diff --git a/include/osmo-bts/bts_model.h b/include/osmo-bts/bts_model.h
index a219d5b..a0f4542 100644
--- a/include/osmo-bts/bts_model.h
+++ b/include/osmo-bts/bts_model.h
@@ -28,9 +28,6 @@ int bts_model_chg_adm_state(struct gsm_bts *bts, struct gsm_abis_mo *mo,
 int bts_model_trx_deact_rf(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx);
 int bts_model_trx_close(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx);
 
-void bts_model_rtp_rx_cb(struct osmo_rtp_socket *rs, const uint8_t *rtp_pl,
-			 unsigned int rtp_pl_len);
-
 int bts_model_vty_init(struct gsm_bts *bts);
 
 void bts_model_config_write_bts(struct vty *vty, struct gsm_bts *bts);
diff --git a/src/common/l1sap.c b/src/common/l1sap.c
index c631860..9068bb8 100644
--- a/src/common/l1sap.c
+++ b/src/common/l1sap.c
@@ -286,6 +286,72 @@ static int l1sap_handover_rach(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/* TCH-RTS-IND prim recevied from bts model */
+static int l1sap_tch_rts_ind(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx,
+	struct osmo_phsap_prim *l1sap, struct ph_tch_param *rts_ind)
+{
+	struct msgb *resp_msg;
+	struct osmo_phsap_prim *resp_l1sap, empty_l1sap;
+	struct gsm_time g_time;
+	struct gsm_lchan *lchan;
+	uint8_t chan_nr;
+	uint8_t tn, ss;
+	uint32_t fn;
+
+	chan_nr = rts_ind->chan_nr;
+	fn = rts_ind->fn;
+	tn = L1SAP_CHAN2TS(chan_nr);
+
+	gsm_fn2gsmtime(&g_time, fn);
+
+	DEBUGP(DL1P, "Rx TCH-RTS.ind %02u/%02u/%02u chan_nr=%d\n",
+		g_time.t1, g_time.t2, g_time.t3, chan_nr);
+
+	/* get timeslot and subslot */
+	tn = L1SAP_CHAN2TS(chan_nr);
+	if (L1SAP_IS_CHAN_TCHH(chan_nr))
+		ss = L1SAP_CHAN2SS_TCHH(chan_nr); /* TCH/H */
+	else
+		ss = 0; /* TCH/F */
+	lchan = &trx->ts[tn].lchan[ss];
+
+	if (!lchan->loopback && lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket) {
+		osmo_rtp_socket_poll(lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket);
+		/* FIXME: we _assume_ that we never miss TDMA
+		 * frames and that we always get to this point
+		 * for every to-be-transmitted voice frame.  A
+		 * better solution would be to compute
+		 * rx_user_ts based on how many TDMA frames have
+		 * elapsed since the last call */
+		lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket->rx_user_ts += GSM_RTP_DURATION;
+	}
+	/* get a msgb from the dl_tx_queue */
+	resp_msg = msgb_dequeue(&lchan->dl_tch_queue);
+	if (!resp_msg) {
+		LOGP(DL1P, LOGL_DEBUG, "%s DL TCH Tx queue underrun\n",
+			gsm_lchan_name(lchan));
+		resp_l1sap = &empty_l1sap;
+	} else {
+		resp_msg->l2h = resp_msg->data;
+		msgb_push(resp_msg, sizeof(*resp_l1sap));
+		resp_msg->l1h = resp_msg->data;
+		resp_l1sap = msgb_l1sap_prim(resp_msg);
+	}
+
+	memset(resp_l1sap, 0, sizeof(*resp_l1sap));
+	osmo_prim_init(&resp_l1sap->oph, SAP_GSM_PH, PRIM_TCH, PRIM_OP_REQUEST,
+		resp_msg);
+	resp_l1sap->u.tch.chan_nr = chan_nr;
+	resp_l1sap->u.tch.fn = fn;
+
+	DEBUGP(DL1P, "Tx TCH.req %02u/%02u/%02u chan_nr=%d\n",
+		g_time.t1, g_time.t2, g_time.t3, chan_nr);
+
+	l1sap_down(trx, resp_l1sap);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* DATA received from bts model */
 static int l1sap_ph_data_ind(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx,
 	 struct osmo_phsap_prim *l1sap, struct ph_data_param *data_ind)
@@ -334,6 +400,57 @@ static int l1sap_ph_data_ind(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/* TCH received from bts model */
+static int l1sap_tch_ind(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx, struct osmo_phsap_prim *l1sap,
+	struct ph_tch_param *tch_ind)
+{
+	struct msgb *msg = l1sap->oph.msg;
+	struct gsm_time g_time;
+	struct gsm_lchan *lchan;
+	uint8_t tn, ss, chan_nr;
+	uint32_t fn;
+
+	chan_nr = tch_ind->chan_nr;
+	fn = tch_ind->fn;
+	tn = L1SAP_CHAN2TS(chan_nr);
+	if (L1SAP_IS_CHAN_TCHH(chan_nr))
+		ss = L1SAP_CHAN2SS_TCHH(chan_nr);
+	else
+		ss = 0;
+	lchan = &trx->ts[tn].lchan[ss];
+
+	gsm_fn2gsmtime(&g_time, fn);
+
+	DEBUGP(DL1P, "Rx TCH.ind %02u/%02u/%02u chan_nr=%d\n",
+		g_time.t1, g_time.t2, g_time.t3, chan_nr);
+
+	msgb_pull(msg, sizeof(*l1sap));
+
+	/* hand msg to RTP code for transmission */
+	if (lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket)
+		osmo_rtp_send_frame(lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket,
+			msg->data, msg->len, 160);
+
+	/* if loopback is enabled, also queue received RTP data */
+	if (lchan->loopback) {
+		struct msgb *tmp;
+		int count = 0;
+
+		 /* make sure the queue doesn't get too long */
+		llist_for_each_entry(tmp, &lchan->dl_tch_queue, list)
+		count++;
+		while (count >= 1) {
+			tmp = msgb_dequeue(&lchan->dl_tch_queue);
+			msgb_free(tmp);
+			count--;
+		}
+
+		msgb_enqueue(&lchan->dl_tch_queue, msg);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* RACH received from bts model */
 static int l1sap_ph_rach_ind(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx,
 	 struct osmo_phsap_prim *l1sap, struct ph_rach_ind_param *rach_ind)
@@ -389,9 +506,15 @@ int l1sap_up(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx, struct osmo_phsap_prim *l1sap)
 	case OSMO_PRIM(PRIM_PH_RTS, PRIM_OP_INDICATION):
 		rc = l1sap_ph_rts_ind(trx, l1sap, &l1sap->u.data);
 		break;
+	case OSMO_PRIM(PRIM_TCH_RTS, PRIM_OP_INDICATION):
+		rc = l1sap_tch_rts_ind(trx, l1sap, &l1sap->u.tch);
+		break;
 	case OSMO_PRIM(PRIM_PH_DATA, PRIM_OP_INDICATION):
 		rc = l1sap_ph_data_ind(trx, l1sap, &l1sap->u.data);
 		break;
+	case OSMO_PRIM(PRIM_TCH, PRIM_OP_INDICATION):
+		rc = l1sap_tch_ind(trx, l1sap, &l1sap->u.tch);
+		break;
 	case OSMO_PRIM(PRIM_PH_RACH, PRIM_OP_INDICATION):
 		rc = l1sap_ph_rach_ind(trx, l1sap, &l1sap->u.rach_ind);
 		break;
@@ -441,6 +564,34 @@ int l1sap_pdch_req(struct gsm_bts_trx_ts *ts, int is_ptcch, uint32_t fn,
 	return l1sap_down(ts->trx, l1sap);
 }
 
