diff --git a/Makefile.objs b/Makefile.objs
index f07fb01..5b52625 100644
--- a/Makefile.objs
+++ b/Makefile.objs
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ hw-obj-$(CONFIG_FDC) += fdc.o
 hw-obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI) += acpi.o acpi_piix4.o
 hw-obj-$(CONFIG_APM) += pm_smbus.o apm.o
 hw-obj-$(CONFIG_DMA) += dma.o
+hw-obj-$(CONFIG_SMARTCARD) += usb-ccid.o
 
 # PPC devices
 hw-obj-$(CONFIG_OPENPIC) += openpic.o
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index f62c1fe..15aee9e 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -332,6 +332,7 @@ zero_malloc=""
 trace_backend="nop"
 trace_file="trace"
 spice=""
+smartcard="no"
 
 # OS specific
 if check_define __linux__ ; then
@@ -739,6 +740,10 @@ for opt do
   ;;
   --enable-vhost-net) vhost_net="yes"
   ;;
+  --disable-smartcard) smartcard="no"
+  ;;
+  --enable-smartcard) smartcard="yes"
+  ;;
   --*dir)
   ;;
   *) echo "ERROR: unknown option $opt"; show_help="yes"
@@ -934,6 +939,8 @@ echo "  --trace-file=NAME        Full PATH,NAME of file to store traces"
 echo "                           Default:trace-<pid>"
 echo "  --disable-spice          disable spice"
 echo "  --enable-spice           enable spice"
+echo "  --disable-smartcard      disable smartcard support"
+echo "  --enable-smartcard       enable smartcard support"
 echo ""
 echo "NOTE: The object files are built at the place where configure is launched"
 exit 1
@@ -2338,6 +2345,7 @@ echo "vhost-net support $vhost_net"
 echo "Trace backend     $trace_backend"
 echo "Trace output file $trace_file-<pid>"
 echo "spice support     $spice"
+echo "smartcard support $smartcard"
 
 if test $sdl_too_old = "yes"; then
 echo "-> Your SDL version is too old - please upgrade to have SDL support"
@@ -2601,6 +2609,10 @@ if test "$spice" = "yes" ; then
   echo "CONFIG_SPICE=y" >> $config_host_mak
 fi
 
+if test "$smartcard" = "yes" ; then
+  echo "CONFIG_SMARTCARD=y" >> $config_host_mak
+fi
+
 # XXX: suppress that
 if [ "$bsd" = "yes" ] ; then
   echo "CONFIG_BSD=y" >> $config_host_mak
diff --git a/hw/ccid.h b/hw/ccid.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a38f971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/ccid.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#ifndef __CCID_H__
+#define __CCID_H__
+
+#include "qdev.h"
+
+typedef struct CCIDCardState CCIDCardState;
+typedef struct CCIDCardInfo CCIDCardInfo;
+
+struct CCIDCardState {
+    DeviceState qdev;
+};
+
+struct CCIDCardInfo {
+    DeviceInfo qdev;
+    void (*print)(Monitor *mon, CCIDCardState *card, int indent);
+    const uint8_t *(*get_atr)(CCIDCardState *card, uint32_t *len);
+    void (*apdu_from_guest)(CCIDCardState *card, const uint8_t *apdu, uint32_t len);
+    int (*exitfn)(CCIDCardState *card);
+    int (*initfn)(CCIDCardState *card);
+};
+
+void ccid_card_send_apdu_to_guest(CCIDCardState *card, uint8_t* apdu, uint32_t len);
+void ccid_card_card_removed(CCIDCardState *card);
+void ccid_card_card_inserted(CCIDCardState *card);
+void ccid_card_card_error(CCIDCardState *card, uint64_t error);
+void ccid_card_qdev_register(CCIDCardInfo *card);
+
+/* support guest visible insertion/removal of ccid devices based on actual
+ * devices connected/removed. Called by card implementation (passthru, local) */
+int ccid_card_ccid_attach(CCIDCardState *card);
+void ccid_card_ccid_detach(CCIDCardState *card);
+
+#endif // __CCID_H__
+
diff --git a/hw/usb-ccid.c b/hw/usb-ccid.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..157405a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/usb-ccid.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1346 @@
+/*
+ * CCID Device emulation
+ *
+ * Based on usb-serial.c:
+ * Copyright (c) 2006 CodeSourcery.
+ * Copyright (c) 2008 Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
+ * Written by Paul Brook, reused for FTDI by Samuel Thibault,
+ * Reused for CCID by Alon Levy.
+ * Contributed to by Robert Relyea
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 Red Hat.
+ *
+ * This code is licenced under the LGPL.
+ */
+
+/* References:
+ *
+ * CCID Specification Revision 1.1 April 22nd 2005
+ *  "Universal Serial Bus, Device Class: Smart Card"
+ *  Specification for Integrated Circuit(s) Cards Interface Devices
+ *
+ * KNOWN BUGS
+ * 1. remove/insert can sometimes result in removed state instead of inserted.
+ * This is a result of the following:
+ *  symptom: dmesg shows ERMOTEIO (-121), pcscd shows -99. Thsi happens
+ *  when we send a too short packet, seen in uhci-usb.c, resulting from
+ *  a urb requesting SPD and us returning a smaller packet.
+ *  Not sure which messages trigger this.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu-common.h"
+#include "qemu-error.h"
+#include "usb.h"
+#include "monitor.h"
+
+#include "hw/ccid.h"
+
+//#define DEBUG_CCID
+
+#define DPRINTF(s, lvl, fmt, ...) \
+do { if (lvl <= s->debug) { printf("usb-ccid: " fmt , ## __VA_ARGS__); } } while (0)
+
+#define CCID_DEV_NAME "usb-ccid"
+
+/* The two options for variable sized buffers:
+ * make them constant size, for large enough constant,
+ * or handle the migration complexity - VMState doesn't handle this case.
+ * sizes are expected never to be exceeded, unless client misbehaves. */
+#define BULK_OUT_DATA_SIZE 65536
+#define PENDING_ANSWERS_NUM 128
+
+#define BULK_IN_BUF_SIZE 384
+#define BULK_IN_PENDING_NUM 8
+
+#define InterfaceOutClass    ((USB_DIR_OUT|USB_TYPE_CLASS|USB_RECIP_INTERFACE)<<8)
+#define InterfaceInClass     ((USB_DIR_IN |USB_TYPE_CLASS|USB_RECIP_INTERFACE)<<8)
+
+#define CCID_CONTROL_ABORT                  0x1
+#define CCID_CONTROL_GET_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES  0x2
+#define CCID_CONTROL_GET_DATA_RATES         0x3
+
+#define CCID_PRODUCT_DESCRIPTION        "QEMU USB CCID"
+#define CCID_VENDOR_DESCRIPTION         "QEMU " QEMU_VERSION
+#define CCID_INTERFACE_NAME             "CCID Interface"
+#define CCID_SERIAL_NUMBER_STRING       "1"
+/* Using Gemplus Vendor and Product id
+  Effect on various drivers:
+  * usbccid.sys (winxp, others untested) is a class driver so it doesn't care.
