts for protocol drivers
+ * which only support creation via opening a file
+ * (usually existing raw storage device)
+ */
+int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_create_opts_simple(BlockDriver *drv,
+                                            const char *filename,
+                                            QemuOpts *opts,
+                                            Error **errp);
+
+BdrvDirtyBitmap *block_dirty_bitmap_lookup(const char *node,
+                                           const char *name,
+                                           BlockDriverState **pbs,
+                                           Error **errp);
+BdrvDirtyBitmap *block_dirty_bitmap_merge(const char *node, const char *target,
+                                          BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList *bms,
+                                          HBitmap **backup, Error **errp);
+BdrvDirtyBitmap *block_dirty_bitmap_remove(const char *node, const char *name,
+                                           bool release,
+                                           BlockDriverState **bitmap_bs,
+                                           Error **errp);
+
+
+BlockDriverState *bdrv_skip_implicit_filters(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+/**
+ * bdrv_add_aio_context_notifier:
+ *
+ * If a long-running job intends to be always run in the same AioContext as a
+ * certain BDS, it may use this function to be notified of changes regarding the
+ * association of the BDS to an AioContext.
+ *
+ * attached_aio_context() is called after the target BDS has been attached to a
+ * new AioContext; detach_aio_context() is called before the target BDS is being
+ * detached from its old AioContext.
+ */
+void bdrv_add_aio_context_notifier(BlockDriverState *bs,
+        void (*attached_aio_context)(AioContext *new_context, void *opaque),
+        void (*detach_aio_context)(void *opaque), void *opaque);
+
+/**
+ * bdrv_remove_aio_context_notifier:
+ *
+ * Unsubscribe of change notifications regarding the BDS's AioContext. The
+ * parameters given here have to be the same as those given to
+ * bdrv_add_aio_context_notifier().
+ */
+void bdrv_remove_aio_context_notifier(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                      void (*aio_context_attached)(AioContext *,
+                                                                   void *),
+                                      void (*aio_context_detached)(void *),
+                                      void *opaque);
+
+/**
+ * End all quiescent sections started by bdrv_drain_all_begin(). This is
+ * needed when deleting a BDS before bdrv_drain_all_end() is called.
+ *
+ * NOTE: this is an internal helper for bdrv_close() *only*. No one else
+ * should call it.
+ */
+void bdrv_drain_all_end_quiesce(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+#endif /* BLOCK_INT_GLOBAL_STATE*/
diff --git a/include/block/block_int-io.h b/include/block/block_int-io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f74eb46ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/block/block_int-io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU System Emulator block driver
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef BLOCK_INT_IO_H
+#define BLOCK_INT_IO_H
+
+#include "block_int-common.h"
+
+/*
+ * I/O API functions. These functions are thread-safe.
+ *
+ * See include/block/block-io.h for more information about
+ * the I/O API.
+ */
+
+int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_preadv(BdrvChild *child,
+    int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+    BdrvRequestFlags flags);
+int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_preadv_part(BdrvChild *child,
+    int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
+    QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset, BdrvRequestFlags flags);
+int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_pwritev(BdrvChild *child,
+    int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+    BdrvRequestFlags flags);
+int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_pwritev_part(BdrvChild *child,
+    int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
+    QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset, BdrvRequestFlags flags);
+
+static inline int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_pread(BdrvChild *child,
+    int64_t offset, unsigned int bytes, void *buf, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
+{
+    QEMUIOVector qiov = QEMU_IOVEC_INIT_BUF(qiov, buf, bytes);
+
+    return bdrv_co_preadv(child, offset, bytes, &qiov, flags);
+}
+
+static inline int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_pwrite(BdrvChild *child,
+    int64_t offset, unsigned int bytes, void *buf, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
+{
+    QEMUIOVector qiov = QEMU_IOVEC_INIT_BUF(qiov, buf, bytes);
+
+    return bdrv_co_pwritev(child, offset, bytes, &qiov, flags);
+}
+
+bool coroutine_fn bdrv_make_request_serialising(BdrvTrackedRequest *req,
+                                                uint64_t align);
+BdrvTrackedRequest *coroutine_fn bdrv_co_get_self_request(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+/**
+ * bdrv_wakeup:
+ * @bs: The BlockDriverState for which an I/O operation has been completed.
+ *
+ * Wake up the main thread if it is waiting on BDRV_POLL_WHILE.  During
+ * synchronous I/O on a BlockDriverState that is attached to another
+ * I/O thread, the main thread lets the I/O thread's event loop run,
+ * waiting for the I/O operation to complete.  A bdrv_wakeup will wake
+ * up the main thread if necessary.
+ *
+ * Manual calls to bdrv_wakeup are rarely necessary, because
+ * bdrv_dec_in_flight already calls it.
+ */
+void bdrv_wakeup(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+bool blk_dev_has_tray(BlockBackend *blk);
+bool blk_dev_is_tray_open(BlockBackend *blk);
+
+void bdrv_set_dirty(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes);
+
+void bdrv_clear_dirty_bitmap(BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap, HBitmap **out);
+bool bdrv_dirty_bitmap_merge_internal(BdrvDirtyBitmap *dest,
+                                      const BdrvDirtyBitmap *src,
+                                      HBitmap **backup, bool lock);
+
+void bdrv_inc_in_flight(BlockDriverState *bs);
+void bdrv_dec_in_flight(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_copy_range_from(BdrvChild *src, int64_t src_offset,
+                                         BdrvChild *dst, int64_t dst_offset,
+                                         int64_t bytes,
+                                         BdrvRequestFlags read_flags,
+                                         BdrvRequestFlags write_flags);
+int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_copy_range_to(BdrvChild *src, int64_t src_offset,
+                                       BdrvChild *dst, int64_t dst_offset,
+                                       int64_t bytes,
+                                       BdrvRequestFlags read_flags,
+                                       BdrvRequestFlags write_flags);
+
+int refresh_total_sectors(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t hint);
+
+BdrvChild *bdrv_cow_child(BlockDriverState *bs);
+BdrvChild *bdrv_filter_child(BlockDriverState *bs);
+BdrvChild *bdrv_filter_or_cow_child(BlockDriverState *bs);
+BdrvChild *bdrv_primary_child(BlockDriverState *bs);
+BlockDriverState *bdrv_skip_filters(BlockDriverState *bs);
+BlockDriverState *bdrv_backing_chain_next(BlockDriverState *bs);
+
+static inline BlockDriverState *bdrv_cow_bs(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    return child_bs(bdrv_cow_child(bs));
+}
+
+static inline BlockDriverState *bdrv_filter_bs(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    return child_bs(bdrv_filter_child(bs));
+}
+
+static inline BlockDriverState *bdrv_filter_or_cow_bs(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    return child_bs(bdrv_filter_or_cow_child(bs));
+}
+
+static inline BlockDriverState *bdrv_primary_bs(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    return child_bs(bdrv_primary_child(bs));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check whether the given offset is in the cached block-status data
+ * region.
+ *
+ * If it is, and @pnum is not NULL, *pnum is set to
+ * `bsc.data_end - offset`, i.e. how many bytes, starting from
+ * @offset, are data (according to the cache).
+ * Otherwise, *pnum is not touched.
+ */
+bool bdrv_bsc_is_data(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t *pnum);
+
+/**
+ * If [offset, offset + bytes) overlaps with the currently cached
+ * block-status region, invalidate the cache.
+ *
+ * (To be used by I/O paths that cause data regions to be zero or
+ * holes.)
+ */
+void bdrv_bsc_invalidate_range(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                               int64_t offset, int64_t bytes);
+
+/**
+ * Mark the range [offset, offset + bytes) as a data region.