+/*! \brief call-back function for incoming RTP */
+void l1sap_rtp_rx_cb(struct osmo_rtp_socket *rs, const uint8_t *rtp_pl,
+                     unsigned int rtp_pl_len)
+{
+	struct gsm_lchan *lchan = rs->priv;
+	struct msgb *msg, *tmp;
+	struct osmo_phsap_prim *l1sap;
+	int count = 0;
+
+	msg = l1sap_msgb_alloc(rtp_pl_len);
+	if (!msg)
+		return;
+	memcpy(msgb_put(msg, rtp_pl_len), rtp_pl, rtp_pl_len);
+	msgb_pull(msg, sizeof(*l1sap));
+
+
+	 /* make sure the queue doesn't get too long */
+	llist_for_each_entry(tmp, &lchan->dl_tch_queue, list)
+	count++;
+	while (count >= 2) {
+		tmp = msgb_dequeue(&lchan->dl_tch_queue);
+		msgb_free(tmp);
+		count--;
+	}
+
+	msgb_enqueue(&lchan->dl_tch_queue, msg);
+}
+
 static int l1sap_chan_act_dact_modify(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx, uint8_t chan_nr,
 		enum osmo_mph_info_type type, uint8_t sacch_only)
 {
diff --git a/src/common/rsl.c b/src/common/rsl.c
index 1a52c6e..dc49177 100644
--- a/src/common/rsl.c
+++ b/src/common/rsl.c
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
 #include <osmo-bts/oml.h>
 #include <osmo-bts/amr.h>
 #include <osmo-bts/signal.h>
-#include <osmo-bts/bts_model.h>
 #include <osmo-bts/measurement.h>
 #include <osmo-bts/pcu_if.h>
 #include <osmo-bts/handover.h>
@@ -1395,7 +1394,7 @@ static int rsl_rx_ipac_XXcx(struct msgb *msg)
 					  OSMO_RTP_P_JITBUF,
 					  btsb->rtp_jitter_buf_ms);
 		lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket->priv = lchan;
-		lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket->rx_cb = &bts_model_rtp_rx_cb;
+		lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket->rx_cb = &l1sap_rtp_rx_cb;
 