+  * linux has a number of class drivers, but openct filters based on
+    vendor/product (/etc/openct.conf under fedora), hence Gemplus.
+ */
+#define CCID_VENDOR_ID                  0x08e6
+#define CCID_PRODUCT_ID                 0x4433
+#define CCID_DEVICE_VERSION             0x0000
+
+/* BULK_OUT messages from PC to Reader
+   Defined in CCID Rev 1.1 6.1 (page 26)
+ */
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_IccPowerOn              0x62
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_IccPowerOff             0x63
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_GetSlotStatus           0x65
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_XfrBlock                0x6f
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_GetParameters           0x6c
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_ResetParameters         0x6d
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_SetParameters           0x61
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_Escape                  0x6b
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_IccClock                0x6e
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_T0APDU                  0x6a
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_Secure                  0x69
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_Mechanical              0x71
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_Abort                   0x72
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_SetDataRateAndClockFrequency 0x73
+
+/* BULK_IN messages from Reader to PC
+   Defined in CCID Rev 1.1 6.2 (page 48)
+ */
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_RDR_to_PC_DataBlock               0x80
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_RDR_to_PC_SlotStatus              0x81
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_RDR_to_PC_Parameters              0x82
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_RDR_to_PC_Escape                  0x83
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_RDR_to_PC_DataRateAndClockFrequency 0x84
+
+/* INTERRUPT_IN messages from Reader to PC
+   Defined in CCID Rev 1.1 6.3 (page 56)
+ */
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_RDR_to_PC_NotifySlotChange        0x50
+#define CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_RDR_to_PC_HardwareError           0x51
+
+/* Endpoints for CCID - addresses are up to us to decide.
+   To support slot insertion and removal we must have an interrupt in ep
+   in addition we need a bulk in and bulk out ep
+   5.2, page 20
+ */
+#define CCID_INT_IN_EP       1
+#define CCID_BULK_IN_EP      2
+#define CCID_BULK_OUT_EP     3
+
+/* bmSlotICCState masks */
+#define SLOT_0_STATE_MASK    1
+#define SLOT_0_CHANGED_MASK  2
+
+/* Status codes that go in bStatus (see 6.2.6) */
+enum {
+    ICC_STATUS_PRESENT_ACTIVE = 0,
+    ICC_STATUS_PRESENT_INACTIVE,
+    ICC_STATUS_NOT_PRESENT
+};
+
+enum {
+    COMMAND_STATUS_NO_ERROR = 0,
+    COMMAND_STATUS_FAILED,
+    COMMAND_STATUS_TIME_EXTENSION_REQUIRED
+};
+
+/* Error codes that go in bError (see 6.2.6)
+ */
+enum {
+    ERROR_CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED = 0,
+    ERROR_CMD_ABORTED       = -1,
+    ERROR_ICC_MUTE          = -2,
+    ERROR_XFR_PARITY_ERROR  = -3,
+    ERROR_XFR_OVERRUN       = -4,
+    ERROR_HW_ERROR          = -5,
+};
+
+/* 6.2.6 RDR_to_PC_SlotStatus definitions */
+enum {
+    CLOCK_STATUS_RUNNING = 0,
+    /* 0 - Clock Running, 1 - Clock stopped in State L, 2 - H,
+       3 - unkonwn state. rest are RFU
+     */
+};
+
+typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {
+    uint8_t     bMessageType;
+    uint32_t    dwLength;
+    uint8_t     bSlot;
+    uint8_t     bSeq;
+} CCID_Header;
+
+typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {
+    CCID_Header hdr;
+    uint8_t     bStatus;        /* Only used in BULK_IN */
+    uint8_t     bError;         /* Only used in BULK_IN */
+} CCID_BULK_IN;
+
+typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {
+    CCID_BULK_IN b;
+    uint8_t     bClockStatus;
+} CCID_SlotStatus;
+
+typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {
+    CCID_BULK_IN b;
+    uint8_t     bProtocolNum;
+    uint8_t     abProtocolDataStructure[0];
+} CCID_Parameter;
+
+typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {
+    CCID_BULK_IN b;
+    uint8_t      bChainParameter;
+    uint8_t      abData[0];
+} CCID_DataBlock;
+
+/* 6.1.4 PC_to_RDR_XfrBlock */
+typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {
+    CCID_Header  hdr;
+    uint8_t      bBWI; /* Block Waiting Timeout */
+    uint16_t     wLevelParameter;
+    uint8_t      abData[0];
+} CCID_XferBlock;
+
+typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {
+    CCID_Header hdr;
+    uint8_t     bPowerSelect;
+    uint16_t    abRFU;
+} CCID_IccPowerOn;
+
+typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {
+    CCID_Header hdr;
+    uint16_t    abRFU;
+} CCID_IccPowerOff;
+
+typedef struct __attribute__ ((__packed__)) {
+    CCID_Header hdr;
+    uint8_t     bProtocolNum;
+    uint8_t    abProtocolDataStructure[0];
+} CCID_SetParameter;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t     bMessageType; /* CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_RDR_to_PC_NotifySlotChange */
+    uint8_t     bmSlotICCState;
+} CCID_Notify_Slot_Change;
+
+/* used for DataBlock response to XferBlock */
+typedef struct answer_t {
+    uint8_t slot;
+    uint8_t seq;
+} answer_t;
+
+/* pending BULK_IN messages */
+typedef struct bulk_in_t {
+    uint8_t  data[BULK_IN_BUF_SIZE];
+    uint32_t len;
+    uint32_t pos;
+} bulk_in_t;
+
+enum {
+    MIGRATION_NONE,
+    MIGRATION_MIGRATED,
+};
+
+typedef struct CCIDBus CCIDBus;
+typedef struct USBCCIDState USBCCIDState;
+
+#define MAX_PROTOCOL_SIZE   7
+
+/**
+ * powered - defaults to true, changed by PowerOn/PowerOff messages
+ */
+struct USBCCIDState {
+    USBDevice dev;
+    CCIDBus *bus;
+    CCIDCardState *card;
+    CCIDCardInfo *cardinfo; /* caching the info pointer */
+    uint8_t  debug;
+    uint8_t  auto_attach;
+    bulk_in_t bulk_in_pending[BULK_IN_PENDING_NUM]; /* circular */
+    uint32_t bulk_in_pending_start;
+    uint32_t bulk_in_pending_end; /* first free */
+    uint32_t bulk_in_pending_num;
+    bulk_in_t *current_bulk_in;
+    uint8_t  bulk_out_data[BULK_OUT_DATA_SIZE];
+    uint32_t bulk_out_pos;
+    uint8_t  bmSlotICCState;
+    uint8_t  powered;
+    uint8_t  notify_slot_change;
+    uint64_t last_answer_error;
+    answer_t pending_answers[PENDING_ANSWERS_NUM];
+    uint32_t pending_answers_start;
+    uint32_t pending_answers_end;
+    uint32_t pending_answers_num;
+    uint8_t  bError;
+    uint8_t  bmCommandStatus;
+    uint8_t  bProtocolNum;
+    uint8_t  abProtocolDataStructure[MAX_PROTOCOL_SIZE];
+    uint32_t ulProtocolDataStructureSize;
+    uint8_t  attached_vmstate;
+    uint32_t state_vmstate;
+    uint8_t  migration_state;
+    uint32_t migration_target_ip;
+    uint16_t migration_target_port;
+};
+
+/* Slot specific variables. We emulate a single slot card reader.