+ */
+void bdrv_bsc_fill(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes);
+
+#endif /* BLOCK_INT_IO_H */
diff --git a/include/block/block_int.h b/include/block/block_int.h
index f4c75e8ba9..7d50b6bbd1 100644
--- a/include/block/block_int.h
+++ b/include/block/block_int.h
@@ -24,1481 +24,9 @@
 #ifndef BLOCK_INT_H
 #define BLOCK_INT_H
 
-#include "block/accounting.h"
-#include "block/block.h"
-#include "block/aio-wait.h"
-#include "qemu/queue.h"
-#include "qemu/coroutine.h"
-#include "qemu/stats64.h"
-#include "qemu/timer.h"
-#include "qemu/hbitmap.h"
-#include "block/snapshot.h"
-#include "qemu/throttle.h"
-#include "qemu/rcu.h"
+#include "block_int-global-state.h"
+#include "block_int-io.h"
 
-#define BLOCK_FLAG_LAZY_REFCOUNTS   8
-
-#define BLOCK_OPT_SIZE              "size"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT           "encryption"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT_FORMAT    "encrypt.format"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT6           "compat6"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_HWVERSION         "hwversion"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FILE      "backing_file"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_BACKING_FMT       "backing_fmt"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_CLUSTER_SIZE      "cluster_size"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_TABLE_SIZE        "table_size"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_PREALLOC          "preallocation"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT            "subformat"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT_LEVEL      "compat"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS    "lazy_refcounts"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_ADAPTER_TYPE      "adapter_type"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_REDUNDANCY        "redundancy"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_NOCOW             "nocow"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_EXTENT_SIZE_HINT  "extent_size_hint"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_OBJECT_SIZE       "object_size"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_REFCOUNT_BITS     "refcount_bits"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_DATA_FILE         "data_file"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_DATA_FILE_RAW     "data_file_raw"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_COMPRESSION_TYPE  "compression_type"
-#define BLOCK_OPT_EXTL2             "extended_l2"
-
-#define BLOCK_PROBE_BUF_SIZE        512
-
-enum BdrvTrackedRequestType {
-    BDRV_TRACKED_READ,
-    BDRV_TRACKED_WRITE,
-    BDRV_TRACKED_DISCARD,
-    BDRV_TRACKED_TRUNCATE,
-};
-
-/*
- * That is not quite good that BdrvTrackedRequest structure is public,
- * as block/io.c is very careful about incoming offset/bytes being
- * correct. Be sure to assert bdrv_check_request() succeeded after any
- * modification of BdrvTrackedRequest object out of block/io.c
- */
-typedef struct BdrvTrackedRequest {
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    int64_t offset;
-    int64_t bytes;
-    enum BdrvTrackedRequestType type;
-
-    bool serialising;
-    int64_t overlap_offset;
-    int64_t overlap_bytes;
-
-    QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvTrackedRequest) list;
-    Coroutine *co; /* owner, used for deadlock detection */
-    CoQueue wait_queue; /* coroutines blocked on this request */
-
-    struct BdrvTrackedRequest *waiting_for;
-} BdrvTrackedRequest;
-
-int bdrv_check_qiov_request(int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
-                            QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset,
-                            Error **errp);
-int bdrv_check_request(int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, Error **errp);
-
-struct BlockDriver {
-    const char *format_name;
-    int instance_size;
-
-    /* set to true if the BlockDriver is a block filter. Block filters pass
-     * certain callbacks that refer to data (see block.c) to their bs->file
-     * or bs->backing (whichever one exists) if the driver doesn't implement
-     * them. Drivers that do not wish to forward must implement them and return
-     * -ENOTSUP.
-     * Note that filters are not allowed to modify data.
-     *
-     * Filters generally cannot have more than a single filtered child,
-     * because the data they present must at all times be the same as
-     * that on their filtered child.  That would be impossible to
-     * achieve for multiple filtered children.
-     * (And this filtered child must then be bs->file or bs->backing.)
-     */
-    bool is_filter;
-    /*
-     * Set to true if the BlockDriver is a format driver.  Format nodes
-     * generally do not expect their children to be other format nodes
-     * (except for backing files), and so format probing is disabled
-     * on those children.
-     */
-    bool is_format;
-    /*
-     * Return true if @to_replace can be replaced by a BDS with the
-     * same data as @bs without it affecting @bs's behavior (that is,
-     * without it being visible to @bs's parents).
-     */
-    bool (*bdrv_recurse_can_replace)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                     BlockDriverState *to_replace);
-
-    int (*bdrv_probe)(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename);
-    int (*bdrv_probe_device)(const char *filename);
-
-    /* Any driver implementing this callback is expected to be able to handle
-     * NULL file names in its .bdrv_open() implementation */
-    void (*bdrv_parse_filename)(const char *filename, QDict *options, Error **errp);
-    /* Drivers not implementing bdrv_parse_filename nor bdrv_open should have
-     * this field set to true, except ones that are defined only by their
-     * child's bs.
-     * An example of the last type will be the quorum block driver.
-     */
-    bool bdrv_needs_filename;
-
-    /*
-     * Set if a driver can support backing files. This also implies the
-     * following semantics:
-     *
-     *  - Return status 0 of .bdrv_co_block_status means that corresponding
-     *    blocks are not allocated in this layer of backing-chain
-     *  - For such (unallocated) blocks, read will:
-     *    - fill buffer with zeros if there is no backing file
-     *    - read from the backing file otherwise, where the block layer
-     *      takes care of reading zeros beyond EOF if backing file is short
-     */
-    bool supports_backing;
-
-    /* For handling image reopen for split or non-split files */
-    int (*bdrv_reopen_prepare)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state,
-                               BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp);
-    void (*bdrv_reopen_commit)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state);
-    void (*bdrv_reopen_commit_post)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state);
-    void (*bdrv_reopen_abort)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state);
-    void (*bdrv_join_options)(QDict *options, QDict *old_options);
-
-    int (*bdrv_open)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
-                     Error **errp);
-
-    /* Protocol drivers should implement this instead of bdrv_open */
-    int (*bdrv_file_open)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
-                          Error **errp);
-    void (*bdrv_close)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_create)(BlockdevCreateOptions *opts,
-                                       Error **errp);
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_create_opts)(BlockDriver *drv,
-                                            const char *filename,
-                                            QemuOpts *opts,
-                                            Error **errp);
-
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_amend)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                      BlockdevAmendOptions *opts,
-                                      bool force,
-                                      Error **errp);
-
-    int (*bdrv_amend_options)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                              QemuOpts *opts,
-                              BlockDriverAmendStatusCB *status_cb,
-                              void *cb_opaque,
-                              bool force,
-                              Error **errp);
-
-    int (*bdrv_make_empty)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    /*
-     * Refreshes the bs->exact_filename field. If that is impossible,
-     * bs->exact_filename has to be left empty.
-     */
-    void (*bdrv_refresh_filename)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    /*
-     * Gathers the open options for all children into @target.
-     * A simple format driver (without backing file support) might
-     * implement this function like this:
-     *
-     *     QINCREF(bs->file->bs->full_open_options);
-     *     qdict_put(target, "file", bs->file->bs->full_open_options);
-     *
-     * If not specified, the generic implementation will simply put
-     * all children's options under their respective name.
-     *
-     * @backing_overridden is true when bs->backing seems not to be
-     * the child that would result from opening bs->backing_file.
-     * Therefore, if it is true, the backing child's options should be
-     * gathered; otherwise, there is no need since the backing child
-     * is the one implied by the image header.
-     *
-     * Note that ideally this function would not be needed.  Every
-     * block driver which implements it is probably doing something
-     * shady regarding its runtime option structure.
-     */
-    void (*bdrv_gather_child_options)(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *target,
-                                      bool backing_overridden);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns an allocated string which is the directory name of this BDS: It
-     * will be used to make relative filenames absolute by prepending this
-     * function's return value to them.
-     */
-    char *(*bdrv_dirname)(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
-
-    /* aio */
-    BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_preadv)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
-        BdrvRequestFlags flags, BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
-    BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_pwritev)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
-        BdrvRequestFlags flags, BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
-    BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_flush)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
-    BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_pdiscard)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t offset, int bytes,
-        BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
-
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_readv)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov);
-
-    /**
-     * @offset: position in bytes to read at
-     * @bytes: number of bytes to read
-     * @qiov: the buffers to fill with read data
-     * @flags: currently unused, always 0
-     *
-     * @offset and @bytes will be a multiple of 'request_alignment',
-     * but the length of individual @qiov elements does not have to
-     * be a multiple.
-     *
-     * @bytes will always equal the total size of @qiov, and will be
-     * no larger than 'max_transfer'.