 		if (connect_ip && connect_port) {
 			/* if CRCX specifies a remote IP, we can bind()
diff --git a/src/osmo-bts-sysmo/l1_if.c b/src/osmo-bts-sysmo/l1_if.c
index 4a398ea..5f7b8cf 100644
--- a/src/osmo-bts-sysmo/l1_if.c
+++ b/src/osmo-bts-sysmo/l1_if.c
@@ -38,8 +38,6 @@
 #include <osmocom/gsm/gsm_utils.h>
 #include <osmocom/gsm/lapdm.h>
 
-#include <osmocom/trau/osmo_ortp.h>
-
 #include <osmo-bts/logging.h>
 #include <osmo-bts/bts.h>
 #include <osmo-bts/oml.h>
@@ -532,6 +530,93 @@ static int ph_data_req(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx, struct msgb *msg,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int ph_tch_req(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx, struct msgb *msg,
+		       struct osmo_phsap_prim *l1sap)
+{
+	struct femtol1_hdl *fl1 = trx_femtol1_hdl(trx);
+	struct gsm_lchan *lchan;
+	uint32_t u32Fn;
+	uint8_t u8Tn, subCh, u8BlockNbr = 0, sapi, ss;
+	uint8_t chan_nr;
+	GsmL1_Prim_t *l1p;
+	struct msgb *nmsg;
+
+	chan_nr = l1sap->u.tch.chan_nr;
+	u32Fn = l1sap->u.tch.fn;
+	u8Tn = L1SAP_CHAN2TS(chan_nr);
+	u8BlockNbr = (u32Fn % 13) >> 2;
+	if (L1SAP_IS_CHAN_TCHH(chan_nr)) {
+		ss = subCh = L1SAP_CHAN2SS_TCHH(chan_nr);
+		sapi = GsmL1_Sapi_TchH;
+	} else {
+		subCh = 0x1f;
+		ss = 0;
+		sapi = GsmL1_Sapi_TchF;
+	}
+
+	lchan = &trx->ts[u8Tn].lchan[ss];
+
+	/* create new message and fill data */
+	if (msg) {
+		msgb_pull(msg, sizeof(*l1sap));
+		/* create new message */
+		nmsg = l1p_msgb_alloc();
+		if (!nmsg)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		l1p = msgb_l1prim(nmsg);
+		l1if_tch_encode(lchan,
+			l1p->u.phDataReq.msgUnitParam.u8Buffer,
+			&l1p->u.phDataReq.msgUnitParam.u8Size,
+			msg->data, msg->len);
+	}
+
+	/* no message/data, we generate an empty traffic msg */
+	if (!nmsg)
+		nmsg = gen_empty_tch_msg(lchan);
+
+	/* no traffic message, we generate an empty msg */
+	if (!nmsg) {
+		nmsg = l1p_msgb_alloc();
+		if (!nmsg)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	l1p = msgb_l1prim(nmsg);
+
+	/* if we provide data, or if data is already in nmsg */
+	if (l1p->u.phDataReq.msgUnitParam.u8Size) {
+		/* data request */
+		GsmL1_PhDataReq_t *data_req = &l1p->u.phDataReq;
+
+		l1p->id = GsmL1_PrimId_PhDataReq;
+
+		data_req->hLayer1 = fl1->hLayer1;
+		data_req->u8Tn = u8Tn;
+		data_req->u32Fn = u32Fn;
+		data_req->sapi = sapi;
+		data_req->subCh = subCh;
+		data_req->u8BlockNbr = u8BlockNbr;
+	} else {
+		/* empty frame */
+		GsmL1_PhEmptyFrameReq_t *empty_req =
+						&l1p->u.phEmptyFrameReq;
+
+		l1p->id = GsmL1_PrimId_PhEmptyFrameReq;
+
+		empty_req->hLayer1 = fl1->hLayer1;