+ */
+
+
+/* CCID Spec chapter 4: CCID uses a standard device descriptor per Chapter 9,
+ * "USB Device Framework", section 9.6.1, in the Universal Serial Bus
+ * Specification.
+ *
+ * This device implemented based on the spec and with an Athena Smart Card
+ * Reader as reference:
+ *   0dc3:1004 Athena Smartcard Solutions, Inc.
+ */
+
+static const uint8_t qemu_ccid_dev_descriptor[] = {
+        0x12,       /*  u8 bLength; */
+        USB_DT_DEVICE, /*  u8 bDescriptorType; Device */
+        0x10, 0x01, /*  u16 bcdUSB; v1.1 */
+
+        0x00,       /*  u8  bDeviceClass; */
+        0x00,       /*  u8  bDeviceSubClass; */
+        0x00,       /*  u8  bDeviceProtocol; [ low/full speeds only ] */
+        0x40,       /*  u8  bMaxPacketSize0; 8 Bytes (valid: 8,16,32,64) */
+
+        /* Vendor and product id are arbitrary.  */
+                    /*  u16 idVendor  */
+        CCID_VENDOR_ID & 0xff, CCID_VENDOR_ID >> 8,
+                    /*  u16 idProduct */
+        CCID_PRODUCT_ID & 0xff, CCID_PRODUCT_ID >> 8,
+                    /*  u16 bcdDevice */
+        CCID_DEVICE_VERSION & 0xff, CCID_DEVICE_VERSION >> 8,
+        0x01,       /*  u8  iManufacturer; */
+        0x02,       /*  u8  iProduct; */
+        0x03,       /*  u8  iSerialNumber; */
+        0x01,       /*  u8  bNumConfigurations; */
+};
+
+static const uint8_t qemu_ccid_config_descriptor[] = {
+
+        /* one configuration */
+        0x09,       /*  u8  bLength; */
+        USB_DT_CONFIG, /*  u8  bDescriptorType; Configuration */
+        0x5d, 0x00, /*  u16 wTotalLength; 9+9+54+7+7+7 */
+        0x01,       /*  u8  bNumInterfaces; (1) */
+        0x01,       /*  u8  bConfigurationValue; */
+        0x00,       /*  u8  iConfiguration; */
+        0xe0,       /*  u8  bmAttributes;
+                                 Bit 7: must be set,
+                                     6: Self-powered,
+                                     5: Remote wakeup,
+                                     4..0: resvd */
+        100/2,      /*  u8  MaxPower; 50 == 100mA */
+
+        /* one interface */
+        0x09,       /*  u8  if_bLength; */
+        USB_DT_INTERFACE, /*  u8  if_bDescriptorType; Interface */
+        0x00,       /*  u8  if_bInterfaceNumber; */
+        0x00,       /*  u8  if_bAlternateSetting; */
+        0x03,       /*  u8  if_bNumEndpoints; */
+        0x0b,       /*  u8  if_bInterfaceClass; Smart Card Device Class */
+        0x00,       /*  u8  if_bInterfaceSubClass; Subclass code */
+        0x00,       /*  u8  if_bInterfaceProtocol; Protocol code */
+        0x04,       /*  u8  if_iInterface; Index of string descriptor */
+
+        /* Smart Card Device Class Descriptor */
+        0x36,       /*  u8  bLength; */
+        0x21,       /*  u8  bDescriptorType; Functional */
+        0x10, 0x01, /*  u16 bcdCCID; CCID Specification Release Number. */
+        0x00,       /*  u8  bMaxSlotIndex; The index of the highest available
+                        slot on this device. All slots are consecutive starting
+                        at 00h. */
+        0x07,       /*  u8  bVoltageSupport; 01h - 5.0v, 02h - 3.0, 03 - 1.8 */
+
+        0x03, 0x00, /*  u32 dwProtocols; RRRR PPPP. RRRR = 0000h.*/
+        0x00, 0x00, /*  PPPP: 0001h = Protocol T=0, 0002h = Protocol T=1 */
+                    /*  u32 dwDefaultClock; in kHZ (0x0fa0 is 4 MHz) */
+        0xa0, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00,
+                    /*  u32 dwMaximumClock; */
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+        0x00,       /*  u8 bNumClockSupported; 0 means just the default and max. */
+                    /*  u32 dwDataRate ;bps. 9600 == 00002580h */
+        0x80, 0x25, 0x00, 0x00,
+                    /*  u32 dwMaxDataRate ; 11520 bps == 0001C200h */
+        0x00, 0xC2, 0x01, 0x00,
+        0x00,       /*  u8  bNumDataRatesSupported; 00 means all rates between
+                     *      default and max */
+                    /*  u32 dwMaxIFSD; maximum IFSD supported by CCID for protocol
+                     *      T=1 (Maximum seen from various cards) */
+        0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                    /*  u32 dwSyncProtocols; 1 - 2-wire, 2 - 3-wire, 4 - I2C */
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                    /*  u32 dwMechanical;  0 - no special characteristics. */
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                    /*  u32 dwFeatures;
+                     *  0 - No special characteristics
+                     *  + 2 Automatic parameter configuration based on ATR data
+                     *  + 4 Automatic activation of ICC on inserting
+                     *  + 8 Automatic ICC voltage selection
+                     *  + 10 Automatic ICC clock frequency change
+                     *  + 20 Automatic baud rate change
+                     *  + 40 Automatic parameters negotiation made by the CCID
+                     *  + 80 automatic PPS made by the CCID
+                     *  100 CCID can set ICC in clock stop mode
+                     *  200 NAD value other then 00 accepted (T=1 protocol)
+                     *  + 400 Automatic IFSD exchange as first exchange (T=1)
+                     *  One of the following only:
+                     *  + 10000 TPDU level exchanges with CCID
+                     *  20000 Short APDU level exchange with CCID
+                     *  40000 Short and Extended APDU level exchange with CCID
+                     *
+                     *  + 100000 USB Wake up signaling supported on card insertion
+                     *  and removal. Must set bit 5 in bmAttributes in Configuration
+                     *  descriptor if 100000 is set.*/
+        0xfe, 0x04, 0x11, 0x00,
+                    /*  u32 dwMaxCCIDMessageLength; For extended APDU in [261 + 10
+                     *  , 65544 + 10]. Otherwise the minimum is wMaxPacketSize of
+                     *  the Bulk-OUT endpoint */
+        0x12, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+        0xFF,       /*  u8  bClassGetResponse; Significant only for CCID that
+                     *  offers an APDU level for exchanges. Indicates the default
+                     *  class value used by the CCID when it sends a Get Response
+                     *  command to perform the transportation of an APDU by T=0
+                     *  protocol
+                     *  FFh indicates that the CCID echos the class of the APDU.