-     *
-     * The buffer in @qiov may point directly to guest memory.
-     */
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_preadv)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
-        BdrvRequestFlags flags);
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_preadv_part)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
-        QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset, BdrvRequestFlags flags);
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_writev)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov, int flags);
-    /**
-     * @offset: position in bytes to write at
-     * @bytes: number of bytes to write
-     * @qiov: the buffers containing data to write
-     * @flags: zero or more bits allowed by 'supported_write_flags'
-     *
-     * @offset and @bytes will be a multiple of 'request_alignment',
-     * but the length of individual @qiov elements does not have to
-     * be a multiple.
-     *
-     * @bytes will always equal the total size of @qiov, and will be
-     * no larger than 'max_transfer'.
-     *
-     * The buffer in @qiov may point directly to guest memory.
-     */
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwritev)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
-        BdrvRequestFlags flags);
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwritev_part)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset,
-        BdrvRequestFlags flags);
-
-    /*
-     * Efficiently zero a region of the disk image.  Typically an image format
-     * would use a compact metadata representation to implement this.  This
-     * function pointer may be NULL or return -ENOSUP and .bdrv_co_writev()
-     * will be called instead.
-     */
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwrite_zeroes)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, BdrvRequestFlags flags);
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pdiscard)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes);
-
-    /* Map [offset, offset + nbytes) range onto a child of @bs to copy from,
-     * and invoke bdrv_co_copy_range_from(child, ...), or invoke
-     * bdrv_co_copy_range_to() if @bs is the leaf child to copy data from.
-     *
-     * See the comment of bdrv_co_copy_range for the parameter and return value
-     * semantics.
-     */
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_copy_range_from)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                                BdrvChild *src,
-                                                int64_t offset,
-                                                BdrvChild *dst,
-                                                int64_t dst_offset,
-                                                int64_t bytes,
-                                                BdrvRequestFlags read_flags,
-                                                BdrvRequestFlags write_flags);
-
-    /* Map [offset, offset + nbytes) range onto a child of bs to copy data to,
-     * and invoke bdrv_co_copy_range_to(child, src, ...), or perform the copy
-     * operation if @bs is the leaf and @src has the same BlockDriver.  Return
-     * -ENOTSUP if @bs is the leaf but @src has a different BlockDriver.
-     *
-     * See the comment of bdrv_co_copy_range for the parameter and return value
-     * semantics.
-     */
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_copy_range_to)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                              BdrvChild *src,
-                                              int64_t src_offset,
-                                              BdrvChild *dst,
-                                              int64_t dst_offset,
-                                              int64_t bytes,
-                                              BdrvRequestFlags read_flags,
-                                              BdrvRequestFlags write_flags);
-
-    /*
-     * Building block for bdrv_block_status[_above] and
-     * bdrv_is_allocated[_above].  The driver should answer only
-     * according to the current layer, and should only need to set
-     * BDRV_BLOCK_DATA, BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO, BDRV_BLOCK_OFFSET_VALID,
-     * and/or BDRV_BLOCK_RAW; if the current layer defers to a backing
-     * layer, the result should be 0 (and not BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO).  See
-     * block.h for the overall meaning of the bits.  As a hint, the
-     * flag want_zero is true if the caller cares more about precise
-     * mappings (favor accurate _OFFSET_VALID/_ZERO) or false for
-     * overall allocation (favor larger *pnum, perhaps by reporting
-     * _DATA instead of _ZERO).  The block layer guarantees input
-     * clamped to bdrv_getlength() and aligned to request_alignment,
-     * as well as non-NULL pnum, map, and file; in turn, the driver
-     * must return an error or set pnum to an aligned non-zero value.
-     *
-     * Note that @bytes is just a hint on how big of a region the
-     * caller wants to inspect.  It is not a limit on *pnum.
-     * Implementations are free to return larger values of *pnum if
-     * doing so does not incur a performance penalty.
-     *
-     * block/io.c's bdrv_co_block_status() will utilize an unclamped
-     * *pnum value for the block-status cache on protocol nodes, prior
-     * to clamping *pnum for return to its caller.
-     */
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_block_status)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        bool want_zero, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, int64_t *pnum,
-        int64_t *map, BlockDriverState **file);
-
-    /*
-     * This informs the driver that we are no longer interested in the result
-     * of in-flight requests, so don't waste the time if possible.
-     *
-     * One example usage is to avoid waiting for an nbd target node reconnect
-     * timeout during job-cancel with force=true.
-     */
-    void (*bdrv_cancel_in_flight)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    /*
-     * Invalidate any cached meta-data.
-     */
-    void coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_invalidate_cache)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                                  Error **errp);
-    int (*bdrv_inactivate)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    /*
-     * Flushes all data for all layers by calling bdrv_co_flush for underlying
-     * layers, if needed. This function is needed for deterministic
-     * synchronization of the flush finishing callback.
-     */
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_flush)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    /* Delete a created file. */
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_delete_file)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                            Error **errp);
-
-    /*
-     * Flushes all data that was already written to the OS all the way down to
-     * the disk (for example file-posix.c calls fsync()).
-     */
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_flush_to_disk)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    /*
-     * Flushes all internal caches to the OS. The data may still sit in a
-     * writeback cache of the host OS, but it will survive a crash of the qemu
-     * process.
-     */
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_flush_to_os)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    /*
-     * Drivers setting this field must be able to work with just a plain
-     * filename with '<protocol_name>:' as a prefix, and no other options.
-     * Options may be extracted from the filename by implementing
-     * bdrv_parse_filename.
-     */
-    const char *protocol_name;
-
-    /*
-     * Truncate @bs to @offset bytes using the given @prealloc mode
-     * when growing.  Modes other than PREALLOC_MODE_OFF should be
-     * rejected when shrinking @bs.
-     *
-     * If @exact is true, @bs must be resized to exactly @offset.
-     * Otherwise, it is sufficient for @bs (if it is a host block
-     * device and thus there is no way to resize it) to be at least
-     * @offset bytes in length.
-     *
-     * If @exact is true and this function fails but would succeed
-     * with @exact = false, it should return -ENOTSUP.
-     */
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_truncate)(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
-                                         bool exact, PreallocMode prealloc,
-                                         BdrvRequestFlags flags, Error **errp);
-
-    int64_t (*bdrv_getlength)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-    bool has_variable_length;
-    int64_t (*bdrv_get_allocated_file_size)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-    BlockMeasureInfo *(*bdrv_measure)(QemuOpts *opts, BlockDriverState *in_bs,
-                                      Error **errp);
-
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov);
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed_part)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset);
-
-    int (*bdrv_snapshot_create)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_info);
-    int (*bdrv_snapshot_goto)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                              const char *snapshot_id);
-    int (*bdrv_snapshot_delete)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                const char *snapshot_id,
-                                const char *name,
-                                Error **errp);
-    int (*bdrv_snapshot_list)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                              QEMUSnapshotInfo **psn_info);
-    int (*bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                  const char *snapshot_id,
-                                  const char *name,
-                                  Error **errp);
-    int (*bdrv_get_info)(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi);
-    ImageInfoSpecific *(*bdrv_get_specific_info)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                                 Error **errp);
-    BlockStatsSpecific *(*bdrv_get_specific_stats)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_save_vmstate)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                          QEMUIOVector *qiov,
-                                          int64_t pos);
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_load_vmstate)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                          QEMUIOVector *qiov,
-                                          int64_t pos);
-
-    int (*bdrv_change_backing_file)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        const char *backing_file, const char *backing_fmt);
-
-    /* removable device specific */
-    bool (*bdrv_is_inserted)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-    void (*bdrv_eject)(BlockDriverState *bs, bool eject_flag);
-    void (*bdrv_lock_medium)(BlockDriverState *bs, bool locked);
-
-    /* to control generic scsi devices */
-    BlockAIOCB *(*bdrv_aio_ioctl)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        unsigned long int req, void *buf,
-        BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque);
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_ioctl)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                      unsigned long int req, void *buf);
-
-    /* List of options for creating images, terminated by name == NULL */
-    QemuOptsList *create_opts;
-
-    /* List of options for image amend */
-    QemuOptsList *amend_opts;
-
-    /*
-     * If this driver supports reopening images this contains a
-     * NULL-terminated list of the runtime options that can be
-     * modified. If an option in this list is unspecified during
-     * reopen then it _must_ be reset to its default value or return
-     * an error.
