diff --git a/gcc/config/riscv/riscv.c b/gcc/config/riscv/riscv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..834651f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/config/riscv/riscv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4138 @@
+/* Subroutines used for code generation for RISC-V.
+   Copyright (C) 2011-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by Andrew Waterman (andrew@sifive.com).
+   Based on MIPS target for GNU compiler.
+
+This file is part of GCC.
+
+GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+any later version.
+
+GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "tm.h"
+#include "rtl.h"
+#include "regs.h"
+#include "hard-reg-set.h"
+#include "insn-config.h"
+#include "conditions.h"
+#include "insn-attr.h"
+#include "recog.h"
+#include "output.h"
+#include "hash-set.h"
+#include "machmode.h"
+#include "vec.h"
+#include "double-int.h"
+#include "input.h"
+#include "alias.h"
+#include "symtab.h"
+#include "wide-int.h"
+#include "inchash.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "fold-const.h"
+#include "varasm.h"
+#include "stringpool.h"
+#include "stor-layout.h"
+#include "calls.h"
+#include "function.h"
+#include "hashtab.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "statistics.h"
+#include "real.h"
+#include "fixed-value.h"
+#include "expmed.h"
+#include "dojump.h"
+#include "explow.h"
+#include "memmodel.h"
+#include "emit-rtl.h"
+#include "stmt.h"
+#include "expr.h"
+#include "insn-codes.h"
+#include "optabs.h"
+#include "libfuncs.h"
+#include "reload.h"
+#include "tm_p.h"
+#include "ggc.h"
+#include "gstab.h"
+#include "hash-table.h"
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "target.h"
+#include "target-def.h"
+#include "common/common-target.h"
+#include "langhooks.h"
+#include "dominance.h"
+#include "cfg.h"
+#include "cfgrtl.h"
+#include "cfganal.h"
+#include "lcm.h"
+#include "cfgbuild.h"
+#include "cfgcleanup.h"
+#include "predict.h"
+#include "basic-block.h"
+#include "bitmap.h"
+#include "regset.h"
+#include "df.h"
+#include "sched-int.h"
+#include "tree-ssa-alias.h"
+#include "internal-fn.h"
+#include "gimple-fold.h"
+#include "tree-eh.h"
+#include "gimple-expr.h"
+#include "is-a.h"
+#include "gimple.h"
+#include "gimplify.h"
+#include "diagnostic.h"
+#include "target-globals.h"
+#include "opts.h"
+#include "tree-pass.h"
+#include "context.h"
+#include "hash-map.h"
+#include "plugin-api.h"
+#include "ipa-ref.h"
+#include "cgraph.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "rtl-iter.h"
+
+/* True if X is an UNSPEC wrapper around a SYMBOL_REF or LABEL_REF.  */
+#define UNSPEC_ADDRESS_P(X)					\
+  (GET_CODE (X) == UNSPEC					\
+   && XINT (X, 1) >= UNSPEC_ADDRESS_FIRST			\
+   && XINT (X, 1) < UNSPEC_ADDRESS_FIRST + NUM_SYMBOL_TYPES)
+
+/* Extract the symbol or label from UNSPEC wrapper X.  */
+#define UNSPEC_ADDRESS(X) \
+  XVECEXP (X, 0, 0)
+
+/* Extract the symbol type from UNSPEC wrapper X.  */
+#define UNSPEC_ADDRESS_TYPE(X) \
+  ((enum riscv_symbol_type) (XINT (X, 1) - UNSPEC_ADDRESS_FIRST))
+
+/* True if bit BIT is set in VALUE.  */
+#define BITSET_P(VALUE, BIT) (((VALUE) & (1ULL << (BIT))) != 0)
+
+/* Classifies an address.
+
+   ADDRESS_REG
+       A natural register + offset address.  The register satisfies
+       riscv_valid_base_register_p and the offset is a const_arith_operand.
+
+   ADDRESS_LO_SUM
+       A LO_SUM rtx.  The first operand is a valid base register and
+       the second operand is a symbolic address.
+
+   ADDRESS_CONST_INT
+       A signed 16-bit constant address.
+
+   ADDRESS_SYMBOLIC:
+       A constant symbolic address.  */
+enum riscv_address_type {
+  ADDRESS_REG,
+  ADDRESS_LO_SUM,
+  ADDRESS_CONST_INT,
+  ADDRESS_SYMBOLIC
+};
+
+/* Information about a function's frame layout.  */
+struct GTY(())  riscv_frame_info {
+  /* The size of the frame in bytes.  */
+  HOST_WIDE_INT total_size;
+
+  /* Bit X is set if the function saves or restores GPR X.  */
+  unsigned int mask;
+
+  /* Likewise FPR X.  */
+  unsigned int fmask;
+
+  /* How much the GPR save/restore routines adjust sp (or 0 if unused).  */
+  unsigned save_libcall_adjustment;
+
+  /* Offsets of fixed-point and floating-point save areas from frame bottom */
+  HOST_WIDE_INT gp_sp_offset;
+  HOST_WIDE_INT fp_sp_offset;
+
+  /* Offset of virtual frame pointer from stack pointer/frame bottom */
+  HOST_WIDE_INT frame_pointer_offset;
+
+  /* Offset of hard frame pointer from stack pointer/frame bottom */
+  HOST_WIDE_INT hard_frame_pointer_offset;
+
+  /* The offset of arg_pointer_rtx from the bottom of the frame.  */
+  HOST_WIDE_INT arg_pointer_offset;
+};
+
+struct GTY(())  machine_function {
+  /* The number of extra stack bytes taken up by register varargs.