+		empty_req->u8Tn = u8Tn;
+		empty_req->u32Fn = u32Fn;
+		empty_req->sapi = sapi;
+		empty_req->subCh = subCh;
+		empty_req->u8BlockNbr = u8BlockNbr;
+	}
+	/* send message to DSP's queue */
+	osmo_wqueue_enqueue(&fl1->write_q[MQ_L1_WRITE], nmsg);
+
+	msgb_free(msg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int mph_info_req(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx, struct msgb *msg,
 		        struct osmo_phsap_prim *l1sap)
 {
@@ -580,6 +665,9 @@ int bts_model_l1sap_down(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx, struct osmo_phsap_prim *l1sap)
 	case OSMO_PRIM(PRIM_PH_DATA, PRIM_OP_REQUEST):
 		rc = ph_data_req(trx, msg, l1sap);
 		break;
+	case OSMO_PRIM(PRIM_TCH, PRIM_OP_REQUEST):
+		rc = ph_tch_req(trx, msg, l1sap);
+		break;
 	case OSMO_PRIM(PRIM_MPH_INFO, PRIM_OP_REQUEST):
 		rc = mph_info_req(trx, msg, l1sap);
 		break;
@@ -646,6 +734,12 @@ static uint8_t chan_nr_by_sapi(enum gsm_phys_chan_config pchan,
 			return 0;
 		}
 		break;
+	case GsmL1_Sapi_TchF:
+		cbits = 0x01;
+		break;
+	case GsmL1_Sapi_TchH:
+		cbits = 0x02 + subCh;
+		break;
 	case GsmL1_Sapi_Ptcch:
 		if (!L1SAP_IS_PTCCH(u32Fn)) {
 			LOGP(DL1C, LOGL_FATAL, "Not expecting PTCCH at frame "
@@ -690,7 +784,6 @@ static int handle_ph_readytosend_ind(struct femtol1_hdl *fl1,
 	uint8_t chan_nr, link_id;
 	uint32_t fn;
 
-
 	/* check if primitive should be handled by common part */
 	chan_nr = chan_nr_by_sapi(trx->ts[rts_ind->u8Tn].pchan, rts_ind->sapi,
 		rts_ind->subCh, rts_ind->u8Tn, rts_ind->u32Fn);
@@ -701,11 +794,19 @@ static int handle_ph_readytosend_ind(struct femtol1_hdl *fl1,
 		if (rc < 0)
 			MSGB_ABORT(l1p_msg, "No room for primitive\n");
 		l1sap = msgb_l1sap_prim(l1p_msg);
-		osmo_prim_init(&l1sap->oph, SAP_GSM_PH, PRIM_PH_RTS,
-			PRIM_OP_INDICATION, l1p_msg);
-		l1sap->u.data.link_id = link_id;
-		l1sap->u.data.chan_nr = chan_nr;
-		l1sap->u.data.fn = fn;
+		if (rts_ind->sapi == GsmL1_Sapi_TchF
+		 || rts_ind->sapi == GsmL1_Sapi_TchH) {
+			osmo_prim_init(&l1sap->oph, SAP_GSM_PH, PRIM_TCH_RTS,
+				PRIM_OP_INDICATION, l1p_msg);
+			l1sap->u.tch.chan_nr = chan_nr;
+			l1sap->u.tch.fn = fn;
+		} else {
+			osmo_prim_init(&l1sap->oph, SAP_GSM_PH, PRIM_PH_RTS,
+				PRIM_OP_INDICATION, l1p_msg);
+			l1sap->u.data.link_id = link_id;
+			l1sap->u.data.chan_nr = chan_nr;
+			l1sap->u.data.fn = fn;
+		}
 
 		return l1sap_up(trx, l1sap);
 	}
@@ -716,50 +817,6 @@ static int handle_ph_readytosend_ind(struct femtol1_hdl *fl1,
 		g_time.t1, g_time.t2, g_time.t3,
 		get_value_string(femtobts_l1sapi_names, rts_ind->sapi));
 
