diff mbox

[01/11] Improve generic strlen

Message ID 20161217065729.28561-2-rth@twiddle.net
State New
Headers show

Commit Message

Richard Henderson Dec. 17, 2016, 6:57 a.m. UTC
Extract haszero and whichzero tests into headers that can be
tailored for the architecture.

	* sysdeps/generic/haszero.h: New file.
	* sysdeps/generic/whichzero.h: New file.
	* sysdeps/generic/extractbyte.h: New file.
	* string/strlen.c: Use them.
---
 string/strlen.c               | 80 +++++++++----------------------------------
 sysdeps/generic/extractbyte.h | 34 ++++++++++++++++++
 sysdeps/generic/haszero.h     | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 sysdeps/generic/whichzero.h   | 67 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 160 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 sysdeps/generic/extractbyte.h
 create mode 100644 sysdeps/generic/haszero.h
 create mode 100644 sysdeps/generic/whichzero.h

Comments

Adhemerval Zanella Netto Dec. 19, 2016, 2:32 p.m. UTC | #1
LGTM and just a few nit below.

On 17/12/2016 04:57, Richard Henderson wrote:
> Extract haszero and whichzero tests into headers that can be
> tailored for the architecture.
> 
> 	* sysdeps/generic/haszero.h: New file.
> 	* sysdeps/generic/whichzero.h: New file.
> 	* sysdeps/generic/extractbyte.h: New file.
> 	* string/strlen.c: Use them.
> ---
>  string/strlen.c               | 80 +++++++++----------------------------------
>  sysdeps/generic/extractbyte.h | 34 ++++++++++++++++++
>  sysdeps/generic/haszero.h     | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++
>  sysdeps/generic/whichzero.h   | 67 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  4 files changed, 160 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
>  create mode 100644 sysdeps/generic/extractbyte.h
>  create mode 100644 sysdeps/generic/haszero.h
>  create mode 100644 sysdeps/generic/whichzero.h
> 
> diff --git a/string/strlen.c b/string/strlen.c
> index 4943ce2..f2a53a6 100644
> --- a/string/strlen.c
> +++ b/string/strlen.c
> @@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
>  
>  #include <string.h>
>  #include <stdlib.h>
> +#include <stdint.h>
> +#include <haszero.h>
> +#include <whichzero.h>
>  
>  #undef strlen
>  
> @@ -32,78 +35,29 @@
>  size_t
>  STRLEN (const char *str)
>  {
> -  const char *char_ptr;
> +  const char *char_ptr = str;
>    const unsigned long int *longword_ptr;
> -  unsigned long int longword, himagic, lomagic;
> +  unsigned long int longword;
> +  uintptr_t i, align;
>  
>    /* Handle the first few characters by reading one character at a time.
>       Do this until CHAR_PTR is aligned on a longword boundary.  */
> -  for (char_ptr = str; ((unsigned long int) char_ptr
> -			& (sizeof (longword) - 1)) != 0;
> -       ++char_ptr)
> +  align = -(uintptr_t)char_ptr % sizeof(longword);
> +  for (i = 0; i < align; ++i, ++char_ptr)
>      if (*char_ptr == '\0')
> -      return char_ptr - str;
> +      goto found;

Why not just return 'char_ptr - str' and get rid of label?
Richard Henderson Dec. 19, 2016, 7:28 p.m. UTC | #2
On 12/19/2016 06:32 AM, Adhemerval Zanella wrote:
>> -      return char_ptr - str;
>> +      goto found;
> Why not just return 'char_ptr - str' and get rid of label?

Premature optimization, perhaps, having looked at gcc 6 output that failed to
merge the two code paths.


r~
diff mbox

Patch

diff --git a/string/strlen.c b/string/strlen.c
index 4943ce2..f2a53a6 100644
--- a/string/strlen.c
+++ b/string/strlen.c
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ 
 
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <haszero.h>
+#include <whichzero.h>
 
 #undef strlen
 
@@ -32,78 +35,29 @@ 
 size_t
 STRLEN (const char *str)
 {
-  const char *char_ptr;
+  const char *char_ptr = str;
   const unsigned long int *longword_ptr;
-  unsigned long int longword, himagic, lomagic;
+  unsigned long int longword;
+  uintptr_t i, align;
 
   /* Handle the first few characters by reading one character at a time.
      Do this until CHAR_PTR is aligned on a longword boundary.  */
-  for (char_ptr = str; ((unsigned long int) char_ptr
-			& (sizeof (longword) - 1)) != 0;
-       ++char_ptr)
+  align = -(uintptr_t)char_ptr % sizeof(longword);
+  for (i = 0; i < align; ++i, ++char_ptr)
     if (*char_ptr == '\0')
-      return char_ptr - str;
+      goto found;
 