+     This area is allocated by the callee at the very top of the frame.  */
+  int varargs_size;
+
+  /* Memoized return value of leaf_function_p.  <0 if false, >0 if true.  */
+  int is_leaf;
+
+  /* The current frame information, calculated by riscv_compute_frame_info.  */
+  struct riscv_frame_info frame;
+};
+
+/* Information about a single argument.  */
+struct riscv_arg_info {
+  /* True if the argument is at least partially passed on the stack.  */
+  bool stack_p;
+
+  /* The number of integer registers allocated to this argument.  */
+  unsigned int num_gprs;
+
+  /* The offset of the first register used, provided num_gprs is nonzero.
+     If passed entirely on the stack, the value is MAX_ARGS_IN_REGISTERS.  */
+  unsigned int gpr_offset;
+
+  /* The number of floating-point registers allocated to this argument.  */
+  unsigned int num_fprs;
+
+  /* The offset of the first register used, provided num_fprs is nonzero.  */
+  unsigned int fpr_offset;
+};
+
+/* Information about an address described by riscv_address_type.
+
+   ADDRESS_CONST_INT
+       No fields are used.
+
+   ADDRESS_REG
+       REG is the base register and OFFSET is the constant offset.
+
+   ADDRESS_LO_SUM
+       REG and OFFSET are the operands to the LO_SUM and SYMBOL_TYPE
+       is the type of symbol it references.
+
+   ADDRESS_SYMBOLIC
+       SYMBOL_TYPE is the type of symbol that the address references.  */
+struct riscv_address_info {
+  enum riscv_address_type type;
+  rtx reg;
+  rtx offset;
+  enum riscv_symbol_type symbol_type;
+};
+
+/* One stage in a constant building sequence.  These sequences have
+   the form:
+
+	A = VALUE[0]
+	A = A CODE[1] VALUE[1]
+	A = A CODE[2] VALUE[2]
+	...
+
+   where A is an accumulator, each CODE[i] is a binary rtl operation
+   and each VALUE[i] is a constant integer.  CODE[0] is undefined.  */
+struct riscv_integer_op {
+  enum rtx_code code;
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT value;
+};
+
+/* The largest number of operations needed to load an integer constant.
+   The worst case is LUI, ADDI, SLLI, ADDI, SLLI, ADDI, SLLI, ADDI.  */
+#define RISCV_MAX_INTEGER_OPS 8
+
+/* Costs of various operations on the different architectures.  */
+
+struct riscv_tune_info
+{
+  unsigned short fp_add[2];
+  unsigned short fp_mul[2];
+  unsigned short fp_div[2];
+  unsigned short int_mul[2];
+  unsigned short int_div[2];
+  unsigned short issue_rate;
+  unsigned short branch_cost;
+  unsigned short memory_cost;
+};
+
+/* Information about one CPU we know about.  */
+struct riscv_cpu_info {
+  /* This CPU's canonical name.  */
+  const char *name;
+
+  /* Tuning parameters for this CPU.  */
+  const struct riscv_tune_info *tune_info;
+};
+
+/* Global variables for machine-dependent things.  */
+
+/* Which tuning parameters to use.  */
+static const struct riscv_tune_info *tune_info;
+
+/* Index R is the smallest register class that contains register R.  */
+const enum reg_class riscv_regno_to_class[FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER] = {
+  GR_REGS,	GR_REGS,	GR_REGS,	GR_REGS,
+  GR_REGS,	GR_REGS,	SIBCALL_REGS,	SIBCALL_REGS,
+  JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,
+  JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,
+  JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS, 	JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,
+  JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,
+  JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,	JALR_REGS,
+  SIBCALL_REGS,	SIBCALL_REGS,	SIBCALL_REGS,	SIBCALL_REGS,
+  FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,
+  FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,
+  FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,
+  FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,
+  FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,
+  FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,
+  FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,
+  FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,	FP_REGS,
+  FRAME_REGS,	FRAME_REGS,
+};
+
+/* Costs to use when optimizing for rocket.  */