+                     */
+        0xFF,       /*  u8  bClassEnvelope; EAPDU only. Envelope command for T=0 */
+        0x00, 0x00, /*  u16 wLcdLayout; XXYY Number of lines (XX) and chars per
+                     *  line for LCD display used for PIN entry. 0000 - no LCD */
+        0x01,       /*  u8  bPINSupport; 01h PIN Verification,
+                     *                   02h PIN Modification */
+        0x01,       /*  u8  bMaxCCIDBusySlots; */
+
+        /* Interrupt-IN endpoint */
+        0x07,       /*  u8  ep_bLength; */
+                    /*  u8  ep_bDescriptorType; Endpoint */
+        USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+                    /*  u8  ep_bEndpointAddress; IN Endpoint 1 */
+        0x80 | CCID_INT_IN_EP,
+        0x03,       /*  u8  ep_bmAttributes; Interrupt */
+        0x40, 0x00, /*  u16 ep_wMaxPacketSize; */
+        0xff,       /*  u8  ep_bInterval; */
+
+        /* Bulk-In endpoint */
+        0x07,       /*  u8  ep_bLength; */
+                    /*  u8  ep_bDescriptorType; Endpoint */
+        USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+                    /*  u8  ep_bEndpointAddress; IN Endpoint 2 */
+        0x80 | CCID_BULK_IN_EP,
+        0x02,       /*  u8  ep_bmAttributes; Bulk */
+        0x40, 0x00, /*  u16 ep_wMaxPacketSize; */
+        0x00,       /*  u8  ep_bInterval; */
+
+        /* Bulk-Out endpoint */
+        0x07,       /*  u8  ep_bLength; */
+                    /*  u8  ep_bDescriptorType; Endpoint */
+        USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+                    /*  u8  ep_bEndpointAddress; OUT Endpoint 3 */
+        CCID_BULK_OUT_EP,
+        0x02,       /*  u8  ep_bmAttributes; Bulk */
+        0x40, 0x00, /*  u16 ep_wMaxPacketSize; */
+        0x00,       /*  u8  ep_bInterval; */
+
+};
+
+static bool ccid_has_pending_answers(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+    return s->pending_answers_num > 0;
+}
+
+static void ccid_clear_pending_answers(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+    s->pending_answers_num = 0;
+    s->pending_answers_start = 0;
+    s->pending_answers_end = 0;
+}
+
+static void ccid_print_pending_answers(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+#ifdef DEBUG_CCID
+    answer_t *answer;
+    int i, count;
+
+    printf("usb-ccid: pending answers:");
+    if (!ccid_has_pending_answers(s)) {
+        printf(" empty\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    for (i = s->pending_answers_start, count=s->pending_answers_num ;
+         count > 0; count--, i++) {
+        answer = &s->pending_answers[i % PENDING_ANSWERS_NUM];
+        if (count == 1) {
+            printf("%d:%d\n", answer->slot, answer->seq);
+        } else {
+            printf("%d:%d,", answer->slot, answer->seq);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ccid_add_pending_answer(USBCCIDState *s, CCID_Header *hdr)
+{
+    answer_t* answer;
+
+    assert(s->pending_answers_num++ < PENDING_ANSWERS_NUM);
+    answer = &s->pending_answers[(s->pending_answers_end++) % PENDING_ANSWERS_NUM];
+    answer->slot = hdr->bSlot;
+    answer->seq = hdr->bSeq;
+    ccid_print_pending_answers(s);
+}
+
+static void ccid_remove_pending_answer(USBCCIDState *s,
+    uint8_t *slot, uint8_t *seq)
+{
+    answer_t *answer;
+
+    assert(s->pending_answers_num-- > 0);
+    answer = &s->pending_answers[(s->pending_answers_start++) % PENDING_ANSWERS_NUM];
+    *slot = answer->slot;
+    *seq = answer->seq;
+    ccid_print_pending_answers(s);
+}
+
+static void ccid_bulk_in_clear(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+    s->bulk_in_pending_start = 0;
+    s->bulk_in_pending_end = 0;
+    s->bulk_in_pending_num = 0;
+}
+
+static void ccid_bulk_in_release(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+    assert(s->current_bulk_in != NULL);
+    s->current_bulk_in->pos = 0;
+    s->current_bulk_in = NULL;
+}
+
+static void ccid_bulk_in_get(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+    if (s->current_bulk_in != NULL || s->bulk_in_pending_num == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    assert(s->bulk_in_pending_num > 0);
+    s->bulk_in_pending_num--;
+    s->current_bulk_in = &s->bulk_in_pending[
+        (s->bulk_in_pending_start++) % BULK_IN_PENDING_NUM];
+}
+
+static uint8_t* ccid_reserve_recv_buf(USBCCIDState* s, uint16_t len)
+{
+    bulk_in_t* bulk_in;
+
+    DPRINTF(s, 4, "%s: QUEUE: reserve %d bytes\n", __func__, len);
+
+    /* look for an existing element */
+    if (len > BULK_IN_BUF_SIZE) {
+        printf("usb-ccid.c: %s: len larger then max (%d>%d). bailing out.\n",
+            __func__, len, BULK_IN_BUF_SIZE);
+        exit(-1);
+    }
+    if (s->bulk_in_pending_num >= BULK_IN_PENDING_NUM) {
+        printf("usb-ccid.c: %s: No free bulk_in buffers. discarding message.\n",
+                __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    bulk_in = &s->bulk_in_pending[(s->bulk_in_pending_end++) % BULK_IN_PENDING_NUM];
+    s->bulk_in_pending_num++;
+    bulk_in->len = len;
+    return bulk_in->data;
+}
+
+static void ccid_reset(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+    ccid_bulk_in_clear(s);
+    ccid_clear_pending_answers(s);
+}
+
+static void ccid_detach(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+    ccid_reset(s);
+    if (s->auto_attach == 0 && s->dev.attached) {
+        usb_device_detach(&s->dev);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ccid_handle_reset(USBDevice *dev)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev, dev);
+
+    DPRINTF(s, 1, "Reset\n");
+
+    ccid_reset(s);
+}
+
+static int ccid_handle_control(USBDevice *dev, int request, int value,
+                                  int index, int length, uint8_t *data)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev, dev);
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    DPRINTF(s, 1, "got control %x, value %x\n",request, value);
+    switch (request) {
+    case DeviceRequest | USB_REQ_GET_STATUS:
+        data[0] = (0 << USB_DEVICE_SELF_POWERED) |
+            (dev->remote_wakeup << USB_DEVICE_REMOTE_WAKEUP);
+        data[1] = 0x00;
+        ret = 2;
+        break;
+    case DeviceOutRequest | USB_REQ_CLEAR_FEATURE:
