diff --git a/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-protos.h b/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-protos.h
index 1d2f8487d1a..c7b96b12bbe 100644
--- a/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-protos.h
+++ b/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-protos.h
@@ -624,4 +624,21 @@ poly_uint64 aarch64_regmode_natural_size (machine_mode);
 
 bool aarch64_high_bits_all_ones_p (HOST_WIDE_INT);
 
+struct atomic_ool_names
+{
+    const char *str[4][4];
+};
+
+rtx aarch64_atomic_ool_func(machine_mode mode, rtx model_rtx,
+			    const atomic_ool_names *names);
+extern const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_swp_names;
+extern const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_stadd_names;
+extern const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_stset_names;
+extern const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_stclr_names;
+extern const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_steor_names;
+extern const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_ldadd_names;
+extern const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_ldset_names;
+extern const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_ldclr_names;
+extern const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_ldeor_names;
+
 #endif /* GCC_AARCH64_PROTOS_H */
diff --git a/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64.c b/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64.c
index 867759f7e80..49b47382b5d 100644
--- a/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64.c
+++ b/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64.c
@@ -14160,6 +14160,90 @@ aarch64_emit_unlikely_jump (rtx insn)
   add_reg_br_prob_note (jump, profile_probability::very_unlikely ());
 }
 
+/* We store the names of the various atomic helpers in a 4x4 array.
+   Return the libcall function given MODE, MODEL and NAMES.  */
+
+rtx
+aarch64_atomic_ool_func(machine_mode mode, rtx model_rtx,
+			const atomic_ool_names *names)
+{
+  memmodel model = memmodel_base (INTVAL (model_rtx));
+  int mode_idx, model_idx;
+
+  switch (mode)
+    {
+    case E_QImode:
+      mode_idx = 0;
+      break;
+    case E_HImode:
+      mode_idx = 1;
+      break;
+    case E_SImode:
+      mode_idx = 2;
+      break;
+    case E_DImode:
+      mode_idx = 3;
+      break;
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  switch (model)
+    {
+    case MEMMODEL_RELAXED:
+      model_idx = 0;
+      break;
+    case MEMMODEL_CONSUME:
+    case MEMMODEL_ACQUIRE:
+      model_idx = 1;
+      break;
+    case MEMMODEL_RELEASE:
+      model_idx = 2;
+      break;
+    case MEMMODEL_ACQ_REL:
+    case MEMMODEL_SEQ_CST:
+      model_idx = 3;
+      break;
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  return init_one_libfunc_visibility (names->str[mode_idx][model_idx],
+				      VISIBILITY_HIDDEN);
+}
+
+#define DEF0(B, N) \
+  { "__aa64_" #B #N "_relax", \
+    "__aa64_" #B #N "_acq", \
+    "__aa64_" #B #N "_rel", \
+    "__aa64_" #B #N "_acq_rel" }
+
+#define DEF4(B)  DEF0(B, 1), DEF0(B, 2), DEF0(B, 4), DEF0(B, 8)
+
+static const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_cas_names = { { DEF4(cas) } };
+const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_swp_names = { { DEF4(swp) } };
+const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_ldadd_names = { { DEF4(ldadd) } };
+const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_ldset_names = { { DEF4(ldset) } };
+const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_ldclr_names = { { DEF4(ldclr) } };
+const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_ldeor_names = { { DEF4(ldeor) } };
+
+/* Note that the store forms are only available for relax and release
+   memory models.  For the other models, re-use the load forms.  */
+#undef DEF0
+#define DEF0(B, N) \
+  { "__aa64_st" #B #N "_relax", \
+    "__aa64_ld" #B #N "_acq", \
+    "__aa64_st" #B #N "_rel", \
+    "__aa64_ld" #B #N "_acq_rel" }
+
+const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_stadd_names = { { DEF4(add) } };
+const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_stset_names = { { DEF4(set) } };
+const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_stclr_names = { { DEF4(clr) } };
+const atomic_ool_names aarch64_ool_steor_names = { { DEF4(eor) } };
+
+#undef DEF0
+#undef DEF4
+
 /* Expand a compare and swap pattern.  */
 