-	/* In case of TCH downlink trasnmission, we already have a l1
-	 * primitive msgb pre-allocated and pre-formatted in the
-	 * dl_tch_queue.  All we need to do is to pull it off the queue
-	 * and transmit it */
-	switch (rts_ind->sapi) {
-	case GsmL1_Sapi_TchF:
-	case GsmL1_Sapi_TchH:
-		/* resolve the L2 entity using rts_ind->hLayer2 */
-		lchan = l1if_hLayer_to_lchan(trx, rts_ind->hLayer2);
-		if (!lchan)
-			break;
-
-		if (!lchan->loopback && lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket) {
-			osmo_rtp_socket_poll(lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket);
-			/* FIXME: we _assume_ that we never miss TDMA
-			 * frames and that we always get to this point
-			 * for every to-be-transmitted voice frame.  A
-			 * better solution would be to compute
-			 * rx_user_ts based on how many TDMA frames have
-			 * elapsed since the last call */
-			lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket->rx_user_ts += GSM_RTP_DURATION;
-		}
-		/* get a msgb from the dl_tx_queue */
-		resp_msg = msgb_dequeue(&lchan->dl_tch_queue);
-		/* if there is none, try to generate empty TCH frame
-		 * like AMR SID_BAD */
-		if (!resp_msg) {
-			LOGP(DL1C, LOGL_DEBUG, "%s DL TCH Tx queue underrun\n",
-				gsm_lchan_name(lchan));
-			resp_msg = gen_empty_tch_msg(lchan);
-			/* if there really is none, break here and send empty */
-			if (!resp_msg)
-				break;
-		}
-
-		/* fill header */
-		data_req_from_rts_ind(msgb_l1prim(resp_msg), rts_ind);
-		/* actually transmit it */
-		goto tx;
-		break;
-	default:
-		break;
-	}
-
 	/* in all other cases, we need to allocate a new PH-DATA.ind
 	 * primitive msgb and start to fill it */
 	resp_msg = l1p_msgb_alloc();
@@ -820,12 +877,6 @@ static int handle_ph_readytosend_ind(struct femtol1_hdl *fl1,
 			msgb_free(pp.oph.msg);
 		}
 		break;
-	case GsmL1_Sapi_TchF:
-	case GsmL1_Sapi_TchH:
-		/* only hit in case we have a RTP underflow, as real TCH
-		 * frames are handled way above */
-		goto empty_frame;
-		break;
 	case GsmL1_Sapi_FacchF:
 	case GsmL1_Sapi_FacchH:
 		/* resolve the L2 entity using rts_ind->hLayer2 */
@@ -1044,7 +1095,7 @@ static int handle_ph_data_ind(struct femtol1_hdl *fl1, GsmL1_PhDataInd_t *data_i
 	case GsmL1_Sapi_TchF:
 	case GsmL1_Sapi_TchH:
 		/* TCH speech frame handling */
-		rc = l1if_tch_rx(lchan, l1p_msg);
+		rc = l1if_tch_rx(trx, chan_nr, l1p_msg);
 		break;
 	case GsmL1_Sapi_Pdtch:
 	case GsmL1_Sapi_Pacch:
diff --git a/src/osmo-bts-sysmo/l1_if.h b/src/osmo-bts-sysmo/l1_if.h
index b0a624d..6f58e95 100644
--- a/src/osmo-bts-sysmo/l1_if.h
+++ b/src/osmo-bts-sysmo/l1_if.h
@@ -110,7 +110,9 @@ uint32_t l1if_lchan_to_hLayer(struct gsm_lchan *lchan);
 struct gsm_lchan *l1if_hLayer_to_lchan(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx, uint32_t hLayer);
 