+static const struct riscv_tune_info rocket_tune_info = {
+  {COSTS_N_INSNS (4), COSTS_N_INSNS (5)},	/* fp_add */
+  {COSTS_N_INSNS (4), COSTS_N_INSNS (5)},	/* fp_mul */
+  {COSTS_N_INSNS (20), COSTS_N_INSNS (20)},	/* fp_div */
+  {COSTS_N_INSNS (4), COSTS_N_INSNS (4)},	/* int_mul */
+  {COSTS_N_INSNS (6), COSTS_N_INSNS (6)},	/* int_div */
+  1,						/* issue_rate */
+  3,						/* branch_cost */
+  5						/* memory_cost */
+};
+
+/* Costs to use when optimizing for size.  */
+static const struct riscv_tune_info optimize_size_tune_info = {
+  {COSTS_N_INSNS (1), COSTS_N_INSNS (1)},	/* fp_add */
+  {COSTS_N_INSNS (1), COSTS_N_INSNS (1)},	/* fp_mul */
+  {COSTS_N_INSNS (1), COSTS_N_INSNS (1)},	/* fp_div */
+  {COSTS_N_INSNS (1), COSTS_N_INSNS (1)},	/* int_mul */
+  {COSTS_N_INSNS (1), COSTS_N_INSNS (1)},	/* int_div */
+  1,						/* issue_rate */
+  1,						/* branch_cost */
+  2						/* memory_cost */
+};
+
+/* A table describing all the processors GCC knows about.  */
+static const struct riscv_cpu_info riscv_cpu_info_table[] = {
+  { "rocket", &rocket_tune_info },
+};
+
+/* Return the riscv_cpu_info entry for the given name string.  */
+
+static const struct riscv_cpu_info *
+riscv_parse_cpu (const char *cpu_string)
+{
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (riscv_cpu_info_table); i++)
+    if (strcmp (riscv_cpu_info_table[i].name, cpu_string) == 0)
+      return riscv_cpu_info_table + i;
+
+  error ("unknown cpu %qs for -mtune", cpu_string);
+  return riscv_cpu_info_table;
+}
+
+/* Helper function for riscv_build_integer; arguments are as for
+   riscv_build_integer.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_build_integer_1 (struct riscv_integer_op codes[RISCV_MAX_INTEGER_OPS],
+		       HOST_WIDE_INT value, enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  HOST_WIDE_INT low_part = CONST_LOW_PART (value);
+  int cost = RISCV_MAX_INTEGER_OPS + 1, alt_cost;
+  struct riscv_integer_op alt_codes[RISCV_MAX_INTEGER_OPS];
+
+  if (SMALL_OPERAND (value) || LUI_OPERAND (value))
+    {
+      /* Simply ADDI or LUI.  */
+      codes[0].code = UNKNOWN;
+      codes[0].value = value;
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+  /* End with ADDI.  When constructing HImode constants, do not generate any
+     intermediate value that is not itself a valid HImode constant.  The
+     XORI case below will handle those remaining HImode constants.  */
+  if (low_part != 0 && (mode != HImode || value - low_part <= INT16_MAX))
+    {
+      alt_cost = 1 + riscv_build_integer_1 (alt_codes, value - low_part, mode);
+      if (alt_cost < cost)
+	{
+	  alt_codes[alt_cost-1].code = PLUS;
+	  alt_codes[alt_cost-1].value = low_part;
+	  memcpy (codes, alt_codes, sizeof (alt_codes));
+	  cost = alt_cost;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* End with XORI.  */
+  if (cost > 2 && (low_part < 0 || mode == HImode))
+    {
+      alt_cost = 1 + riscv_build_integer_1 (alt_codes, value ^ low_part, mode);
+      if (alt_cost < cost)
+	{
+	  alt_codes[alt_cost-1].code = XOR;
+	  alt_codes[alt_cost-1].value = low_part;
+	  memcpy (codes, alt_codes, sizeof (alt_codes));
+	  cost = alt_cost;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Eliminate trailing zeros and end with SLLI.  */
+  if (cost > 2 && (value & 1) == 0)
+    {
+      int shift = ctz_hwi (value);
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT x = value;
+      x = sext_hwi (x >> shift, HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT - shift);
+
+      /* Don't eliminate the lower 12 bits if LUI might apply.  */
+      if (shift > IMM_BITS && !SMALL_OPERAND (x) && LUI_OPERAND (x << IMM_BITS))
+	shift -= IMM_BITS, x <<= IMM_BITS;
+
+      alt_cost = 1 + riscv_build_integer_1 (alt_codes, x, mode);
+      if (alt_cost < cost)
+	{
+	  alt_codes[alt_cost-1].code = ASHIFT;
+	  alt_codes[alt_cost-1].value = shift;
+	  memcpy (codes, alt_codes, sizeof (alt_codes));
+	  cost = alt_cost;
+	}
+    }
+
+  gcc_assert (cost <= RISCV_MAX_INTEGER_OPS);
+  return cost;
+}
+
+/* Fill CODES with a sequence of rtl operations to load VALUE.