+        if (value == USB_DEVICE_REMOTE_WAKEUP) {
+            dev->remote_wakeup = 0;
+        } else {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        ret = 0;
+        break;
+    case DeviceOutRequest | USB_REQ_SET_FEATURE:
+        if (value == USB_DEVICE_REMOTE_WAKEUP) {
+            dev->remote_wakeup = 1;
+        } else {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        ret = 0;
+        break;
+    case DeviceOutRequest | USB_REQ_SET_ADDRESS:
+        dev->addr = value;
+        ret = 0;
+        break;
+    case DeviceRequest | USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR:
+        switch(value >> 8) {
+        case USB_DT_DEVICE:
+            memcpy(data, qemu_ccid_dev_descriptor,
+                   sizeof(qemu_ccid_dev_descriptor));
+            ret = sizeof(qemu_ccid_dev_descriptor);
+            break;
+        case USB_DT_CONFIG:
+            memcpy(data, qemu_ccid_config_descriptor,
+                   sizeof(qemu_ccid_config_descriptor));
+            ret = sizeof(qemu_ccid_config_descriptor);
+            break;
+        case USB_DT_STRING:
+            switch(value & 0xff) {
+            case 0:
+                /* language ids */
+                data[0] = 4;
+                data[1] = 3;
+                data[2] = 0x09;
+                data[3] = 0x04;
+                ret = 4;
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                /* vendor description */
+                ret = set_usb_string(data, CCID_VENDOR_DESCRIPTION);
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                /* product description */
+                ret = set_usb_string(data, CCID_PRODUCT_DESCRIPTION);
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                /* serial number */
+                ret = set_usb_string(data, CCID_SERIAL_NUMBER_STRING);
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                /* interface name */
+                ret = set_usb_string(data, CCID_INTERFACE_NAME);
+                break;
+            default:
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        break;
+    case DeviceRequest | USB_REQ_GET_CONFIGURATION:
+        data[0] = 1;
+        ret = 1;
+        break;
+    case DeviceOutRequest | USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION:
+        /* Only one configuration - we just ignore the request */
+        ret = 0;
+        break;
+    case DeviceRequest | USB_REQ_GET_INTERFACE:
+        data[0] = 0;
+        ret = 1;
+        break;
+    case InterfaceOutRequest | USB_REQ_SET_INTERFACE:
+        ret = 0;
+        break;
+    case EndpointOutRequest | USB_REQ_CLEAR_FEATURE:
+        ret = 0;
+        break;
+
+        /* Class specific requests.  */
+    case InterfaceOutClass | CCID_CONTROL_ABORT:
+        DPRINTF(s, 1, "ccid_control abort UNIMPLEMENTED\n");
+        ret = USB_RET_STALL;
+        break;
+    case InterfaceInClass | CCID_CONTROL_GET_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES:
+        DPRINTF(s, 1, "ccid_control get clock frequencies UNIMPLEMENTED\n");
+        ret = USB_RET_STALL;
+        break;
+    case InterfaceInClass | CCID_CONTROL_GET_DATA_RATES:
+        DPRINTF(s, 1, "ccid_control get data rates UNIMPLEMENTED\n");
+        ret = USB_RET_STALL;
+        break;
+    default:
+    fail:
+        DPRINTF(s, 1, "got unsupported/bogus control %x, value %x\n", request, value);
+        ret = USB_RET_STALL;
+        break;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static bool ccid_card_inserted(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+    return s->bmSlotICCState & SLOT_0_STATE_MASK;
+}
+
+static uint8_t ccid_card_status(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+    return ccid_card_inserted(s)
+            ? (s->powered ?
+                ICC_STATUS_PRESENT_ACTIVE
+              : ICC_STATUS_PRESENT_INACTIVE
+              )
+            : ICC_STATUS_NOT_PRESENT;
+}
+
+static uint8_t ccid_calc_status(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+    /* page 55, 6.2.6, calculation of bStatus from bmICCStatus and
+       bmCommandStatus
+     */
+    uint8_t ret = ccid_card_status(s) | (s->bmCommandStatus << 6);
+    DPRINTF(s, 4, "status = %d\n", ret);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void ccid_reset_error_status(USBCCIDState* s)
+{
+    s->bError = ERROR_CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    s->bmCommandStatus = COMMAND_STATUS_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+static void ccid_write_slot_status(USBCCIDState* s, CCID_Header* recv)
+{
+    CCID_SlotStatus *h = (CCID_SlotStatus*)ccid_reserve_recv_buf(s, sizeof(CCID_SlotStatus));
+    if (h == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    h->b.hdr.bMessageType = CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_RDR_to_PC_SlotStatus;
+    h->b.hdr.dwLength = 0;
+    h->b.hdr.bSlot = recv->bSlot;
+    h->b.hdr.bSeq = recv->bSeq;
+    h->b.bStatus = ccid_calc_status(s);
+    h->b.bError = s->bError;
+    h->bClockStatus = CLOCK_STATUS_RUNNING;
+    ccid_reset_error_status(s);
+}
+
+static void ccid_write_parameters(USBCCIDState* s, CCID_Header* recv)
+{
+    CCID_Parameter *h;
+    uint32_t len = s->ulProtocolDataStructureSize;
+
+    h = (CCID_Parameter *)ccid_reserve_recv_buf(s, sizeof(CCID_Parameter) + len);
+    if (h == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    h->b.hdr.bMessageType = CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_RDR_to_PC_Parameters;
+    h->b.hdr.dwLength = 0;
+    h->b.hdr.bSlot = recv->bSlot;
+    h->b.hdr.bSeq = recv->bSeq;
+    h->b.bStatus = ccid_calc_status(s);
+    h->b.bError = s->bError;
+    h->bProtocolNum = s->bProtocolNum;
+    memcpy(h->abProtocolDataStructure, s->abProtocolDataStructure, len);
+    ccid_reset_error_status(s);
+}
+
+static void ccid_write_data_block(
+    USBCCIDState* s, uint8_t slot, uint8_t seq,
+    const uint8_t* data, uint32_t len)
+{
+    CCID_DataBlock *p;
+
+    p = (CCID_DataBlock*)ccid_reserve_recv_buf(s, sizeof(*p) + len);
+    if (p == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    p->b.hdr.bMessageType = CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_RDR_to_PC_DataBlock;