-     */
-    const char *const *mutable_opts;
-
-    /*
-     * Returns 0 for completed check, -errno for internal errors.
-     * The check results are stored in result.
-     */
-    int coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_check)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                      BdrvCheckResult *result,
-                                      BdrvCheckMode fix);
-
-    void (*bdrv_debug_event)(BlockDriverState *bs, BlkdebugEvent event);
-
-    /* TODO Better pass a option string/QDict/QemuOpts to add any rule? */
-    int (*bdrv_debug_breakpoint)(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *event,
-        const char *tag);
-    int (*bdrv_debug_remove_breakpoint)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        const char *tag);
-    int (*bdrv_debug_resume)(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *tag);
-    bool (*bdrv_debug_is_suspended)(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *tag);
-
-    void (*bdrv_refresh_limits)(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns 1 if newly created images are guaranteed to contain only
-     * zeros, 0 otherwise.
-     */
-    int (*bdrv_has_zero_init)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    /* Remove fd handlers, timers, and other event loop callbacks so the event
-     * loop is no longer in use.  Called with no in-flight requests and in
-     * depth-first traversal order with parents before child nodes.
-     */
-    void (*bdrv_detach_aio_context)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    /* Add fd handlers, timers, and other event loop callbacks so I/O requests
-     * can be processed again.  Called with no in-flight requests and in
-     * depth-first traversal order with child nodes before parent nodes.
-     */
-    void (*bdrv_attach_aio_context)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                    AioContext *new_context);
-
-    /* io queue for linux-aio */
-    void (*bdrv_io_plug)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-    void (*bdrv_io_unplug)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    /**
-     * Try to get @bs's logical and physical block size.
-     * On success, store them in @bsz and return zero.
-     * On failure, return negative errno.
-     */
-    int (*bdrv_probe_blocksizes)(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockSizes *bsz);
-    /**
-     * Try to get @bs's geometry (cyls, heads, sectors)
-     * On success, store them in @geo and return 0.
-     * On failure return -errno.
-     * Only drivers that want to override guest geometry implement this
-     * callback; see hd_geometry_guess().
-     */
-    int (*bdrv_probe_geometry)(BlockDriverState *bs, HDGeometry *geo);
-
-    /**
-     * bdrv_co_drain_begin is called if implemented in the beginning of a
-     * drain operation to drain and stop any internal sources of requests in
-     * the driver.
-     * bdrv_co_drain_end is called if implemented at the end of the drain.
-     *
-     * They should be used by the driver to e.g. manage scheduled I/O
-     * requests, or toggle an internal state. After the end of the drain new
-     * requests will continue normally.
-     */
-    void coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_drain_begin)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-    void coroutine_fn (*bdrv_co_drain_end)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    void (*bdrv_add_child)(BlockDriverState *parent, BlockDriverState *child,
-                           Error **errp);
-    void (*bdrv_del_child)(BlockDriverState *parent, BdrvChild *child,
-                           Error **errp);
-
-    /**
-     * Informs the block driver that a permission change is intended. The
-     * driver checks whether the change is permissible and may take other
-     * preparations for the change (e.g. get file system locks). This operation
-     * is always followed either by a call to either .bdrv_set_perm or
-     * .bdrv_abort_perm_update.
-     *
-     * Checks whether the requested set of cumulative permissions in @perm
-     * can be granted for accessing @bs and whether no other users are using
-     * permissions other than those given in @shared (both arguments take
-     * BLK_PERM_* bitmasks).
-     *
-     * If both conditions are met, 0 is returned. Otherwise, -errno is returned
-     * and errp is set to an error describing the conflict.
-     */
-    int (*bdrv_check_perm)(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t perm,
-                           uint64_t shared, Error **errp);
-
-    /**
-     * Called to inform the driver that the set of cumulative set of used
-     * permissions for @bs has changed to @perm, and the set of sharable
-     * permission to @shared. The driver can use this to propagate changes to
-     * its children (i.e. request permissions only if a parent actually needs
-     * them).
-     *
-     * This function is only invoked after bdrv_check_perm(), so block drivers
-     * may rely on preparations made in their .bdrv_check_perm implementation.
-     */
-    void (*bdrv_set_perm)(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared);
-
-    /*
-     * Called to inform the driver that after a previous bdrv_check_perm()
-     * call, the permission update is not performed and any preparations made
-     * for it (e.g. taken file locks) need to be undone.
-     *
-     * This function can be called even for nodes that never saw a
-     * bdrv_check_perm() call. It is a no-op then.
-     */
-    void (*bdrv_abort_perm_update)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-    /**
-     * Returns in @nperm and @nshared the permissions that the driver for @bs
-     * needs on its child @c, based on the cumulative permissions requested by
-     * the parents in @parent_perm and @parent_shared.
-     *
-     * If @c is NULL, return the permissions for attaching a new child for the
-     * given @child_class and @role.
-     *
-     * If @reopen_queue is non-NULL, don't return the currently needed
-     * permissions, but those that will be needed after applying the
-     * @reopen_queue.
-     */
-     void (*bdrv_child_perm)(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *c,
-                             BdrvChildRole role,
-                             BlockReopenQueue *reopen_queue,
-                             uint64_t parent_perm, uint64_t parent_shared,
-                             uint64_t *nperm, uint64_t *nshared);
-
-    bool (*bdrv_supports_persistent_dirty_bitmap)(BlockDriverState *bs);
-    bool (*bdrv_co_can_store_new_dirty_bitmap)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                               const char *name,
-                                               uint32_t granularity,
-                                               Error **errp);
-    int (*bdrv_co_remove_persistent_dirty_bitmap)(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                                  const char *name,
-                                                  Error **errp);
-
-    /**
-     * Register/unregister a buffer for I/O. For example, when the driver is
-     * interested to know the memory areas that will later be used in iovs, so
-     * that it can do IOMMU mapping with VFIO etc., in order to get better
-     * performance. In the case of VFIO drivers, this callback is used to do
-     * DMA mapping for hot buffers.
-     */
-    void (*bdrv_register_buf)(BlockDriverState *bs, void *host, size_t size);
-    void (*bdrv_unregister_buf)(BlockDriverState *bs, void *host);
-    QLIST_ENTRY(BlockDriver) list;
-
-    /* Pointer to a NULL-terminated array of names of strong options
-     * that can be specified for bdrv_open(). A strong option is one
-     * that changes the data of a BDS.
-     * If this pointer is NULL, the array is considered empty.
-     * "filename" and "driver" are always considered strong. */
-    const char *const *strong_runtime_opts;
-};
-
-static inline bool block_driver_can_compress(BlockDriver *drv)
-{
-    return drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed ||
-           drv->bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed_part;
-}
-
-typedef struct BlockLimits {
-    /* Alignment requirement, in bytes, for offset/length of I/O
-     * requests. Must be a power of 2 less than INT_MAX; defaults to
-     * 1 for drivers with modern byte interfaces, and to 512
-     * otherwise. */
-    uint32_t request_alignment;
-
-    /*
-     * Maximum number of bytes that can be discarded at once. Must be multiple
-     * of pdiscard_alignment, but need not be power of 2. May be 0 if no
-     * inherent 64-bit limit.
-     */
-    int64_t max_pdiscard;
-
-    /* Optimal alignment for discard requests in bytes. A power of 2
-     * is best but not mandatory.  Must be a multiple of
-     * bl.request_alignment, and must be less than max_pdiscard if
-     * that is set. May be 0 if bl.request_alignment is good enough */
-    uint32_t pdiscard_alignment;
-
-    /*
-     * Maximum number of bytes that can zeroized at once. Must be multiple of
-     * pwrite_zeroes_alignment. 0 means no limit.