+   Return the number of operations needed.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_build_integer (struct riscv_integer_op *codes, HOST_WIDE_INT value,
+		     enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  int cost = riscv_build_integer_1 (codes, value, mode);
+
+  /* Eliminate leading zeros and end with SRLI.  */
+  if (value > 0 && cost > 2)
+    {
+      struct riscv_integer_op alt_codes[RISCV_MAX_INTEGER_OPS];
+      int alt_cost, shift = clz_hwi (value);
+      HOST_WIDE_INT shifted_val;
+
+      /* Try filling trailing bits with 1s.  */
+      shifted_val = (value << shift) | ((((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1) << shift) - 1);
+      alt_cost = 1 + riscv_build_integer_1 (alt_codes, shifted_val, mode);
+      if (alt_cost < cost)
+	{
+	  alt_codes[alt_cost-1].code = LSHIFTRT;
+	  alt_codes[alt_cost-1].value = shift;
+	  memcpy (codes, alt_codes, sizeof (alt_codes));
+	  cost = alt_cost;
+	}
+
+      /* Try filling trailing bits with 0s.  */
+      shifted_val = value << shift;
+      alt_cost = 1 + riscv_build_integer_1 (alt_codes, shifted_val, mode);
+      if (alt_cost < cost)
+	{
+	  alt_codes[alt_cost-1].code = LSHIFTRT;
+	  alt_codes[alt_cost-1].value = shift;
+	  memcpy (codes, alt_codes, sizeof (alt_codes));
+	  cost = alt_cost;
+	}
+    }
+
+  return cost;
+}
+
+/* Return the cost of constructing VAL in the event that a scratch
+   register is available.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_split_integer_cost (HOST_WIDE_INT val)
+{
+  int cost;
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT loval = sext_hwi (val, 32);
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT hival = sext_hwi ((val - loval) >> 32, 32);
+  struct riscv_integer_op codes[RISCV_MAX_INTEGER_OPS];
+
+  cost = 2 + riscv_build_integer (codes, loval, VOIDmode);
+  if (loval != hival)
+    cost += riscv_build_integer (codes, hival, VOIDmode);
+
+  return cost;
+}
+
+/* Return the cost of constructing the integer constant VAL.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_integer_cost (HOST_WIDE_INT val)
+{
+  struct riscv_integer_op codes[RISCV_MAX_INTEGER_OPS];
+  return MIN (riscv_build_integer (codes, val, VOIDmode),
+	      riscv_split_integer_cost (val));
+}
+
+/* Try to split a 64b integer into 32b parts, then reassemble.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_split_integer (HOST_WIDE_INT val, enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT loval = sext_hwi (val, 32);
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT hival = sext_hwi ((val - loval) >> 32, 32);
+  rtx hi = gen_reg_rtx (mode), lo = gen_reg_rtx (mode);
+
+  riscv_move_integer (hi, hi, hival);
+  riscv_move_integer (lo, lo, loval);
+
+  hi = gen_rtx_fmt_ee (ASHIFT, mode, hi, GEN_INT (32));
+  hi = force_reg (mode, hi);
+
+  return gen_rtx_fmt_ee (PLUS, mode, hi, lo);
+}
+
+/* Return true if X is a thread-local symbol.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_tls_symbol_p (const_rtx x)
+{
+  return SYMBOL_REF_P (x) && SYMBOL_REF_TLS_MODEL (x) != 0;
+}
+
+/* Return true if symbol X binds locally.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_symbol_binds_local_p (const_rtx x)
+{
+  if (SYMBOL_REF_P (x))
+    return (SYMBOL_REF_DECL (x)
+	    ? targetm.binds_local_p (SYMBOL_REF_DECL (x))
+	    : SYMBOL_REF_LOCAL_P (x));
+  else
+    return false;
+}
+
+/* Return the method that should be used to access SYMBOL_REF or
+   LABEL_REF X.  */
+
+static enum riscv_symbol_type
+riscv_classify_symbol (const_rtx x)
+{
+  if (riscv_tls_symbol_p (x))
+    return SYMBOL_TLS;
+
+  if (GET_CODE (x) == SYMBOL_REF && flag_pic && !riscv_symbol_binds_local_p (x))
+    return SYMBOL_GOT_DISP;
+
+  return riscv_cmodel == CM_MEDLOW ? SYMBOL_ABSOLUTE : SYMBOL_PCREL;
+}
+
+/* Classify the base of symbolic expression X.  */
+
+enum riscv_symbol_type
+riscv_classify_symbolic_expression (rtx x)
+{
+  rtx offset;
+
+  split_const (x, &x, &offset);
+  if (UNSPEC_ADDRESS_P (x))
+    return UNSPEC_ADDRESS_TYPE (x);
+
+  return riscv_classify_symbol (x);
+}
+
+/* Return true if X is a symbolic constant.  If it is, store the type of
+   the symbol in *SYMBOL_TYPE.  */
+
+bool
+riscv_symbolic_constant_p (rtx x, enum riscv_symbol_type *symbol_type)
+{
+  rtx offset;
+
+  split_const (x, &x, &offset);
+  if (UNSPEC_ADDRESS_P (x))
+    {
+      *symbol_type = UNSPEC_ADDRESS_TYPE (x);
+      x = UNSPEC_ADDRESS (x);
+    }
+  else if (GET_CODE (x) == SYMBOL_REF || GET_CODE (x) == LABEL_REF)
+    *symbol_type = riscv_classify_symbol (x);
+  else
+    return false;
+
+  if (offset == const0_rtx)
+    return true;
+
+  /* Nonzero offsets are only valid for references that don't use the GOT.  */
+  switch (*symbol_type)
+    {
+    case SYMBOL_ABSOLUTE:
+    case SYMBOL_PCREL:
+    case SYMBOL_TLS_LE:
+      /* GAS rejects offsets outside the range [-2^31, 2^31-1].  */
+      return sext_hwi (INTVAL (offset), 32) == INTVAL (offset);
+
+    default:
+      return false;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Returns the number of instructions necessary to reference a symbol. */
+
+static int riscv_symbol_insns (enum riscv_symbol_type type)
+{
+  switch (type)
+    {
+    case SYMBOL_TLS: return 0; /* Depends on the TLS model.  */
+    case SYMBOL_ABSOLUTE: return 2; /* LUI + the reference.  */
+    case SYMBOL_PCREL: return 2; /* AUIPC + the reference.  */
+    case SYMBOL_TLS_LE: return 3; /* LUI + ADD TP + the reference.  */
+    case SYMBOL_GOT_DISP: return 3; /* AUIPC + LD GOT + the reference.  */
+    default: gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_LEGITIMATE_CONSTANT_P.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_legitimate_constant_p (enum machine_mode mode ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, rtx x)
+{
+  return riscv_const_insns (x) > 0;
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_CANNOT_FORCE_CONST_MEM.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_cannot_force_const_mem (enum machine_mode mode ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, rtx x)
+{
+  enum riscv_symbol_type type;
+  rtx base, offset;
+
+  /* There is no assembler syntax for expressing an address-sized
+     high part.  */
+  if (GET_CODE (x) == HIGH)
+    return true;
+
+  split_const (x, &base, &offset);
+  if (riscv_symbolic_constant_p (base, &type))
+    {
+      /* As an optimization, don't spill symbolic constants that are as
+	 cheap to rematerialize as to access in the constant pool.  */
+      if (SMALL_OPERAND (INTVAL (offset)) && riscv_symbol_insns (type) > 0)
+	return true;
+
+      /* As an optimization, avoid needlessly generate dynamic relocations.  */
+      if (flag_pic)
+	return true;
+    }
+
+  /* TLS symbols must be computed by riscv_legitimize_move.  */
+  if (tls_referenced_p (x))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Return true if register REGNO is a valid base register for mode MODE.