+    p->b.hdr.dwLength = len;
+    p->b.hdr.bSlot = slot;
+    p->b.hdr.bSeq = seq;
+    p->b.bStatus = ccid_calc_status(s);
+    p->b.bError = s->bError;
+#ifdef DEBUG_CCID
+    if (p->b.bError) {
+        DPRINTF(s, 4, "error %d", p->b.bError);
+    }
+#endif
+    memcpy(p->abData, data, len);
+    ccid_reset_error_status(s);
+}
+
+static void ccid_write_data_block_answer(USBCCIDState* s,
+    const uint8_t* data, uint32_t len)
+{
+    uint8_t seq;
+    uint8_t slot;
+
+    if (!ccid_has_pending_answers(s)) {
+        abort();
+    }
+    ccid_remove_pending_answer(s, &slot, &seq);
+    ccid_write_data_block(s, slot, seq, data, len);
+}
+
+static void ccid_write_data_block_atr(USBCCIDState* s, CCID_Header* recv)
+{
+    const uint8_t *atr = NULL;
+    uint32_t len = 0;
+
+    if (s->card) {
+        atr = s->cardinfo->get_atr(s->card, &len);
+    }
+    ccid_write_data_block(s, recv->bSlot, recv->bSeq, atr, len);
+}
+
+static void ccid_set_parameters(USBCCIDState *s, CCID_Header *recv)
+{
+    CCID_SetParameter *ph = (CCID_SetParameter *) recv;
+    uint32_t len = 0;
+    if (ph->bProtocolNum == 0) {
+        len = 5;
+    }
+    if (ph->bProtocolNum == 1) {
+        len = 7;
+    }
+    if (len == 0) {
+        s->bmCommandStatus = COMMAND_STATUS_FAILED;
+        s->bError = 7; /* Protocol invalid or not supported */
+        return;
+    }
+    s->bProtocolNum = ph->bProtocolNum;
+    memcpy(s->abProtocolDataStructure, ph->abProtocolDataStructure, len);
+    s->ulProtocolDataStructureSize = len;
+    DPRINTF(s, 1, "%s: using len %d\n", __func__, len);
+}
+
+/* must be 5 bytes for T=0, 7 bytes for T=1
+ * See page 52 */
+static const uint8_t abDefaultProtocolDataStructure[7] =
+    { 0x77, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe /*IFSC*/, 0x00 /*NAD*/ };
+
+static void ccid_reset_parameters(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+   uint32_t len = sizeof(abDefaultProtocolDataStructure);
+
+   s->bProtocolNum = 1; /* T=1 */
+   s->ulProtocolDataStructureSize = len;
+   memcpy(s->abProtocolDataStructure, abDefaultProtocolDataStructure, len);
+}
+
+static void ccid_report_error_failed(USBCCIDState *s, uint8_t error)
+{
+    s->bmCommandStatus = COMMAND_STATUS_FAILED;
+    s->bError = error;
+}
+
+/* NOTE: only a single slot is supported (SLOT_0)
+ */
+static void ccid_on_slot_change(USBCCIDState* s, bool full)
+{
+    /* RDR_to_PC_NotifySlotChange, 6.3.1 page 56
+     */
+    uint8_t current = s->bmSlotICCState;
+    if (full) {
+        s->bmSlotICCState |= SLOT_0_STATE_MASK;
+    } else {
+        s->bmSlotICCState &= ~SLOT_0_STATE_MASK;
+    }
+    if (current != s->bmSlotICCState) {
+        s->bmSlotICCState |= SLOT_0_CHANGED_MASK;
+    }
+    s->notify_slot_change = true;
+}
+
+static void ccid_write_data_block_error(
+    USBCCIDState *s, uint8_t slot, uint8_t seq)
+{
+    ccid_write_data_block(s, slot, seq, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+static void ccid_on_apdu_from_guest(USBCCIDState *s, CCID_XferBlock *recv)
+{
+    if (ccid_card_status(s) != ICC_STATUS_PRESENT_ACTIVE) {
+        DPRINTF(s, 1, "usb-ccid: not sending apdu to client, no card connected\n");
+        ccid_write_data_block_error(s, recv->hdr.bSlot, recv->hdr.bSeq);
+        return;
+    }
+    DPRINTF(s, 1, "%s: seq %d, len %d\n", __FUNCTION__,
+                recv->hdr.bSeq, recv->hdr.dwLength);
+    ccid_add_pending_answer(s, (CCID_Header*)recv);
+    if (s->card) {
+        s->cardinfo->apdu_from_guest(s->card, recv->abData, recv->hdr.dwLength);
+    } else {
+        printf("warning: discarded apdu\n");
+    }
+}
+
+static void ccid_handle_bulk_out(USBCCIDState *s, USBPacket *p)
+{
+    CCID_Header* ccid_header;
+
+    assert(p->len + s->bulk_out_pos <= BULK_OUT_DATA_SIZE);
+    ccid_header = (CCID_Header*)s->bulk_out_data;
+    memcpy(s->bulk_out_data + s->bulk_out_pos, p->data, p->len);
+    s->bulk_out_pos += p->len;
+    if (p->len == 64) {
+        DPRINTF(s, 4, "usb-ccid: bulk_in: expecting more packets (%d/%d)\n",
+            p->len, ccid_header->dwLength);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (s->bulk_out_pos < 10) {
+        DPRINTF(s, 1, "%s: bad USB_TOKEN_OUT length, should be at least 10 bytes\n", __func__);
+    } else {
+        DPRINTF(s, 3, "%s %x\n", __func__, ccid_header->bMessageType);
+        switch (ccid_header->bMessageType) {
+            case CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_GetSlotStatus:
+                ccid_write_slot_status(s, ccid_header);
+                break;
+            case CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_IccPowerOn:
+                DPRINTF(s, 1, "PowerOn: %d\n",
+                    ((CCID_IccPowerOn*)(ccid_header))->bPowerSelect);
+                s->powered = true;
+                if (!ccid_card_inserted(s)) {
+                    ccid_report_error_failed(s, ERROR_ICC_MUTE);
+                }
+                /* atr is written regardless of error. */
+                ccid_write_data_block_atr(s, ccid_header);
+                break;
+            case CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_IccPowerOff:
+                DPRINTF(s, 1, "PowerOff\n");
+                ccid_reset_error_status(s);
+                s->powered = false;
+                ccid_write_slot_status(s, ccid_header);
+                break;
+            case CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_XfrBlock:
+                ccid_on_apdu_from_guest(s, (CCID_XferBlock*)s->bulk_out_data);
+                break;
+            case CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_SetParameters:
+                ccid_reset_error_status(s);
+                ccid_set_parameters(s, ccid_header);
+                ccid_write_parameters(s, ccid_header);
+                break;
+            case CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_ResetParameters:
+                ccid_reset_error_status(s);
+                ccid_reset_parameters(s);
+                ccid_write_parameters(s, ccid_header);
+                break;
+            case CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_PC_to_RDR_GetParameters:
+                ccid_reset_error_status(s);
+                ccid_write_parameters(s, ccid_header);