 void
@@ -14206,6 +14290,17 @@ aarch64_expand_compare_and_swap (rtx operands[])
 						   newval, mod_s));
       cc_reg = aarch64_gen_compare_reg_maybe_ze (NE, rval, oldval, mode);
     }
+  else if (TARGET_ATOMIC_OOL)
+    {
+      /* Oldval must satisfy compare afterward.  */
+      if (!aarch64_plus_operand (oldval, mode))
+	oldval = force_reg (mode, oldval);
+      rtx func = aarch64_atomic_ool_func (mode, mod_s, &aarch64_ool_cas_names);
+      rval = emit_library_call_value (func, NULL_RTX, LCT_NORMAL, r_mode,
+				      oldval, mode, newval, mode,
+				      XEXP (mem, 0), ptr_mode);
+      cc_reg = aarch64_gen_compare_reg_maybe_ze (NE, rval, oldval, mode);
+    }
   else
     {
       /* The oldval predicate varies by mode.  Test it and force to reg.  */
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-comp-swap-release-acquire.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-comp-swap-release-acquire.c
index 49ca5d0d09c..e92f205c3a8 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-comp-swap-release-acquire.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-comp-swap-release-acquire.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -fno-ipa-icf" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -fno-ipa-icf -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "atomic-comp-swap-release-acquire.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-acq_rel.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-acq_rel.c
index 74f26348e42..6965431f7d9 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-acq_rel.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-acq_rel.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "atomic-op-acq_rel.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-acquire.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-acquire.c
index 66c1b1efe20..07dbca49d56 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-acquire.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-acquire.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "atomic-op-acquire.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-char.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-char.c
index c09d0434ecf..73bfbb7afc9 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-char.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-char.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "atomic-op-char.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-consume.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-consume.c
index 5783ab84f5c..c7945b3a22d 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-consume.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-consume.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "atomic-op-consume.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-imm.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-imm.c
index 18b8f0b04e9..e46bb3de7c1 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-imm.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-imm.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 int v = 0;
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-int.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-int.c
index 8520f0839ba..9b55deb5225 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-int.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-int.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "atomic-op-int.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-long.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-long.c
index d011f8c5ce2..2622f75331f 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-long.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-long.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 long v = 0;
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-relaxed.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-relaxed.c
index ed96bfdb978..f118a37a352 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-relaxed.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-relaxed.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "atomic-op-relaxed.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-release.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-release.c
index fc4be17de89..579634b08e8 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-release.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-release.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "atomic-op-release.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-seq_cst.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-seq_cst.c
index 613000fe490..016b0d6619f 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-seq_cst.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-seq_cst.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "atomic-op-seq_cst.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-short.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-short.c
index e82c8118ece..978bd1d8377 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-short.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic-op-short.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "atomic-op-short.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic_cmp_exchange_zero_reg_1.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic_cmp_exchange_zero_reg_1.c
index f2a21ddf2e1..77430ecdbce 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic_cmp_exchange_zero_reg_1.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic_cmp_exchange_zero_reg_1.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-O2 -march=armv8-a+nolse" } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -march=armv8-a+nolse -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 /* { dg-skip-if "" { *-*-* } { "-mcpu=*" } { "" } } */
 
 int
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic_cmp_exchange_zero_strong_1.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic_cmp_exchange_zero_strong_1.c
index 8d2ae67dfbe..7d58b2f6bd0 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic_cmp_exchange_zero_strong_1.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/atomic_cmp_exchange_zero_strong_1.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-O2 -march=armv8-a+nolse" } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -march=armv8-a+nolse -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 /* { dg-skip-if "" { *-*-* } { "-mcpu=*" } { "" } } */
 
 int
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sync-comp-swap.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sync-comp-swap.c
index e571b2f13b3..7fc5885d0fd 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sync-comp-swap.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sync-comp-swap.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -fno-ipa-icf" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -fno-ipa-icf -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "sync-comp-swap.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sync-op-acquire.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sync-op-acquire.c
index 357bf1be3b2..6ad0daa8998 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sync-op-acquire.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sync-op-acquire.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "sync-op-acquire.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sync-op-full.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sync-op-full.c
index c6ba1629965..9a7afeb70d3 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sync-op-full.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sync-op-full.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* { dg-do compile } */
-/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2" } */
+/* { dg-options "-march=armv8-a+nolse -O2 -mno-atomic-ool" } */
 
 #include "sync-op-full.x"
 