 /* tch.c */
-int l1if_tch_rx(struct gsm_lchan *lchan, struct msgb *l1p_msg);
+void l1if_tch_encode(struct gsm_lchan *lchan, uint8_t *data, uint8_t *len,
+	const uint8_t *rtp_pl, unsigned int rtp_pl_len);
+int l1if_tch_rx(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx, uint8_t chan_nr, struct msgb *l1p_msg);
 int l1if_tch_fill(struct gsm_lchan *lchan, uint8_t *l1_buffer);
 struct msgb *gen_empty_tch_msg(struct gsm_lchan *lchan);
 
diff --git a/src/osmo-bts-sysmo/tch.c b/src/osmo-bts-sysmo/tch.c
index d101b47..997b45b 100644
--- a/src/osmo-bts-sysmo/tch.c
+++ b/src/osmo-bts-sysmo/tch.c
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include <osmo-bts/gsm_data.h>
 #include <osmo-bts/measurement.h>
 #include <osmo-bts/amr.h>
+#include <osmo-bts/l1sap.h>
 
 #include <sysmocom/femtobts/superfemto.h>
 #include <sysmocom/femtobts/gsml1prim.h>
@@ -422,7 +423,7 @@ static int rtppayload_to_l1_amr(uint8_t *l1_payload, const uint8_t *rtp_payload,
 
 #define RTP_MSGB_ALLOC_SIZE	512
 
-/*! \brief call-back function for incoming RTP 
+/*! \brief function for incoming RTP via TCH.req
  *  \param rs RTP Socket
  *  \param[in] rtp_pl buffer containing RTP payload
  *  \param[in] rtp_pl_len length of \a rtp_pl
@@ -434,34 +435,18 @@ static int rtppayload_to_l1_amr(uint8_t *l1_payload, const uint8_t *rtp_payload,
  * yet, as things like the frame number, etc. are unknown at the time we
  * pre-fill the primtive.
  */
-void bts_model_rtp_rx_cb(struct osmo_rtp_socket *rs, const uint8_t *rtp_pl,
-			 unsigned int rtp_pl_len)
+void l1if_tch_encode(struct gsm_lchan *lchan, uint8_t *data, uint8_t *len,
+	const uint8_t *rtp_pl, unsigned int rtp_pl_len)
 {
-	struct gsm_lchan *lchan = rs->priv;
-	struct msgb *msg;
-	GsmL1_Prim_t *l1p;
-	GsmL1_PhDataReq_t *data_req;
-	GsmL1_MsgUnitParam_t *msu_param;
 	uint8_t *payload_type;
 	uint8_t *l1_payload;
 	int rc;
 
-	/* skip processing of incoming RTP frames if we are in loopback mode */
-	if (lchan->loopback)
-		return;
-
-	msg = l1p_msgb_alloc();
-	if (!msg) {
-		LOGP(DRTP, LOGL_ERROR, "%s: Failed to allocate Rx payload.\n",
-			gsm_lchan_name(lchan));
-		return;
-	}
+	DEBUGP(DRTP, "%s RTP IN: %s\n", gsm_lchan_name(lchan),
+		osmo_hexdump(rtp_pl, rtp_pl_len));
 
-	l1p = msgb_l1prim(msg);
-	data_req = &l1p->u.phDataReq;
-	msu_param = &data_req->msgUnitParam;
-	payload_type = &msu_param->u8Buffer[0];
-	l1_payload = &msu_param->u8Buffer[1];
+	payload_type = &data[0];
+	l1_payload = &data[1];
 
 	switch (lchan->tch_mode) {
 	case GSM48_CMODE_SPEECH_V1:
@@ -496,38 +481,17 @@ void bts_model_rtp_rx_cb(struct osmo_rtp_socket *rs, const uint8_t *rtp_pl,
 	if (rc < 0) {
 		LOGP(DRTP, LOGL_ERROR, "%s unable to parse RTP payload\n",
 		     gsm_lchan_name(lchan));
-		msgb_free(msg);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	msu_param->u8Size = rc + 1;
-
+	*len = rc + 1;
 
-	/* make sure the number of entries in the dl_tch_queue is never
-	 * more than 3 */
-	{
-		struct msgb *tmp;
-		int count = 0;
-
-		llist_for_each_entry(tmp, &lchan->dl_tch_queue, list)
-			count++;
-
-		DEBUGP(DL1C, "%s DL TCH queue length = %u\n",
-			gsm_lchan_name(lchan), count);
-
-		while (count >= 2) {
-			tmp = msgb_dequeue(&lchan->dl_tch_queue);
-			msgb_free(tmp);
-			count--;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* enqueue msgb to be transmitted to L1 */
-	msgb_enqueue(&lchan->dl_tch_queue, msg);
+	DEBUGP(DRTP, "%s RTP->L1: %s\n", gsm_lchan_name(lchan),
+		osmo_hexdump(data, *len));
 }
 