+                break;
+            default:
+                DPRINTF(s, 1, "handle_data: ERROR: unhandled message type %Xh\n",
+                    ccid_header->bMessageType);
+                /* the caller is expecting the device to respond, tell it we
+                 * do't support the operation */
+                ccid_report_error_failed(s, ERROR_CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+                ccid_write_slot_status(s, ccid_header);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    s->bulk_out_pos = 0;
+}
+
+static int ccid_bulk_in_copy_out(USBCCIDState *s, uint8_t *data, int len)
+{
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    assert(len>0);
+    ccid_bulk_in_get(s);
+    if (s->current_bulk_in != NULL) {
+        ret = MIN(s->current_bulk_in->len - s->current_bulk_in->pos, len);
+        memcpy(data, s->current_bulk_in->data + s->current_bulk_in->pos, ret);
+        s->current_bulk_in->pos += ret;
+        if (s->current_bulk_in->pos == s->current_bulk_in->len) {
+            ccid_bulk_in_release(s);
+        }
+    } else {
+        ret = USB_RET_NAK; /* return when device has no data - usb 2.0 spec Table 8-4 */
+    }
+    if (ret > 0) {
+        DPRINTF(s, 3, "%s: %d/%d req/act to guest (BULK_IN)\n", __func__, len, ret);
+    }
+    if (ret != USB_RET_NAK && ret < len) {
+        DPRINTF(s, 1, "%s: returning short (EREMOTEIO) %d < %d\n", __func__, ret, len);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int ccid_handle_data(USBDevice *dev, USBPacket *p)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev, dev);
+    int ret = 0;
+    uint8_t *data = p->data;
+    int len = p->len;
+
+    switch (p->pid) {
+    case USB_TOKEN_OUT:
+        ccid_handle_bulk_out(s, p);
+        break;
+
+    case USB_TOKEN_IN:
+        switch (p->devep & 0xf) {
+            case CCID_BULK_IN_EP:
+                if (!len) {
+                    ret = USB_RET_NAK;
+                } else {
+                    ret = ccid_bulk_in_copy_out(s, data, len);
+                }
+                break;
+            case CCID_INT_IN_EP:
+                if (s->notify_slot_change) {
+                    /* page 56, RDR_to_PC_NotifySlotChange */
+                    data[0] = CCID_MESSAGE_TYPE_RDR_to_PC_NotifySlotChange;
+                    data[1] = s->bmSlotICCState;
+                    ret = 2;
+                    s->notify_slot_change = false;
+                    s->bmSlotICCState &= ~SLOT_0_CHANGED_MASK;
+                    DPRINTF(s, 2, "handle_data: int_in: notify_slot_change %X, requested len %d\n",
+                            s->bmSlotICCState, len);
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                DPRINTF(s, 1, "Bad endpoint\n");
+                break;
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        DPRINTF(s, 1, "Bad token\n");
+        ret = USB_RET_STALL;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void ccid_handle_destroy(USBDevice *dev)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev, dev);
+
+    ccid_bulk_in_clear(s);
+}
+
+static void ccid_flush_pending_answers(USBCCIDState *s) {
+    while (ccid_has_pending_answers(s)) {
+        ccid_write_data_block_answer(s, NULL, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+static answer_t *ccid_peek_next_answer(USBCCIDState *s)
+{
+    return s->pending_answers_num == 0
+        ? NULL
+        : &s->pending_answers[s->pending_answers_start % PENDING_ANSWERS_NUM];
+}
+
+static void ccid_bus_dev_print(Monitor *mon, DeviceState *qdev, int indent)
+{
+    CCIDCardState *card = DO_UPCAST(CCIDCardState, qdev, qdev);
+    CCIDCardInfo *info = DO_UPCAST(CCIDCardInfo, qdev, qdev->info);
+
+    if (info->print) {
+        info->print(mon, card, indent);
+    }
+}
+
+struct CCIDBus {
+    BusState qbus;
+};
+
+static struct BusInfo ccid_bus_info = {
+    .name = "ccid-bus",
+    .size = sizeof(CCIDBus),
+    .print_dev = ccid_bus_dev_print,
+};
+
+static CCIDBus *ccid_bus_new(DeviceState *dev)
+{
+    CCIDBus *bus;
+
+    bus = FROM_QBUS(CCIDBus, qbus_create(&ccid_bus_info, dev, NULL));
+    bus->qbus.allow_hotplug = 1;
+
+    return bus;
+}
+
+void ccid_card_send_apdu_to_guest(CCIDCardState *card, uint8_t* apdu, uint32_t len)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev.qdev, card->qdev.parent_bus->parent);
+    answer_t *answer;
+
+    if (!ccid_has_pending_answers(s)) {
+        DPRINTF(s, 1, "CCID ERROR: got an APDU without pending answers\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    s->bmCommandStatus = COMMAND_STATUS_NO_ERROR;
+    answer = ccid_peek_next_answer(s);
+    if (answer == NULL) {
+        abort();
+    }
+    DPRINTF(s, 1, "APDU returned to guest %d (answer seq %d, slot %d)\n",
+        len, answer->seq, answer->slot);
+    ccid_write_data_block_answer(s, apdu, len);
+}
+
+void ccid_card_card_removed(CCIDCardState *card)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev.qdev, card->qdev.parent_bus->parent);
+
+    ccid_on_slot_change(s, false);
+    ccid_flush_pending_answers(s);
+    ccid_reset(s);
+}
+
+int ccid_card_ccid_attach(CCIDCardState *card)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev.qdev, card->qdev.parent_bus->parent);
+
+    DPRINTF(s, 1, "CCID Attach\n");
+    if (s->auto_attach==0 && !s->dev.attached) {
+        usb_device_attach(&s->dev);
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        if (s->migration_state == MIGRATION_MIGRATED) {
+            s->migration_state = MIGRATION_NONE;
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ccid_card_ccid_detach(CCIDCardState *card)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev.qdev, card->qdev.parent_bus->parent);
+
+    DPRINTF(s, 1, "CCID Detach\n");
+    if (ccid_card_inserted(s)) {
+        ccid_on_slot_change(s, false);
+    }
+    ccid_detach(s);
+}
+
+void ccid_card_card_error(CCIDCardState *card, uint64_t error)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev.qdev, card->qdev.parent_bus->parent);
+
+    s->bmCommandStatus = COMMAND_STATUS_FAILED;
+    s->last_answer_error = error;
+    DPRINTF(s, 1, "VSC_Error: %lX\n", s->last_answer_error);
+    /* TODO: these error's should be more verbose and propogated to the guest.