-  /* All these elucidatory comments refer to 4-byte longwords,
-     but the theory applies equally well to 8-byte longwords.  */
-
-  longword_ptr = (unsigned long int *) char_ptr;
-
-  /* Bits 31, 24, 16, and 8 of this number are zero.  Call these bits
-     the "holes."  Note that there is a hole just to the left of
-     each byte, with an extra at the end:
-
-     bits:  01111110 11111110 11111110 11111111
-     bytes: AAAAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD
-
-     The 1-bits make sure that carries propagate to the next 0-bit.
-     The 0-bits provide holes for carries to fall into.  */
-  himagic = 0x80808080L;
-  lomagic = 0x01010101L;
-  if (sizeof (longword) > 4)
-    {
-      /* 64-bit version of the magic.  */
-      /* Do the shift in two steps to avoid a warning if long has 32 bits.  */
-      himagic = ((himagic << 16) << 16) | himagic;
-      lomagic = ((lomagic << 16) << 16) | lomagic;
-    }
-  if (sizeof (longword) > 8)
-    abort ();
-
-  /* Instead of the traditional loop which tests each character,
-     we will test a longword at a time.  The tricky part is testing
-     if *any of the four* bytes in the longword in question are zero.  */
-  for (;;)
+  longword_ptr = (const unsigned long int *) char_ptr;
+  do
     {
       longword = *longword_ptr++;
+    }
+  while (!haszero(longword));
 
-      if (((longword - lomagic) & ~longword & himagic) != 0)
-	{
-	  /* Which of the bytes was the zero?  If none of them were, it was
-	     a misfire; continue the search.  */
-
-	  const char *cp = (const char *) (longword_ptr - 1);
+  char_ptr = (const char *) (longword_ptr - 1);
+  char_ptr += whichzero(longword);
 
-	  if (cp[0] == 0)
-	    return cp - str;
-	  if (cp[1] == 0)
-	    return cp - str + 1;
-	  if (cp[2] == 0)
-	    return cp - str + 2;
-	  if (cp[3] == 0)
-	    return cp - str + 3;
-	  if (sizeof (longword) > 4)
-	    {
-	      if (cp[4] == 0)
-		return cp - str + 4;
-	      if (cp[5] == 0)
-		return cp - str + 5;
-	      if (cp[6] == 0)
-		return cp - str + 6;
-	      if (cp[7] == 0)
-		return cp - str + 7;
-	    }
-	}
-    }
+ found:
+  return char_ptr - str;
 }
 libc_hidden_builtin_def (strlen)
diff --git a/sysdeps/generic/extractbyte.h b/sysdeps/generic/extractbyte.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ace2cda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sysdeps/generic/extractbyte.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ 
+/* extractbyte.h -- function memory order byte extract.  Generic C version.
+   Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#ifndef EXTRACTBYTE_H
+#define EXTRACTBYTE_H	1
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <endian.h>
+
+static inline unsigned char
+extractbyte(unsigned long int x, unsigned idx)
+{
+  if (__BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+    return x >> (idx * CHAR_BIT);
+  else
+    return x >> (sizeof(x) - 1 - idx) * CHAR_BIT;
+}
+
+#endif /* EXTRACTBYTE_H */
diff --git a/sysdeps/generic/haszero.h b/sysdeps/generic/haszero.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..084741c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sysdeps/generic/haszero.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ 
+/* haszero.h -- function for zero byte detection.  Generic C version.
+   Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#ifndef HASZERO_H
+#define HASZERO_H	1
+
+/* See https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#ZeroInWord */
+
+static inline unsigned long int
+haszero(unsigned long int x)
+{
+  unsigned long int ones = -1UL / 0xff;
+  unsigned long int signs = ones * 0x80;
+  return (x - ones) & ~x & signs;
+}
+
+/* Likewise, but for two words simultaneously.  */
+
+static inline unsigned long int
+haszero2(unsigned long int x1, unsigned long int x2)
+{
+  unsigned long int ones = -1UL / 0xff;
+  unsigned long int signs = ones * 0x80;
+  return (((x1 - ones) & ~x1) | ((x2 - ones) & ~x2)) & signs;
+}
+
+#endif /* haszero.h */
diff --git a/sysdeps/generic/whichzero.h b/sysdeps/generic/whichzero.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..346b09a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sysdeps/generic/whichzero.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ 
+/* whichzero.h -- functions for zero byte searching.  Generic C version.
+   Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#ifndef WHICHZERO_H
+#define WHICHZERO_H 1
+
+#include <endian.h>
+
+/* A subroutine for the whichzero and whichzero2 functions.  Given a
+   test word C, return the index of the first byte in memory order
+   that contains 0x80 (all other bits will be zero).  */
+
+static inline unsigned int
+whichzero_ffs(unsigned long int c)
+{
+  if (__BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+    return __builtin_ctzl (c) / 8u;
+  else
+    return __builtin_clzl (c) / 8u;
+}
+
+/* Given a long that is known to contain a zero byte, return the
+   index of the first such within the long in host memory order.  */
+
+static inline unsigned int
+whichzero(unsigned long int x)
+{
+  /* For each byte, find not-zero by
+     (0) And 0x7f so that we cannot carry between bytes,
+     (1) Add 0x7f so that we carry into 0x80,
+     (2) Or in the original byte which might have contained 0x80.
+     Then invert and mask such that 0x80 is set iff the byte was zero.  */
+  unsigned long int m = (-1UL / 0xff) * 0x7f;
+  unsigned long int c = ~(((x & m) + m) | x | m);
+
+  return whichzero_ffs(c);
+}
+
+/* Similarly, but perform the test for two longs simultaneously.  */
+
+static inline unsigned int
+whichzero2(unsigned long int x1, unsigned long int x2)
+{
+  unsigned long int m = (-1UL / 0xff) * 0x7f;
+  unsigned long int c1 = ((x1 & m) + m) | x1;
+  unsigned long int c2 = ((x2 & m) + m) | x2;
+  unsigned long int c = ~((c1 & c2) | m);
+
+  return whichzero_ffs(c);
+}
+
+#endif /* whichzero.h */