+   STRICT_P is true if REG_OK_STRICT is in effect.  */
+
+int
+riscv_regno_mode_ok_for_base_p (int regno,
+				enum machine_mode mode ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+				bool strict_p)
+{
+  if (!HARD_REGISTER_NUM_P (regno))
+    {
+      if (!strict_p)
+	return true;
+      regno = reg_renumber[regno];
+    }
+
+  /* These fake registers will be eliminated to either the stack or
+     hard frame pointer, both of which are usually valid base registers.
+     Reload deals with the cases where the eliminated form isn't valid.  */
+  if (regno == ARG_POINTER_REGNUM || regno == FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM)
+    return true;
+
+  return GP_REG_P (regno);
+}
+
+/* Return true if X is a valid base register for mode MODE.
+   STRICT_P is true if REG_OK_STRICT is in effect.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_valid_base_register_p (rtx x, enum machine_mode mode, bool strict_p)
+{
+  if (!strict_p && GET_CODE (x) == SUBREG)
+    x = SUBREG_REG (x);
+
+  return (REG_P (x)
+	  && riscv_regno_mode_ok_for_base_p (REGNO (x), mode, strict_p));
+}
+
+/* Return true if, for every base register BASE_REG, (plus BASE_REG X)
+   can address a value of mode MODE.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_valid_offset_p (rtx x, enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  /* Check that X is a signed 12-bit number.  */
+  if (!const_arith_operand (x, Pmode))
+    return false;
+
+  /* We may need to split multiword moves, so make sure that every word
+     is accessible.  */
+  if (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) > UNITS_PER_WORD
+      && !SMALL_OPERAND (INTVAL (x) + GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) - UNITS_PER_WORD))
+    return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Should a symbol of type SYMBOL_TYPE should be split in two?  */
+
+bool
+riscv_split_symbol_type (enum riscv_symbol_type symbol_type)
+{
+  if (symbol_type == SYMBOL_TLS_LE)
+    return true;
+
+  if (!TARGET_EXPLICIT_RELOCS)
+    return false;
+
+  return symbol_type == SYMBOL_ABSOLUTE || symbol_type == SYMBOL_PCREL;
+}
+
+/* Return true if a LO_SUM can address a value of mode MODE when the
+   LO_SUM symbol has type SYM_TYPE.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_valid_lo_sum_p (enum riscv_symbol_type sym_type, enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  /* Check that symbols of type SYMBOL_TYPE can be used to access values
+     of mode MODE.  */
+  if (riscv_symbol_insns (sym_type) == 0)
+    return false;
+
+  /* Check that there is a known low-part relocation.  */
+  if (!riscv_split_symbol_type (sym_type))
+    return false;
+
+  /* We may need to split multiword moves, so make sure that each word
+     can be accessed without inducing a carry.  */
+  if (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) > UNITS_PER_WORD
+      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) > GET_MODE_ALIGNMENT (mode))
+    return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Return true if X is a valid address for machine mode MODE.  If it is,
+   fill in INFO appropriately.  STRICT_P is true if REG_OK_STRICT is in
+   effect.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_classify_address (struct riscv_address_info *info, rtx x,
+		       enum machine_mode mode, bool strict_p)
+{
+  switch (GET_CODE (x))
+    {
+    case REG:
+    case SUBREG:
+      info->type = ADDRESS_REG;
+      info->reg = x;
+      info->offset = const0_rtx;
+      return riscv_valid_base_register_p (info->reg, mode, strict_p);
+
+    case PLUS:
+      info->type = ADDRESS_REG;
+      info->reg = XEXP (x, 0);
+      info->offset = XEXP (x, 1);
+      return (riscv_valid_base_register_p (info->reg, mode, strict_p)
+	      && riscv_valid_offset_p (info->offset, mode));
+
+    case LO_SUM:
+      info->type = ADDRESS_LO_SUM;
+      info->reg = XEXP (x, 0);
+      info->offset = XEXP (x, 1);
+      /* We have to trust the creator of the LO_SUM to do something vaguely
+	 sane.  Target-independent code that creates a LO_SUM should also
+	 create and verify the matching HIGH.  Target-independent code that
+	 adds an offset to a LO_SUM must prove that the offset will not
+	 induce a carry.  Failure to do either of these things would be
+	 a bug, and we are not required to check for it here.  The RISC-V