+     * */
+    ccid_write_data_block_answer(s, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+void ccid_card_card_inserted(CCIDCardState *card)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev.qdev, card->qdev.parent_bus->parent);
+
+    s->bmCommandStatus = COMMAND_STATUS_NO_ERROR;
+    ccid_flush_pending_answers(s);
+    ccid_on_slot_change(s, true);
+}
+
+static int ccid_card_exit(DeviceState *qdev)
+{
+    CCIDCardState *card = DO_UPCAST(CCIDCardState, qdev, qdev);
+    CCIDCardInfo *info = DO_UPCAST(CCIDCardInfo, qdev, qdev->info);
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev.qdev, card->qdev.parent_bus->parent);
+
+    if (ccid_card_inserted(s)) {
+        ccid_card_card_removed(card);
+    }
+    if (info->exitfn) {
+        return info->exitfn(card);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int ccid_card_init(DeviceState *qdev, DeviceInfo *base)
+{
+    CCIDCardState *card = DO_UPCAST(CCIDCardState, qdev, qdev);
+    CCIDCardInfo *info = DO_UPCAST(CCIDCardInfo, qdev, base);
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev.qdev, card->qdev.parent_bus->parent);
+
+    s->card = card;
+    s->cardinfo = info;
+    if (info->initfn) {
+        return info->initfn(card);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void ccid_card_qdev_register(CCIDCardInfo *card)
+{
+    card->qdev.bus_info = &ccid_bus_info;
+    card->qdev.init = ccid_card_init;
+    card->qdev.exit = ccid_card_exit;
+    qdev_register(&card->qdev);
+}
+
+static int ccid_initfn(USBDevice *dev)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = DO_UPCAST(USBCCIDState, dev, dev);
+
+    s->bus = ccid_bus_new(&dev->qdev);
+    s->card = NULL;
+    s->cardinfo = NULL;
+    s->migration_state = MIGRATION_NONE;
+    dev->auto_attach = s->auto_attach;
+    s->migration_target_ip = 0;
+    s->migration_target_port = 0;
+    s->dev.speed = USB_SPEED_FULL;
+    s->notify_slot_change = false;
+    s->powered = true;
+    s->pending_answers_num = 0;
+    s->last_answer_error = 0;
+    s->bulk_in_pending_start = 0;
+    s->bulk_in_pending_end = 0;
+    s->current_bulk_in = NULL;
+    ccid_reset_error_status(s);
+    s->bulk_out_pos = 0;
+    ccid_reset_parameters(s);
+    ccid_reset(s);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int ccid_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = opaque;
+
+    if (s->auto_attach == 0 && s->attached_vmstate && !s->dev.attached) {
+        usb_device_attach(&s->dev);
+    }
+    // This must be done after usb_device_attach, which sets state to ATTACHED,
+    // while it must be DEFAULT in order to accept packets (like it is after
+    // reset, but reset will reset our addr and call our reset handler which
+    // may change state, and we don't want to do that when migrating).
+    s->dev.state = s->state_vmstate;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void ccid_pre_save(void *opaque)
+{
+    USBCCIDState *s = opaque;
+
+    s->attached_vmstate = s->dev.attached;
+    s->state_vmstate = s->dev.state;
+    if (s->dev.attached) {
+        // migrating an open device, ignore reconnection CHR_EVENT to avoid an
+        // erronous detach.
+        s->migration_state = MIGRATION_MIGRATED;
+    }
+}
+
+static VMStateDescription bulk_in_t_vmstate = {
+    .name = "bulk_in_t",
+    .version_id = 1,
+    .minimum_version_id = 1,
+    .fields = (VMStateField []) {
+        VMSTATE_BUFFER(data, bulk_in_t),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(len, bulk_in_t),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(pos, bulk_in_t),
+        VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
+    }
+};
+
+static VMStateDescription answer_t_vmstate = {
+    .name = "answer_t",
+    .version_id = 1,
+    .minimum_version_id = 1,
+    .fields = (VMStateField []) {
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(slot, answer_t),
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(seq, answer_t),
+        VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
+    }
+};
+
+static VMStateDescription usb_device_vmstate = {
+    .name = "usb_device",
+    .version_id = 1,
+    .minimum_version_id = 1,
+    .fields = (VMStateField []) {
+        //int speed;
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(addr, USBDevice),
+        //VMSTATE_BUFFER(product_desc, USBDevice), // char, not uint8_t - casting error
+        //int auto_attach;
+        //int attached;
+        //int state;
+        VMSTATE_BUFFER(setup_buf, USBDevice),
+        VMSTATE_BUFFER(data_buf, USBDevice),
+        // int remote_wakeup;
+        // int setup_state;
+        // int setup_len;
+        // int setup_index;
+        VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
+    }
+};
+
+static VMStateDescription ccid_vmstate = {
+    .name = CCID_DEV_NAME,
+    .version_id = 1,
+    .minimum_version_id = 1,
+    .post_load = ccid_post_load,
+    .pre_save = ccid_pre_save,
+    .fields = (VMStateField []) {
+        VMSTATE_STRUCT(dev, USBCCIDState, 1, usb_device_vmstate, USBDevice),
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(debug, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(auto_attach, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_BUFFER(bulk_out_data, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(bulk_out_pos, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(bmSlotICCState, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(powered, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(notify_slot_change, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT64(last_answer_error, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(bError, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(bmCommandStatus, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(bProtocolNum, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_BUFFER(abProtocolDataStructure, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(ulProtocolDataStructureSize, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_STRUCT_ARRAY(bulk_in_pending, USBCCIDState,
+                       BULK_IN_PENDING_NUM, 1, bulk_in_t_vmstate, bulk_in_t),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(bulk_in_pending_start, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(bulk_in_pending_end, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_STRUCT_ARRAY(pending_answers, USBCCIDState,
+                        PENDING_ANSWERS_NUM, 1, answer_t_vmstate, answer_t),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(pending_answers_num, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(migration_state, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT8(attached_vmstate, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_UINT32(state_vmstate, USBCCIDState),
+        VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
+    }
+};
+
+static struct USBDeviceInfo ccid_info = {
+    .product_desc   = "QEMU USB CCID",
+    .qdev.name      = CCID_DEV_NAME,
+    .qdev.size      = sizeof(USBCCIDState),
+    .qdev.vmsd      = &ccid_vmstate,
+    .init           = ccid_initfn,
+    .handle_packet  = usb_generic_handle_packet,
+    .handle_reset   = ccid_handle_reset,
+    .handle_control = ccid_handle_control,
+    .handle_data    = ccid_handle_data,
+    .handle_destroy = ccid_handle_destroy,
+    .usbdevice_name = "ccid",
+    .qdev.props     = (Property[]) {
+        DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("auto_attach", USBCCIDState, auto_attach, 0),
+        DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("debug", USBCCIDState, debug, 0),
+        DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
+    },
+};
+
+
+static void ccid_register_devices(void)
+{
+    usb_qdev_register(&ccid_info);
+}
+device_init(ccid_register_devices)