-     */
-    int64_t max_pwrite_zeroes;
-
-    /* Optimal alignment for write zeroes requests in bytes. A power
-     * of 2 is best but not mandatory.  Must be a multiple of
-     * bl.request_alignment, and must be less than max_pwrite_zeroes
-     * if that is set. May be 0 if bl.request_alignment is good
-     * enough */
-    uint32_t pwrite_zeroes_alignment;
-
-    /* Optimal transfer length in bytes.  A power of 2 is best but not
-     * mandatory.  Must be a multiple of bl.request_alignment, or 0 if
-     * no preferred size */
-    uint32_t opt_transfer;
-
-    /* Maximal transfer length in bytes.  Need not be power of 2, but
-     * must be multiple of opt_transfer and bl.request_alignment, or 0
-     * for no 32-bit limit.  For now, anything larger than INT_MAX is
-     * clamped down. */
-    uint32_t max_transfer;
-
-    /* Maximal hardware transfer length in bytes.  Applies whenever
-     * transfers to the device bypass the kernel I/O scheduler, for
-     * example with SG_IO.  If larger than max_transfer or if zero,
-     * blk_get_max_hw_transfer will fall back to max_transfer.
-     */
-    uint64_t max_hw_transfer;
-
-    /* Maximal number of scatter/gather elements allowed by the hardware.
-     * Applies whenever transfers to the device bypass the kernel I/O
-     * scheduler, for example with SG_IO.  If larger than max_iov
-     * or if zero, blk_get_max_hw_iov will fall back to max_iov.
-     */
-    int max_hw_iov;
-
-    /* memory alignment, in bytes so that no bounce buffer is needed */
-    size_t min_mem_alignment;
-
-    /* memory alignment, in bytes, for bounce buffer */
-    size_t opt_mem_alignment;
-
-    /* maximum number of iovec elements */
-    int max_iov;
-} BlockLimits;
-
-typedef struct BdrvOpBlocker BdrvOpBlocker;
-
-typedef struct BdrvAioNotifier {
-    void (*attached_aio_context)(AioContext *new_context, void *opaque);
-    void (*detach_aio_context)(void *opaque);
-
-    void *opaque;
-    bool deleted;
-
-    QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvAioNotifier) list;
-} BdrvAioNotifier;
-
-struct BdrvChildClass {
-    /* If true, bdrv_replace_node() doesn't change the node this BdrvChild
-     * points to. */
-    bool stay_at_node;
-
-    /* If true, the parent is a BlockDriverState and bdrv_next_all_states()
-     * will return it. This information is used for drain_all, where every node
-     * will be drained separately, so the drain only needs to be propagated to
-     * non-BDS parents. */
-    bool parent_is_bds;
-
-    void (*inherit_options)(BdrvChildRole role, bool parent_is_format,
-                            int *child_flags, QDict *child_options,
-                            int parent_flags, QDict *parent_options);
-
-    void (*change_media)(BdrvChild *child, bool load);
-    void (*resize)(BdrvChild *child);
-
-    /* Returns a name that is supposedly more useful for human users than the
-     * node name for identifying the node in question (in particular, a BB
-     * name), or NULL if the parent can't provide a better name. */
-    const char *(*get_name)(BdrvChild *child);
-
-    /* Returns a malloced string that describes the parent of the child for a
-     * human reader. This could be a node-name, BlockBackend name, qdev ID or
-     * QOM path of the device owning the BlockBackend, job type and ID etc. The
-     * caller is responsible for freeing the memory. */
-    char *(*get_parent_desc)(BdrvChild *child);
-
-    /*
-     * If this pair of functions is implemented, the parent doesn't issue new
-     * requests after returning from .drained_begin() until .drained_end() is
-     * called.
-     *
-     * These functions must not change the graph (and therefore also must not
-     * call aio_poll(), which could change the graph indirectly).
-     *
-     * If drained_end() schedules background operations, it must atomically
-     * increment *drained_end_counter for each such operation and atomically
-     * decrement it once the operation has settled.
-     *
-     * Note that this can be nested. If drained_begin() was called twice, new
-     * I/O is allowed only after drained_end() was called twice, too.
-     */
-    void (*drained_begin)(BdrvChild *child);
-    void (*drained_end)(BdrvChild *child, int *drained_end_counter);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns whether the parent has pending requests for the child. This
-     * callback is polled after .drained_begin() has been called until all
-     * activity on the child has stopped.
-     */
-    bool (*drained_poll)(BdrvChild *child);
-
-    /* Notifies the parent that the child has been activated/inactivated (e.g.
-     * when migration is completing) and it can start/stop requesting
-     * permissions and doing I/O on it. */
-    void (*activate)(BdrvChild *child, Error **errp);
-    int (*inactivate)(BdrvChild *child);
-
-    void (*attach)(BdrvChild *child);
-    void (*detach)(BdrvChild *child);
-
-    /* Notifies the parent that the filename of its child has changed (e.g.
-     * because the direct child was removed from the backing chain), so that it
-     * can update its reference. */
-    int (*update_filename)(BdrvChild *child, BlockDriverState *new_base,
-                           const char *filename, Error **errp);
-
-    bool (*can_set_aio_ctx)(BdrvChild *child, AioContext *ctx,
-                            GSList **ignore, Error **errp);
-    void (*set_aio_ctx)(BdrvChild *child, AioContext *ctx, GSList **ignore);
-
-    AioContext *(*get_parent_aio_context)(BdrvChild *child);
-};
-
-extern const BdrvChildClass child_of_bds;
-
-struct BdrvChild {
-    BlockDriverState *bs;
-    char *name;
-    const BdrvChildClass *klass;
-    BdrvChildRole role;
-    void *opaque;
-
-    /**
-     * Granted permissions for operating on this BdrvChild (BLK_PERM_* bitmask)
-     */
-    uint64_t perm;
-
-    /**
-     * Permissions that can still be granted to other users of @bs while this
-     * BdrvChild is still attached to it. (BLK_PERM_* bitmask)
-     */
-    uint64_t shared_perm;
-
-    /*
-     * This link is frozen: the child can neither be replaced nor
-     * detached from the parent.
-     */
-    bool frozen;
-
-    /*
-     * How many times the parent of this child has been drained
-     * (through klass->drained_*).
-     * Usually, this is equal to bs->quiesce_counter (potentially
-     * reduced by bdrv_drain_all_count).  It may differ while the
-     * child is entering or leaving a drained section.
-     */
-    int parent_quiesce_counter;
-
-    QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvChild) next;
-    QLIST_ENTRY(BdrvChild) next_parent;
-};
-
-/*
- * Allows bdrv_co_block_status() to cache one data region for a
- * protocol node.
- *
- * @valid: Whether the cache is valid (should be accessed with atomic
- *         functions so this can be reset by RCU readers)
- * @data_start: Offset where we know (or strongly assume) is data
- * @data_end: Offset where the data region ends (which is not necessarily
- *            the start of a zeroed region)
- */
-typedef struct BdrvBlockStatusCache {
-    struct rcu_head rcu;
-
-    bool valid;
-    int64_t data_start;
-    int64_t data_end;
-} BdrvBlockStatusCache;
-
-struct BlockDriverState {
-    /* Protected by big QEMU lock or read-only after opening.  No special
-     * locking needed during I/O...
-     */
-    int open_flags; /* flags used to open the file, re-used for re-open */
-    bool encrypted; /* if true, the media is encrypted */
-    bool sg;        /* if true, the device is a /dev/sg* */
-    bool probed;    /* if true, format was probed rather than specified */
-    bool force_share; /* if true, always allow all shared permissions */
-    bool implicit;  /* if true, this filter node was automatically inserted */
-
-    BlockDriver *drv; /* NULL means no media */
-    void *opaque;
-
-    AioContext *aio_context; /* event loop used for fd handlers, timers, etc */
-    /* long-running tasks intended to always use the same AioContext as this
-     * BDS may register themselves in this list to be notified of changes
-     * regarding this BDS's context */
-    QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvAioNotifier) aio_notifiers;
-    bool walking_aio_notifiers; /* to make removal during iteration safe */
-
-    char filename[PATH_MAX];
-    /*
-     * If not empty, this image is a diff in relation to backing_file.
-     * Note that this is the name given in the image header and
-     * therefore may or may not be equal to .backing->bs->filename.
-     * If this field contains a relative path, it is to be resolved
-     * relatively to the overlay's location.