+	 backend itself should only create LO_SUMs for valid symbolic
+	 constants, with the high part being either a HIGH or a copy
+	 of _gp. */
+      info->symbol_type
+	= riscv_classify_symbolic_expression (info->offset);
+      return (riscv_valid_base_register_p (info->reg, mode, strict_p)
+	      && riscv_valid_lo_sum_p (info->symbol_type, mode));
+
+    case CONST_INT:
+      /* Small-integer addresses don't occur very often, but they
+	 are legitimate if x0 is a valid base register.  */
+      info->type = ADDRESS_CONST_INT;
+      return SMALL_OPERAND (INTVAL (x));
+
+    default:
+      return false;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_LEGITIMATE_ADDRESS_P.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_legitimate_address_p (enum machine_mode mode, rtx x, bool strict_p)
+{
+  struct riscv_address_info addr;
+
+  return riscv_classify_address (&addr, x, mode, strict_p);
+}
+
+/* Return the number of instructions needed to load or store a value
+   of mode MODE at address X.  Return 0 if X isn't valid for MODE.
+   Assume that multiword moves may need to be split into word moves
+   if MIGHT_SPLIT_P, otherwise assume that a single load or store is
+   enough. */
+
+int
+riscv_address_insns (rtx x, enum machine_mode mode, bool might_split_p)
+{
+  struct riscv_address_info addr;
+  int n = 1;
+
+  if (!riscv_classify_address (&addr, x, mode, false))
+    return 0;
+
+  /* BLKmode is used for single unaligned loads and stores and should
+     not count as a multiword mode. */
+  if (mode != BLKmode && might_split_p)
+    n += (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) + UNITS_PER_WORD - 1) / UNITS_PER_WORD;
+
+  if (addr.type == ADDRESS_LO_SUM)
+    n += riscv_symbol_insns (addr.symbol_type) - 1;
+
+  return n;
+}
+
+/* Return the number of instructions needed to load constant X.
+   Return 0 if X isn't a valid constant.  */
+
+int
+riscv_const_insns (rtx x)
+{
+  enum riscv_symbol_type symbol_type;
+  rtx offset;
+
+  switch (GET_CODE (x))
+    {
+    case HIGH:
+      if (!riscv_symbolic_constant_p (XEXP (x, 0), &symbol_type)
+	  || !riscv_split_symbol_type (symbol_type))
+	return 0;
+
+      /* This is simply an LUI.  */
+      return 1;
+
+    case CONST_INT:
+      {
+	int cost = riscv_integer_cost (INTVAL (x));
+	/* Force complicated constants to memory.  */
+	return cost < 4 ? cost : 0;
+      }
+
+    case CONST_DOUBLE:
+    case CONST_VECTOR:
+      /* We can use x0 to load floating-point zero.  */
+      return x == CONST0_RTX (GET_MODE (x)) ? 1 : 0;
+
+    case CONST:
+      /* See if we can refer to X directly.  */
+      if (riscv_symbolic_constant_p (x, &symbol_type))
+	return riscv_symbol_insns (symbol_type);
+
+      /* Otherwise try splitting the constant into a base and offset.  */
+      split_const (x, &x, &offset);
+      if (offset != 0)
+	{
+	  int n = riscv_const_insns (x);
+	  if (n != 0)
+	    return n + riscv_integer_cost (INTVAL (offset));
+	}
+      return 0;
+
+    case SYMBOL_REF:
+    case LABEL_REF:
+      return riscv_symbol_insns (riscv_classify_symbol (x));
+
+    default:
+      return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/* X is a doubleword constant that can be handled by splitting it into
+   two words and loading each word separately.  Return the number of
+   instructions required to do this.  */
+
+int
+riscv_split_const_insns (rtx x)
+{
+  unsigned int low, high;
+
+  low = riscv_const_insns (riscv_subword (x, false));
+  high = riscv_const_insns (riscv_subword (x, true));
+  gcc_assert (low > 0 && high > 0);
+  return low + high;
+}
+
+/* Return the number of instructions needed to implement INSN,
+   given that it loads from or stores to MEM. */
+
+int
+riscv_load_store_insns (rtx mem, rtx_insn *insn)
+{
+  enum machine_mode mode;
+  bool might_split_p;
+  rtx set;
+
+  gcc_assert (MEM_P (mem));
+  mode = GET_MODE (mem);
+
+  /* Try to prove that INSN does not need to be split.  */
+  might_split_p = true;
+  if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= 32)
+    might_split_p = false;
+  else if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) == 64)
+    {
+      set = single_set (insn);
+      if (set && !riscv_split_64bit_move_p (SET_DEST (set), SET_SRC (set)))
+	might_split_p = false;
+    }
+
+  return riscv_address_insns (XEXP (mem, 0), mode, might_split_p);
+}
+