diff --git a/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64.opt b/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64.opt
index b2e80cbf6f1..83166834165 100644
--- a/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64.opt
+++ b/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64.opt
@@ -218,3 +218,7 @@ Enables verbose cost model dumping in the debug dump files.
 mtrack-speculation
 Target Var(aarch64_track_speculation)
 Generate code to track when the CPU might be speculating incorrectly.
+
+matomic-ool
+Target Report Mask(ATOMIC_OOL) Save
+Generate local calls to out-of-line atomic operations.
diff --git a/gcc/config/aarch64/atomics.md b/gcc/config/aarch64/atomics.md
index ee662a4480e..72f9962fe55 100644
--- a/gcc/config/aarch64/atomics.md
+++ b/gcc/config/aarch64/atomics.md
@@ -140,16 +140,27 @@
   (match_operand:SI 3 "const_int_operand" "")]
   ""
   {
-    rtx (*gen) (rtx, rtx, rtx, rtx);
-
     /* Use an atomic SWP when available.  */
     if (TARGET_LSE)
-      gen = gen_aarch64_atomic_exchange<mode>_lse;
+      {
+	emit_insn (gen_aarch64_atomic_exchange<mode>_lse
+		   (operands[0], operands[1], operands[2], operands[3]));
+      }
+    else if (TARGET_ATOMIC_OOL)
+      {
+	machine_mode mode = <MODE>mode;
+	rtx func = aarch64_atomic_ool_func (mode, operands[3],
+					    &aarch64_ool_swp_names);
+	rtx rval = emit_library_call_value (func, operands[0], LCT_NORMAL,
+					    mode, operands[2], mode,
+					    XEXP (operands[1], 0), ptr_mode);
+        emit_move_insn (operands[0], rval);
+      }
     else
-      gen = gen_aarch64_atomic_exchange<mode>;
-
-    emit_insn (gen (operands[0], operands[1], operands[2], operands[3]));
-
+      {
+	emit_insn (gen_aarch64_atomic_exchange<mode>
+		   (operands[0], operands[1], operands[2], operands[3]));
+      }
     DONE;
   }
 )
@@ -234,6 +245,39 @@
 	  }
 	operands[1] = force_reg (<MODE>mode, operands[1]);
       }
+    else if (TARGET_ATOMIC_OOL)
+      {
+        const atomic_ool_names *names;
+	switch (<CODE>)
+	  {
+	  case MINUS:
+	    operands[1] = expand_simple_unop (<MODE>mode, NEG, operands[1],
+					      NULL, 1);
+	    /* fallthru */
+	  case PLUS:
+	    names = &aarch64_ool_stadd_names;
+	    break;
+	  case IOR:
+	    names = &aarch64_ool_stset_names;
+	    break;
+	  case XOR:
+	    names = &aarch64_ool_steor_names;
+	    break;
+	  case AND:
+	    operands[1] = expand_simple_unop (<MODE>mode, NOT, operands[1],
+					      NULL, 1);
+	    names = &aarch64_ool_stclr_names;
+	    break;
+	  default:
+	    gcc_unreachable ();
+	  }
+        machine_mode mode = <MODE>mode;
+	rtx func = aarch64_atomic_ool_func (mode, operands[2], names);
+	emit_library_call_value (func, NULL_RTX, LCT_NORMAL, mode,
+				 operands[1], mode,
+				 XEXP (operands[0], 0), ptr_mode);
+        DONE;
+      }
     else
       gen = gen_aarch64_atomic_<atomic_optab><mode>;
 
@@ -350,6 +394,40 @@
 	}
       operands[2] = force_reg (<MODE>mode, operands[2]);
     }
+  else if (TARGET_ATOMIC_OOL)
+    {
+      const atomic_ool_names *names;
+      switch (<CODE>)
+	{
+	case MINUS:
+	  operands[2] = expand_simple_unop (<MODE>mode, NEG, operands[2],
+					    NULL, 1);
+	  /* fallthru */
+	case PLUS:
+	  names = &aarch64_ool_ldadd_names;
+	  break;
+	case IOR:
+	  names = &aarch64_ool_ldset_names;
+	  break;
+	case XOR:
+	  names = &aarch64_ool_ldeor_names;
+	  break;
+	case AND:
+	  operands[2] = expand_simple_unop (<MODE>mode, NOT, operands[2],
+					    NULL, 1);
+	  names = &aarch64_ool_ldclr_names;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  gcc_unreachable ();
+	}
+      machine_mode mode = <MODE>mode;
+      rtx func = aarch64_atomic_ool_func (mode, operands[3], names);
+      rtx rval = emit_library_call_value (func, operands[0], LCT_NORMAL, mode,
+					  operands[2], mode,
+					  XEXP (operands[1], 0), ptr_mode);
+      emit_move_insn (operands[0], rval);
+      DONE;
+    }
   else
     gen = gen_aarch64_atomic_fetch_<atomic_optab><mode>;
 
@@ -439,7 +517,7 @@
 {
   /* Use an atomic load-operate instruction when possible.  In this case
      we will re-compute the result from the original mem value. */
-  if (TARGET_LSE)
+  if (TARGET_LSE || TARGET_ATOMIC_OOL)
     {
       rtx tmp = gen_reg_rtx (<MODE>mode);
       operands[2] = force_reg (<MODE>mode, operands[2]);
diff --git a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
index 5c95f674e0c..c947abea899 100644
--- a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
+++ b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ Objective-C and Objective-C++ Dialects}.
 -mpc-relative-literal-loads @gol
 -msign-return-address=@var{scope} @gol
 -march=@var{name}  -mcpu=@var{name}  -mtune=@var{name}  @gol
--moverride=@var{string}  -mverbose-cost-dump -mtrack-speculation} 
+-moverride=@var{string}  -mverbose-cost-dump -mtrack-speculation -matomic-ool} 
 
 @emph{Adapteva Epiphany Options}
 @gccoptlist{-mhalf-reg-file  -mprefer-short-insn-regs @gol
@@ -15057,6 +15057,18 @@ be used by the compiler when expanding calls to
 @code{__builtin_speculation_safe_copy} to permit a more efficient code
 sequence to be generated.
 
+@item -matomic-ool
+@itemx -mno-atomic-ool
+Enable or disable calls to out-of-line helpers to implement atomic operations.
+These helpers will, at runtime, determine if ARMv8.1-Atomics instructions
+should be used; if not, they will use the load/store-exclusive instructions
+that are present in the base ARMv8.0 ISA.
+
+This option is only applicable when compiling for the base ARMv8.0
+instruction set.  If using a later revision, e.g. @option{-march=armv8.1-a}
+or @option{-march=armv8-a+lse}, the ARMv8.1-Atomics instructions will be
+used directly.
+
 @item -march=@var{name}
 @opindex march
 Specify the name of the target architecture and, optionally, one or