-     */
-    char backing_file[PATH_MAX];
-    /*
-     * The backing filename indicated by the image header.  Contrary
-     * to backing_file, if we ever open this file, auto_backing_file
-     * is replaced by the resulting BDS's filename (i.e. after a
-     * bdrv_refresh_filename() run).
-     */
-    char auto_backing_file[PATH_MAX];
-    char backing_format[16]; /* if non-zero and backing_file exists */
-
-    QDict *full_open_options;
-    char exact_filename[PATH_MAX];
-
-    BdrvChild *backing;
-    BdrvChild *file;
-
-    /* I/O Limits */
-    BlockLimits bl;
-
-    /*
-     * Flags honored during pread
-     */
-    unsigned int supported_read_flags;
-    /* Flags honored during pwrite (so far: BDRV_REQ_FUA,
-     * BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED).
-     * If a driver does not support BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED, those
-     * writes will be issued as normal writes without the flag set.
-     * This is important to note for drivers that do not explicitly
-     * request a WRITE permission for their children and instead take
-     * the same permissions as their parent did (this is commonly what
-     * block filters do).  Such drivers have to be aware that the
-     * parent may have taken a WRITE_UNCHANGED permission only and is
-     * issuing such requests.  Drivers either must make sure that
-     * these requests do not result in plain WRITE accesses (usually
-     * by supporting BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED, and then forwarding
-     * every incoming write request as-is, including potentially that
-     * flag), or they have to explicitly take the WRITE permission for
-     * their children. */
-    unsigned int supported_write_flags;
-    /* Flags honored during pwrite_zeroes (so far: BDRV_REQ_FUA,
-     * BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP, BDRV_REQ_WRITE_UNCHANGED) */
-    unsigned int supported_zero_flags;
-    /*
-     * Flags honoured during truncate (so far: BDRV_REQ_ZERO_WRITE).
-     *
-     * If BDRV_REQ_ZERO_WRITE is given, the truncate operation must make sure
-     * that any added space reads as all zeros. If this can't be guaranteed,
-     * the operation must fail.
-     */
-    unsigned int supported_truncate_flags;
-
-    /* the following member gives a name to every node on the bs graph. */
-    char node_name[32];
-    /* element of the list of named nodes building the graph */
-    QTAILQ_ENTRY(BlockDriverState) node_list;
-    /* element of the list of all BlockDriverStates (all_bdrv_states) */
-    QTAILQ_ENTRY(BlockDriverState) bs_list;
-    /* element of the list of monitor-owned BDS */
-    QTAILQ_ENTRY(BlockDriverState) monitor_list;
-    int refcnt;
-
-    /* operation blockers */
-    QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvOpBlocker) op_blockers[BLOCK_OP_TYPE_MAX];
-
-    /* The node that this node inherited default options from (and a reopen on
-     * which can affect this node by changing these defaults). This is always a
-     * parent node of this node. */
-    BlockDriverState *inherits_from;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvChild) children;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvChild) parents;
-
-    QDict *options;
-    QDict *explicit_options;
-    BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes;
-
-    /* The error object in use for blocking operations on backing_hd */
-    Error *backing_blocker;
-
-    /* Protected by AioContext lock */
-
-    /* If we are reading a disk image, give its size in sectors.
-     * Generally read-only; it is written to by load_snapshot and
-     * save_snaphost, but the block layer is quiescent during those.
-     */
-    int64_t total_sectors;
-
-    /* threshold limit for writes, in bytes. "High water mark". */
-    uint64_t write_threshold_offset;
-
-    /* Writing to the list requires the BQL _and_ the dirty_bitmap_mutex.
-     * Reading from the list can be done with either the BQL or the
-     * dirty_bitmap_mutex.  Modifying a bitmap only requires
-     * dirty_bitmap_mutex.  */
-    QemuMutex dirty_bitmap_mutex;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvDirtyBitmap) dirty_bitmaps;
-
-    /* Offset after the highest byte written to */
-    Stat64 wr_highest_offset;
-
-    /* If true, copy read backing sectors into image.  Can be >1 if more
-     * than one client has requested copy-on-read.  Accessed with atomic
-     * ops.
-     */
-    int copy_on_read;
-
-    /* number of in-flight requests; overall and serialising.
-     * Accessed with atomic ops.
-     */
-    unsigned int in_flight;
-    unsigned int serialising_in_flight;
-
-    /* counter for nested bdrv_io_plug.
-     * Accessed with atomic ops.
-    */
-    unsigned io_plugged;
-
-    /* do we need to tell the quest if we have a volatile write cache? */
-    int enable_write_cache;
-
-    /* Accessed with atomic ops.  */
-    int quiesce_counter;
-    int recursive_quiesce_counter;
-
-    unsigned int write_gen;               /* Current data generation */
-
-    /* Protected by reqs_lock.  */
-    CoMutex reqs_lock;
-    QLIST_HEAD(, BdrvTrackedRequest) tracked_requests;
-    CoQueue flush_queue;                  /* Serializing flush queue */
-    bool active_flush_req;                /* Flush request in flight? */
-
-    /* Only read/written by whoever has set active_flush_req to true.  */
-    unsigned int flushed_gen;             /* Flushed write generation */
-
-    /* BdrvChild links to this node may never be frozen */
-    bool never_freeze;
-
-    /* Lock for block-status cache RCU writers */
-    CoMutex bsc_modify_lock;
-    /* Always non-NULL, but must only be dereferenced under an RCU read guard */
-    BdrvBlockStatusCache *block_status_cache;
-};
-
-struct BlockBackendRootState {
-    int open_flags;
-    BlockdevDetectZeroesOptions detect_zeroes;
-};
-
-typedef enum BlockMirrorBackingMode {
-    /* Reuse the existing backing chain from the source for the target.
-     * - sync=full: Set backing BDS to NULL.
-     * - sync=top:  Use source's backing BDS.
-     * - sync=none: Use source as the backing BDS. */
-    MIRROR_SOURCE_BACKING_CHAIN,
-
-    /* Open the target's backing chain completely anew */
-    MIRROR_OPEN_BACKING_CHAIN,
-
-    /* Do not change the target's backing BDS after job completion */
-    MIRROR_LEAVE_BACKING_CHAIN,
-} BlockMirrorBackingMode;
-
-
-/* Essential block drivers which must always be statically linked into qemu, and
- * which therefore can be accessed without using bdrv_find_format() */
-extern BlockDriver bdrv_file;
-extern BlockDriver bdrv_raw;
-extern BlockDriver bdrv_qcow2;
-
-int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_preadv(BdrvChild *child,
-    int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
-    BdrvRequestFlags flags);
-int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_preadv_part(BdrvChild *child,
-    int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
-    QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset, BdrvRequestFlags flags);
-int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_pwritev(BdrvChild *child,
-    int64_t offset, int64_t bytes, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
-    BdrvRequestFlags flags);
-int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_pwritev_part(BdrvChild *child,
-    int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
-    QEMUIOVector *qiov, size_t qiov_offset, BdrvRequestFlags flags);
-
-static inline int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_pread(BdrvChild *child,
-    int64_t offset, unsigned int bytes, void *buf, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
-{
-    QEMUIOVector qiov = QEMU_IOVEC_INIT_BUF(qiov, buf, bytes);
-
-    return bdrv_co_preadv(child, offset, bytes, &qiov, flags);
-}
-
-static inline int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_pwrite(BdrvChild *child,
-    int64_t offset, unsigned int bytes, void *buf, BdrvRequestFlags flags)
-{
-    QEMUIOVector qiov = QEMU_IOVEC_INIT_BUF(qiov, buf, bytes);
-
-    return bdrv_co_pwritev(child, offset, bytes, &qiov, flags);
-}
-
-extern unsigned int bdrv_drain_all_count;
-void bdrv_apply_subtree_drain(BdrvChild *child, BlockDriverState *new_parent);
-void bdrv_unapply_subtree_drain(BdrvChild *child, BlockDriverState *old_parent);
-
-bool coroutine_fn bdrv_make_request_serialising(BdrvTrackedRequest *req,
-                                                uint64_t align);
-BdrvTrackedRequest *coroutine_fn bdrv_co_get_self_request(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-int get_tmp_filename(char *filename, int size);
-BlockDriver *bdrv_probe_all(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size,
-                            const char *filename);
-
-void bdrv_parse_filename_strip_prefix(const char *filename, const char *prefix,
-                                      QDict *options);
-
-bool bdrv_backing_overridden(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-
-/**
- * bdrv_add_aio_context_notifier:
- *
- * If a long-running job intends to be always run in the same AioContext as a
- * certain BDS, it may use this function to be notified of changes regarding the
- * association of the BDS to an AioContext.