+/* Emit a move from SRC to DEST.  Assume that the move expanders can
+   handle all moves if !can_create_pseudo_p ().  The distinction is
+   important because, unlike emit_move_insn, the move expanders know
+   how to force Pmode objects into the constant pool even when the
+   constant pool address is not itself legitimate.  */
+
+rtx
+riscv_emit_move (rtx dest, rtx src)
+{
+  return (can_create_pseudo_p ()
+	  ? emit_move_insn (dest, src)
+	  : emit_move_insn_1 (dest, src));
+}
+
+/* Emit an instruction of the form (set TARGET SRC).  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_emit_set (rtx target, rtx src)
+{
+  emit_insn (gen_rtx_SET (target, src));
+  return target;
+}
+
+/* Emit an instruction of the form (set DEST (CODE X Y)).  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_emit_binary (enum rtx_code code, rtx dest, rtx x, rtx y)
+{
+  return riscv_emit_set (dest, gen_rtx_fmt_ee (code, GET_MODE (dest), x, y));
+}
+
+/* Compute (CODE X Y) and store the result in a new register
+   of mode MODE.  Return that new register.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_force_binary (enum machine_mode mode, enum rtx_code code, rtx x, rtx y)
+{
+  return riscv_emit_binary (code, gen_reg_rtx (mode), x, y);
+}
+
+/* Copy VALUE to a register and return that register.  If new pseudos
+   are allowed, copy it into a new register, otherwise use DEST.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_force_temporary (rtx dest, rtx value)
+{
+  if (can_create_pseudo_p ())
+    return force_reg (Pmode, value);
+  else
+    {
+      riscv_emit_move (dest, value);
+      return dest;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Wrap symbol or label BASE in an UNSPEC address of type SYMBOL_TYPE,
+   then add CONST_INT OFFSET to the result.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_unspec_address_offset (rtx base, rtx offset,
+			     enum riscv_symbol_type symbol_type)
+{
+  base = gen_rtx_UNSPEC (Pmode, gen_rtvec (1, base),
+			 UNSPEC_ADDRESS_FIRST + symbol_type);
+  if (offset != const0_rtx)
+    base = gen_rtx_PLUS (Pmode, base, offset);
+  return gen_rtx_CONST (Pmode, base);
+}
+
+/* Return an UNSPEC address with underlying address ADDRESS and symbol
+   type SYMBOL_TYPE.  */
+
+rtx
+riscv_unspec_address (rtx address, enum riscv_symbol_type symbol_type)
+{
+  rtx base, offset;
+
+  split_const (address, &base, &offset);
+  return riscv_unspec_address_offset (base, offset, symbol_type);
+}
+
+/* If OP is an UNSPEC address, return the address to which it refers,
+   otherwise return OP itself.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_strip_unspec_address (rtx op)
+{
+  rtx base, offset;
+
+  split_const (op, &base, &offset);
+  if (UNSPEC_ADDRESS_P (base))
+    op = plus_constant (Pmode, UNSPEC_ADDRESS (base), INTVAL (offset));
+  return op;
+}
+
+/* If riscv_unspec_address (ADDR, SYMBOL_TYPE) is a 32-bit value, add the
+   high part to BASE and return the result.  Just return BASE otherwise.
+   TEMP is as for riscv_force_temporary.
+
+   The returned expression can be used as the first operand to a LO_SUM.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_unspec_offset_high (rtx temp, rtx addr, enum riscv_symbol_type symbol_type)
+{
+  addr = gen_rtx_HIGH (Pmode, riscv_unspec_address (addr, symbol_type));
+  return riscv_force_temporary (temp, addr);
+}
+
+/* Load an entry from the GOT for a TLS GD access.  */
+
+static rtx riscv_got_load_tls_gd (rtx dest, rtx sym)
+{
+  if (Pmode == DImode)
+    return gen_got_load_tls_gddi (dest, sym);
+  else
+    return gen_got_load_tls_gdsi (dest, sym);
+}
+
+/* Load an entry from the GOT for a TLS IE access.  */
+
+static rtx riscv_got_load_tls_ie (rtx dest, rtx sym)
+{
+  if (Pmode == DImode)
+    return gen_got_load_tls_iedi (dest, sym);
+  else
+    return gen_got_load_tls_iesi (dest, sym);
+}
+
+/* Add in the thread pointer for a TLS LE access.  */
+
+static rtx riscv_tls_add_tp_le (rtx dest, rtx base, rtx sym)
+{
+  rtx tp = gen_rtx_REG (Pmode, THREAD_POINTER_REGNUM);
+  if (Pmode == DImode)
+    return gen_tls_add_tp_ledi (dest, base, tp, sym);
+  else
+    return gen_tls_add_tp_lesi (dest, base, tp, sym);
+}
+
+/* If MODE is MAX_MACHINE_MODE, ADDR appears as a move operand, otherwise
+   it appears in a MEM of that mode.  Return true if ADDR is a legitimate
+   constant in that context and can be split into high and low parts.
