diff mbox series

[N/U,05/11] x86/bhi: Add support for clearing branch history at syscall entry

Message ID 20240411063027.493165-6-andrea.righi@canonical.com
State New
Headers show
Series Apply mitigations for the native BHI hardware vulnerabilty | expand

Commit Message

Andrea Righi April 11, 2024, 6:24 a.m. UTC
From: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>

BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2060909

Branch History Injection (BHI) attacks may allow a malicious application to
influence indirect branch prediction in kernel by poisoning the branch
history. eIBRS isolates indirect branch targets in ring0.  The BHB can
still influence the choice of indirect branch predictor entry, and although
branch predictor entries are isolated between modes when eIBRS is enabled,
the BHB itself is not isolated between modes.

Alder Lake and new processors supports a hardware control BHI_DIS_S to
mitigate BHI.  For older processors Intel has released a software sequence
to clear the branch history on parts that don't support BHI_DIS_S. Add
support to execute the software sequence at syscall entry and VMexit to
overwrite the branch history.

For now, branch history is not cleared at interrupt entry, as malicious
applications are not believed to have sufficient control over the
registers, since previous register state is cleared at interrupt
entry. Researchers continue to poke at this area and it may become
necessary to clear at interrupt entry as well in the future.

This mitigation is only defined here. It is enabled later.

Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
Co-developed-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
(backported from commit 7390db8aea0d64e9deb28b8e1ce716f5020c7ee5)
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
---
 arch/x86/entry/common.c              |  4 +-
 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S            | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/entry/entry_64_compat.S     | 16 ++++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h   |  3 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h | 12 ++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/syscall.h       |  1 +
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmenter.S           |  2 +
 7 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff mbox series

Patch

diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/common.c b/arch/x86/entry/common.c
index cea0e2a23b42..6de50b80702e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/common.c
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@  static __always_inline bool int80_is_external(void)
 }
 
 /**
- * int80_emulation - 32-bit legacy syscall entry
+ * do_int80_emulation - 32-bit legacy syscall C entry from asm
  *
  * This entry point can be used by 32-bit and 64-bit programs to perform
  * 32-bit system calls.  Instances of INT $0x80 can be found inline in
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@  static __always_inline bool int80_is_external(void)
  *   eax:				system call number
  *   ebx, ecx, edx, esi, edi, ebp:	arg1 - arg 6
  */
-DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW(int80_emulation)
+__visible noinstr void do_int80_emulation(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
 	int nr;
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
index 9bb485977629..e986331b14e1 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@  SYM_INNER_LABEL(entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe, SYM_L_GLOBAL)
 	/* clobbers %rax, make sure it is after saving the syscall nr */
 	IBRS_ENTER
 	UNTRAIN_RET
+	CLEAR_BRANCH_HISTORY
 
 	call	do_syscall_64		/* returns with IRQs disabled */
 
@@ -1494,3 +1495,63 @@  SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(rewind_stack_and_make_dead)
 	call	make_task_dead
 SYM_CODE_END(rewind_stack_and_make_dead)
 .popsection
+
+/*
+ * This sequence executes branches in order to remove user branch information
+ * from the branch history tracker in the Branch Predictor, therefore removing
+ * user influence on subsequent BTB lookups.
+ *
+ * It should be used on parts prior to Alder Lake. Newer parts should use the
+ * BHI_DIS_S hardware control instead. If a pre-Alder Lake part is being
+ * virtualized on newer hardware the VMM should protect against BHI attacks by
+ * setting BHI_DIS_S for the guests.
+ *
+ * CALLs/RETs are necessary to prevent Loop Stream Detector(LSD) from engaging
+ * and not clearing the branch history. The call tree looks like:
+ *
+ * call 1
+ *    call 2
+ *      call 2
+ *        call 2
+ *          call 2
+ * 	      call 2
+ * 	      ret
+ * 	    ret
+ *        ret
+ *      ret
+ *    ret
+ * ret
+ *
+ * This means that the stack is non-constant and ORC can't unwind it with %rsp
+ * alone.  Therefore we unconditionally set up the frame pointer, which allows
+ * ORC to unwind properly.
+ *
+ * The alignment is for performance and not for safety, and may be safely
+ * refactored in the future if needed.
+ */
+SYM_FUNC_START(clear_bhb_loop)
+	push	%rbp
+	mov	%rsp, %rbp
+	movl	$5, %ecx
+	ANNOTATE_INTRA_FUNCTION_CALL
+	call	1f
+	jmp	5f
+	.align 64, 0xcc
+	ANNOTATE_INTRA_FUNCTION_CALL
+1:	call	2f
+	RET
+	.align 64, 0xcc
+2:	movl	$5, %eax
+3:	jmp	4f
+	nop
+4:	sub	$1, %eax
+	jnz	3b
+	sub	$1, %ecx
+	jnz	1b
+	RET
+5:	lfence
+	pop	%rbp
+	RET
+SYM_FUNC_END(clear_bhb_loop)
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(clear_bhb_loop)
+STACK_FRAME_NON_STANDARD(clear_bhb_loop)
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64_compat.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64_compat.S
index eabf48c4d4b4..c779046cc3fe 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64_compat.S
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64_compat.S
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@  SYM_INNER_LABEL(entry_SYSENTER_compat_after_hwframe, SYM_L_GLOBAL)
 