- *
- * attached_aio_context() is called after the target BDS has been attached to a
- * new AioContext; detach_aio_context() is called before the target BDS is being
- * detached from its old AioContext.
- */
-void bdrv_add_aio_context_notifier(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        void (*attached_aio_context)(AioContext *new_context, void *opaque),
-        void (*detach_aio_context)(void *opaque), void *opaque);
-
-/**
- * bdrv_remove_aio_context_notifier:
- *
- * Unsubscribe of change notifications regarding the BDS's AioContext. The
- * parameters given here have to be the same as those given to
- * bdrv_add_aio_context_notifier().
- */
-void bdrv_remove_aio_context_notifier(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                                      void (*aio_context_attached)(AioContext *,
-                                                                   void *),
-                                      void (*aio_context_detached)(void *),
-                                      void *opaque);
-
-/**
- * bdrv_wakeup:
- * @bs: The BlockDriverState for which an I/O operation has been completed.
- *
- * Wake up the main thread if it is waiting on BDRV_POLL_WHILE.  During
- * synchronous I/O on a BlockDriverState that is attached to another
- * I/O thread, the main thread lets the I/O thread's event loop run,
- * waiting for the I/O operation to complete.  A bdrv_wakeup will wake
- * up the main thread if necessary.
- *
- * Manual calls to bdrv_wakeup are rarely necessary, because
- * bdrv_dec_in_flight already calls it.
- */
-void bdrv_wakeup(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-int is_windows_drive(const char *filename);
-#endif
-
-/**
- * stream_start:
- * @job_id: The id of the newly-created job, or %NULL to use the
- * device name of @bs.
- * @bs: Block device to operate on.
- * @base: Block device that will become the new base, or %NULL to
- * flatten the whole backing file chain onto @bs.
- * @backing_file_str: The file name that will be written to @bs as the
- * the new backing file if the job completes. Ignored if @base is %NULL.
- * @creation_flags: Flags that control the behavior of the Job lifetime.
- *                  See @BlockJobCreateFlags
- * @speed: The maximum speed, in bytes per second, or 0 for unlimited.
- * @on_error: The action to take upon error.
- * @filter_node_name: The node name that should be assigned to the filter
- *                    driver that the stream job inserts into the graph above
- *                    @bs. NULL means that a node name should be autogenerated.
- * @errp: Error object.
- *
- * Start a streaming operation on @bs.  Clusters that are unallocated
- * in @bs, but allocated in any image between @base and @bs (both
- * exclusive) will be written to @bs.  At the end of a successful
- * streaming job, the backing file of @bs will be changed to
- * @backing_file_str in the written image and to @base in the live
- * BlockDriverState.
- */
-void stream_start(const char *job_id, BlockDriverState *bs,
-                  BlockDriverState *base, const char *backing_file_str,
-                  BlockDriverState *bottom,
-                  int creation_flags, int64_t speed,
-                  BlockdevOnError on_error,
-                  const char *filter_node_name,
-                  Error **errp);
-
-/**
- * commit_start:
- * @job_id: The id of the newly-created job, or %NULL to use the
- * device name of @bs.
- * @bs: Active block device.
- * @top: Top block device to be committed.
- * @base: Block device that will be written into, and become the new top.
- * @creation_flags: Flags that control the behavior of the Job lifetime.
- *                  See @BlockJobCreateFlags
- * @speed: The maximum speed, in bytes per second, or 0 for unlimited.
- * @on_error: The action to take upon error.
- * @backing_file_str: String to use as the backing file in @top's overlay
- * @filter_node_name: The node name that should be assigned to the filter
- * driver that the commit job inserts into the graph above @top. NULL means
- * that a node name should be autogenerated.
- * @errp: Error object.
- *
- */
-void commit_start(const char *job_id, BlockDriverState *bs,
-                  BlockDriverState *base, BlockDriverState *top,
-                  int creation_flags, int64_t speed,
-                  BlockdevOnError on_error, const char *backing_file_str,
-                  const char *filter_node_name, Error **errp);
-/**
- * commit_active_start:
- * @job_id: The id of the newly-created job, or %NULL to use the
- * device name of @bs.
- * @bs: Active block device to be committed.
- * @base: Block device that will be written into, and become the new top.
- * @creation_flags: Flags that control the behavior of the Job lifetime.
- *                  See @BlockJobCreateFlags
- * @speed: The maximum speed, in bytes per second, or 0 for unlimited.
- * @on_error: The action to take upon error.
- * @filter_node_name: The node name that should be assigned to the filter
- * driver that the commit job inserts into the graph above @bs. NULL means that
- * a node name should be autogenerated.
- * @cb: Completion function for the job.
- * @opaque: Opaque pointer value passed to @cb.
- * @auto_complete: Auto complete the job.
- * @errp: Error object.
- *
- */
-BlockJob *commit_active_start(const char *job_id, BlockDriverState *bs,
-                              BlockDriverState *base, int creation_flags,
-                              int64_t speed, BlockdevOnError on_error,
-                              const char *filter_node_name,
-                              BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque,
-                              bool auto_complete, Error **errp);
-/*
- * mirror_start:
- * @job_id: The id of the newly-created job, or %NULL to use the
- * device name of @bs.
- * @bs: Block device to operate on.
- * @target: Block device to write to.
- * @replaces: Block graph node name to replace once the mirror is done. Can
- *            only be used when full mirroring is selected.
- * @creation_flags: Flags that control the behavior of the Job lifetime.
- *                  See @BlockJobCreateFlags
- * @speed: The maximum speed, in bytes per second, or 0 for unlimited.
- * @granularity: The chosen granularity for the dirty bitmap.
- * @buf_size: The amount of data that can be in flight at one time.
- * @mode: Whether to collapse all images in the chain to the target.
- * @backing_mode: How to establish the target's backing chain after completion.
- * @zero_target: Whether the target should be explicitly zero-initialized
- * @on_source_error: The action to take upon error reading from the source.
- * @on_target_error: The action to take upon error writing to the target.
- * @unmap: Whether to unmap target where source sectors only contain zeroes.
- * @filter_node_name: The node name that should be assigned to the filter
- * driver that the mirror job inserts into the graph above @bs. NULL means that
- * a node name should be autogenerated.
- * @copy_mode: When to trigger writes to the target.
- * @errp: Error object.
- *
- * Start a mirroring operation on @bs.  Clusters that are allocated
- * in @bs will be written to @target until the job is cancelled or
- * manually completed.  At the end of a successful mirroring job,
- * @bs will be switched to read from @target.
- */
-void mirror_start(const char *job_id, BlockDriverState *bs,
-                  BlockDriverState *target, const char *replaces,
-                  int creation_flags, int64_t speed,
-                  uint32_t granularity, int64_t buf_size,
-                  MirrorSyncMode mode, BlockMirrorBackingMode backing_mode,
-                  bool zero_target,
-                  BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
-                  BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
-                  bool unmap, const char *filter_node_name,
-                  MirrorCopyMode copy_mode, Error **errp);
-
-/*
- * backup_job_create:
- * @job_id: The id of the newly-created job, or %NULL to use the
- * device name of @bs.
- * @bs: Block device to operate on.
- * @target: Block device to write to.
- * @speed: The maximum speed, in bytes per second, or 0 for unlimited.
- * @sync_mode: What parts of the disk image should be copied to the destination.
- * @sync_bitmap: The dirty bitmap if sync_mode is 'bitmap' or 'incremental'
- * @bitmap_mode: The bitmap synchronization policy to use.
- * @perf: Performance options. All actual fields assumed to be present,
- *        all ".has_*" fields are ignored.
- * @on_source_error: The action to take upon error reading from the source.