 /*! \brief receive a traffic L1 primitive for a given lchan */
-int l1if_tch_rx(struct gsm_lchan *lchan, struct msgb *l1p_msg)
+int l1if_tch_rx(struct gsm_bts_trx *trx, uint8_t chan_nr, struct msgb *l1p_msg)
 {
 	GsmL1_Prim_t *l1p = msgb_l1prim(l1p_msg);
 	GsmL1_PhDataInd_t *data_ind = &l1p->u.phDataInd;
@@ -535,50 +499,15 @@ int l1if_tch_rx(struct gsm_lchan *lchan, struct msgb *l1p_msg)
 	uint8_t *payload = data_ind->msgUnitParam.u8Buffer + 1;
 	uint8_t payload_len;
 	struct msgb *rmsg = NULL;
+	struct gsm_lchan *lchan = &trx->ts[L1SAP_CHAN2TS(chan_nr)].lchan[l1sap_chan2ss(chan_nr)];
 
 	if (data_ind->msgUnitParam.u8Size < 1) {
-		LOGP(DL1C, LOGL_ERROR, "%s Rx Payload size 0\n",
-			gsm_lchan_name(lchan));
+		LOGP(DL1C, LOGL_ERROR, "chan_nr %d Rx Payload size 0\n",
+			chan_nr);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 	payload_len = data_ind->msgUnitParam.u8Size - 1;
 
-	if (lchan->loopback) {
-		GsmL1_Prim_t *rl1p;
-		GsmL1_PhDataReq_t *data_req;
-		GsmL1_MsgUnitParam_t *msu_param;
-
-		struct msgb *tmp;
-		int count = 0;
-
-		/* generate a new msgb from the paylaod */
-		rmsg = l1p_msgb_alloc();
-		if (!rmsg)
-			return -ENOMEM;
-
-		rl1p = msgb_l1prim(rmsg);
-		data_req = &rl1p->u.phDataReq;
-		msu_param = &data_req->msgUnitParam;
-
-		memcpy(msu_param->u8Buffer,
-			data_ind->msgUnitParam.u8Buffer,
-			data_ind->msgUnitParam.u8Size);
-		msu_param->u8Size = data_ind->msgUnitParam.u8Size;
-
-		/* make sure the queue doesn't get too long */
-		llist_for_each_entry(tmp, &lchan->dl_tch_queue, list)
-			count++;
-		while (count >= 1) {
-			tmp = msgb_dequeue(&lchan->dl_tch_queue);
-			msgb_free(tmp);
-			count--;
-		}
-
-		msgb_enqueue(&lchan->dl_tch_queue, rmsg);
-
-		return 0;
-	}
-
 	switch (payload_type) {
 	case GsmL1_TchPlType_Fr:
 #if defined(L1_HAS_EFR) && defined(USE_L1_RTP_MODE)
@@ -622,11 +551,20 @@ int l1if_tch_rx(struct gsm_lchan *lchan, struct msgb *l1p_msg)
 	}
 
 	if (rmsg) {
-		/* hand rmsg to RTP code for transmission */
-		if (lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket)
-			osmo_rtp_send_frame(lchan->abis_ip.rtp_socket,
-					    rmsg->data, rmsg->len, 160);
-		msgb_free(rmsg);
+		struct osmo_phsap_prim *l1sap;
+
+		LOGP(DL1C, LOGL_DEBUG, "%s Rx -> RTP: %s\n",
+			gsm_lchan_name(lchan), osmo_hexdump(rmsg->data, rmsg->len));
+
+		/* add l1sap header */
+		rmsg->l2h = rmsg->data;
+		msgb_push(rmsg, sizeof(*l1sap));
+		rmsg->l1h = rmsg->data;
+		l1sap = msgb_l1sap_prim(rmsg);
+		osmo_prim_init(&l1sap->oph, SAP_GSM_PH, PRIM_TCH, PRIM_OP_INDICATION, rmsg);
+		l1sap->u.tch.chan_nr = chan_nr;
+
+		return l1sap_up(trx, l1sap);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