 	IBRS_ENTER
 	UNTRAIN_RET
+	CLEAR_BRANCH_HISTORY
 
 	/*
 	 * SYSENTER doesn't filter flags, so we need to clear NT and AC
@@ -206,6 +207,7 @@  SYM_INNER_LABEL(entry_SYSCALL_compat_after_hwframe, SYM_L_GLOBAL)
 
 	IBRS_ENTER
 	UNTRAIN_RET
+	CLEAR_BRANCH_HISTORY
 
 	movq	%rsp, %rdi
 	call	do_fast_syscall_32
@@ -276,3 +278,17 @@  SYM_INNER_LABEL(entry_SYSRETL_compat_end, SYM_L_GLOBAL)
 	ANNOTATE_NOENDBR
 	int3
 SYM_CODE_END(entry_SYSCALL_compat)
+
+/*
+ * int 0x80 is used by 32 bit mode as a system call entry. Normally idt entries
+ * point to C routines, however since this is a system call interface the branch
+ * history needs to be scrubbed to protect against BHI attacks, and that
+ * scrubbing needs to take place in assembly code prior to entering any C
+ * routines.
+ */
+SYM_CODE_START(int80_emulation)
+	ANNOTATE_NOENDBR
+	UNWIND_HINT_FUNC
+	CLEAR_BRANCH_HISTORY
+	jmp do_int80_emulation
+SYM_CODE_END(int80_emulation)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
index e3f71b9d43b9..b8032e7f8e31 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
@@ -458,11 +458,12 @@ 
 
 /*
  * Extended auxiliary flags: Linux defined - for features scattered in various
- * CPUID levels like 0x80000022, etc.
+ * CPUID levels like 0x80000022, etc and Linux defined features.
  *
  * Reuse free bits when adding new feature flags!
  */
 #define X86_FEATURE_AMD_LBR_PMC_FREEZE	(21*32+ 0) /* AMD LBR and PMC Freeze */
+#define X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_LOOP	(21*32+ 1) /* "" Clear branch history at syscall entry using SW loop */
 
 /*
  * BUG word(s)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
index 93c3e28dd8e0..fb8a530d6c18 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
@@ -335,6 +335,14 @@ 
 	ALTERNATIVE "", __stringify(verw _ASM_RIP(mds_verw_sel)), X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF
 .endm
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+.macro CLEAR_BRANCH_HISTORY
+	ALTERNATIVE "", "call clear_bhb_loop", X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_LOOP
+.endm
+#else
+#define CLEAR_BRANCH_HISTORY
+#endif
+
 #else /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
 
 #define ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE					\
@@ -377,6 +385,10 @@  extern void srso_alias_return_thunk(void);
 extern void entry_untrain_ret(void);
 extern void entry_ibpb(void);
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+extern void clear_bhb_loop(void);
+#endif
+
 extern void (*x86_return_thunk)(void);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_CALL_DEPTH_TRACKING
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/syscall.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/syscall.h
index 3c28f26bfe22..2fc7bc3863ff 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/syscall.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/syscall.h
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@  static inline int syscall_get_arch(struct task_struct *task)
 }
 
 bool do_syscall_64(struct pt_regs *regs, int nr);
+void do_int80_emulation(struct pt_regs *regs);
 
 #endif	/* CONFIG_X86_32 */
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmenter.S b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmenter.S
index 2bfbf758d061..0f3593e10c57 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmenter.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmenter.S
@@ -275,6 +275,8 @@  SYM_INNER_LABEL_ALIGN(vmx_vmexit, SYM_L_GLOBAL)
 
 	call vmx_spec_ctrl_restore_host
 
+	CLEAR_BRANCH_HISTORY
+
 	/* Put return value in AX */
 	mov %_ASM_BX, %_ASM_AX