- * @on_target_error: The action to take upon error writing to the target.
- * @creation_flags: Flags that control the behavior of the Job lifetime.
- *                  See @BlockJobCreateFlags
- * @cb: Completion function for the job.
- * @opaque: Opaque pointer value passed to @cb.
- * @txn: Transaction that this job is part of (may be NULL).
- *
- * Create a backup operation on @bs.  Clusters in @bs are written to @target
- * until the job is cancelled or manually completed.
- */
-BlockJob *backup_job_create(const char *job_id, BlockDriverState *bs,
-                            BlockDriverState *target, int64_t speed,
-                            MirrorSyncMode sync_mode,
-                            BdrvDirtyBitmap *sync_bitmap,
-                            BitmapSyncMode bitmap_mode,
-                            bool compress,
-                            const char *filter_node_name,
-                            BackupPerf *perf,
-                            BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
-                            BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
-                            int creation_flags,
-                            BlockCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque,
-                            JobTxn *txn, Error **errp);
-
-BdrvChild *bdrv_root_attach_child(BlockDriverState *child_bs,
-                                  const char *child_name,
-                                  const BdrvChildClass *child_class,
-                                  BdrvChildRole child_role,
-                                  uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared_perm,
-                                  void *opaque, Error **errp);
-void bdrv_root_unref_child(BdrvChild *child);
-
-void bdrv_get_cumulative_perm(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t *perm,
-                              uint64_t *shared_perm);
-
-/**
- * Sets a BdrvChild's permissions.  Avoid if the parent is a BDS; use
- * bdrv_child_refresh_perms() instead and make the parent's
- * .bdrv_child_perm() implementation return the correct values.
- */
-int bdrv_child_try_set_perm(BdrvChild *c, uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared,
-                            Error **errp);
-
-/**
- * Calls bs->drv->bdrv_child_perm() and updates the child's permission
- * masks with the result.
- * Drivers should invoke this function whenever an event occurs that
- * makes their .bdrv_child_perm() implementation return different
- * values than before, but which will not result in the block layer
- * automatically refreshing the permissions.
- */
-int bdrv_child_refresh_perms(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *c, Error **errp);
-
-bool bdrv_recurse_can_replace(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                              BlockDriverState *to_replace);
-
-/*
- * Default implementation for BlockDriver.bdrv_child_perm() that can
- * be used by block filters and image formats, as long as they use the
- * child_of_bds child class and set an appropriate BdrvChildRole.
- */
-void bdrv_default_perms(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *c,
-                        BdrvChildRole role, BlockReopenQueue *reopen_queue,
-                        uint64_t perm, uint64_t shared,
-                        uint64_t *nperm, uint64_t *nshared);
-
-const char *bdrv_get_parent_name(const BlockDriverState *bs);
-void blk_dev_change_media_cb(BlockBackend *blk, bool load, Error **errp);
-bool blk_dev_has_removable_media(BlockBackend *blk);
-bool blk_dev_has_tray(BlockBackend *blk);
-void blk_dev_eject_request(BlockBackend *blk, bool force);
-bool blk_dev_is_tray_open(BlockBackend *blk);
-bool blk_dev_is_medium_locked(BlockBackend *blk);
-
-void bdrv_set_dirty(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes);
-
-void bdrv_clear_dirty_bitmap(BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap, HBitmap **out);
-void bdrv_restore_dirty_bitmap(BdrvDirtyBitmap *bitmap, HBitmap *backup);
-bool bdrv_dirty_bitmap_merge_internal(BdrvDirtyBitmap *dest,
-                                      const BdrvDirtyBitmap *src,
-                                      HBitmap **backup, bool lock);
-
-void bdrv_inc_in_flight(BlockDriverState *bs);
-void bdrv_dec_in_flight(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-void blockdev_close_all_bdrv_states(void);
-
-int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_copy_range_from(BdrvChild *src, int64_t src_offset,
-                                         BdrvChild *dst, int64_t dst_offset,
-                                         int64_t bytes,
-                                         BdrvRequestFlags read_flags,
-                                         BdrvRequestFlags write_flags);
-int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_copy_range_to(BdrvChild *src, int64_t src_offset,
-                                       BdrvChild *dst, int64_t dst_offset,
-                                       int64_t bytes,
-                                       BdrvRequestFlags read_flags,
-                                       BdrvRequestFlags write_flags);
-
-int refresh_total_sectors(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t hint);
-
-void bdrv_set_monitor_owned(BlockDriverState *bs);
-BlockDriverState *bds_tree_init(QDict *bs_opts, Error **errp);
-
-/**
- * Simple implementation of bdrv_co_create_opts for protocol drivers
- * which only support creation via opening a file
- * (usually existing raw storage device)
- */
-int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_create_opts_simple(BlockDriver *drv,
-                                            const char *filename,
-                                            QemuOpts *opts,
-                                            Error **errp);
-extern QemuOptsList bdrv_create_opts_simple;
-
-BdrvDirtyBitmap *block_dirty_bitmap_lookup(const char *node,
-                                           const char *name,
-                                           BlockDriverState **pbs,
-                                           Error **errp);
-BdrvDirtyBitmap *block_dirty_bitmap_merge(const char *node, const char *target,
-                                          BlockDirtyBitmapMergeSourceList *bms,
-                                          HBitmap **backup, Error **errp);
-BdrvDirtyBitmap *block_dirty_bitmap_remove(const char *node, const char *name,
-                                           bool release,
-                                           BlockDriverState **bitmap_bs,
-                                           Error **errp);
-
-BdrvChild *bdrv_cow_child(BlockDriverState *bs);
-BdrvChild *bdrv_filter_child(BlockDriverState *bs);
-BdrvChild *bdrv_filter_or_cow_child(BlockDriverState *bs);
-BdrvChild *bdrv_primary_child(BlockDriverState *bs);
-BlockDriverState *bdrv_skip_implicit_filters(BlockDriverState *bs);
-BlockDriverState *bdrv_skip_filters(BlockDriverState *bs);
-BlockDriverState *bdrv_backing_chain_next(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-static inline BlockDriverState *child_bs(BdrvChild *child)
-{
-    return child ? child->bs : NULL;
-}
-
-static inline BlockDriverState *bdrv_cow_bs(BlockDriverState *bs)
-{
-    return child_bs(bdrv_cow_child(bs));
-}
-
-static inline BlockDriverState *bdrv_filter_bs(BlockDriverState *bs)
-{
-    return child_bs(bdrv_filter_child(bs));
-}
-
-static inline BlockDriverState *bdrv_filter_or_cow_bs(BlockDriverState *bs)
-{
-    return child_bs(bdrv_filter_or_cow_child(bs));
-}
-
-static inline BlockDriverState *bdrv_primary_bs(BlockDriverState *bs)
-{
-    return child_bs(bdrv_primary_child(bs));
-}
-
-/**
- * End all quiescent sections started by bdrv_drain_all_begin(). This is
- * needed when deleting a BDS before bdrv_drain_all_end() is called.
- *
- * NOTE: this is an internal helper for bdrv_close() *only*. No one else
- * should call it.
- */
-void bdrv_drain_all_end_quiesce(BlockDriverState *bs);
-
-/**
- * Check whether the given offset is in the cached block-status data
- * region.
- *
- * If it is, and @pnum is not NULL, *pnum is set to
- * `bsc.data_end - offset`, i.e. how many bytes, starting from
- * @offset, are data (according to the cache).
- * Otherwise, *pnum is not touched.
- */
-bool bdrv_bsc_is_data(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t *pnum);
-
-/**
- * If [offset, offset + bytes) overlaps with the currently cached
- * block-status region, invalidate the cache.
- *
- * (To be used by I/O paths that cause data regions to be zero or
- * holes.)
- */
-void bdrv_bsc_invalidate_range(BlockDriverState *bs,
-                               int64_t offset, int64_t bytes);
-
-/**
- * Mark the range [offset, offset + bytes) as a data region.
- */
-void bdrv_bsc_fill(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes);
+/* DO NOT ADD ANYTHING IN HERE. USE ONE OF THE HEADERS INCLUDED ABOVE */
 
 #endif /* BLOCK_INT_H */