+   If so, and if LOW_OUT is nonnull, emit the high part and store the
+   low part in *LOW_OUT.  Leave *LOW_OUT unchanged otherwise.
+
+   TEMP is as for riscv_force_temporary and is used to load the high
+   part into a register.
+
+   When MODE is MAX_MACHINE_MODE, the low part is guaranteed to be
+   a legitimize SET_SRC for an .md pattern, otherwise the low part
+   is guaranteed to be a legitimate address for mode MODE.  */
+
+bool
+riscv_split_symbol (rtx temp, rtx addr, enum machine_mode mode, rtx *low_out)
+{
+  enum riscv_symbol_type symbol_type;
+
+  if ((GET_CODE (addr) == HIGH && mode == MAX_MACHINE_MODE)
+      || !riscv_symbolic_constant_p (addr, &symbol_type)
+      || riscv_symbol_insns (symbol_type) == 0
+      || !riscv_split_symbol_type (symbol_type))
+    return false;
+
+  if (low_out)
+    switch (symbol_type)
+      {
+      case SYMBOL_ABSOLUTE:
+	{
+	  rtx high = gen_rtx_HIGH (Pmode, copy_rtx (addr));
+	  high = riscv_force_temporary (temp, high);
+	  *low_out = gen_rtx_LO_SUM (Pmode, high, addr);
+	}
+	break;
+
+      case SYMBOL_PCREL:
+	{
+	  static unsigned seqno;
+	  char buf[32];
+	  rtx label;
+
+	  ssize_t bytes = snprintf (buf, sizeof (buf), ".LA%u", seqno);
+	  gcc_assert ((size_t) bytes < sizeof (buf));
+
+	  label = gen_rtx_SYMBOL_REF (Pmode, ggc_strdup (buf));
+	  SYMBOL_REF_FLAGS (label) |= SYMBOL_FLAG_LOCAL;
+
+	  if (temp == NULL)
+	    temp = gen_reg_rtx (Pmode);
+
+	  if (Pmode == DImode)
+	    emit_insn (gen_auipcdi (temp, copy_rtx (addr), GEN_INT (seqno)));
+	  else
+	    emit_insn (gen_auipcsi (temp, copy_rtx (addr), GEN_INT (seqno)));
+
+	  *low_out = gen_rtx_LO_SUM (Pmode, temp, label);
+
+	  seqno++;
+	}
+	break;
+
+      default:
+	gcc_unreachable ();
+      }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Return a legitimate address for REG + OFFSET.  TEMP is as for
+   riscv_force_temporary; it is only needed when OFFSET is not a
+   SMALL_OPERAND.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_add_offset (rtx temp, rtx reg, HOST_WIDE_INT offset)
+{
+  if (!SMALL_OPERAND (offset))
+    {
+      rtx high;
+
+      /* Leave OFFSET as a 16-bit offset and put the excess in HIGH.
+	 The addition inside the macro CONST_HIGH_PART may cause an
+	 overflow, so we need to force a sign-extension check.  */
+      high = gen_int_mode (CONST_HIGH_PART (offset), Pmode);
+      offset = CONST_LOW_PART (offset);
+      high = riscv_force_temporary (temp, high);
+      reg = riscv_force_temporary (temp, gen_rtx_PLUS (Pmode, high, reg));
+    }
+  return plus_constant (Pmode, reg, offset);
+}
+
+/* The __tls_get_attr symbol.  */
+static GTY(()) rtx riscv_tls_symbol;
+
+/* Return an instruction sequence that calls __tls_get_addr.  SYM is
+   the TLS symbol we are referencing and TYPE is the symbol type to use
+   (either global dynamic or local dynamic).  RESULT is an RTX for the
+   return value location.  */
+
+static rtx_insn *
+riscv_call_tls_get_addr (rtx sym, rtx result)
+{
+  rtx a0 = gen_rtx_REG (Pmode, GP_ARG_FIRST), func;
+  rtx_insn *insn;
+
+  if (!riscv_tls_symbol)
+    riscv_tls_symbol = init_one_libfunc ("__tls_get_addr");
+  func = gen_rtx_MEM (FUNCTION_MODE, riscv_tls_symbol);
+
+  start_sequence ();
+
+  emit_insn (riscv_got_load_tls_gd (a0, sym));
+  insn = emit_call_insn (gen_call_value (result, func, const0_rtx, NULL));
+  RTL_CONST_CALL_P (insn) = 1;
+  use_reg (&CALL_INSN_FUNCTION_USAGE (insn), a0);
+  insn = get_insns ();
+
+  end_sequence ();
+
+  return insn;
+}
+
+/* Generate the code to access LOC, a thread-local SYMBOL_REF, and return
+   its address.  The return value will be both a valid address and a valid
+   SET_SRC (either a REG or a LO_SUM).  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_legitimize_tls_address (rtx loc)
+{
+  rtx dest, tp, tmp;
+  enum tls_model model = SYMBOL_REF_TLS_MODEL (loc);
+
+  /* Since we support TLS copy relocs, non-PIC TLS accesses may all use LE.  */
+  if (!flag_pic)
+    model = TLS_MODEL_LOCAL_EXEC;
+
+  switch (model)
+    {
+    case TLS_MODEL_LOCAL_DYNAMIC:
+      /* Rely on section anchors for the optimization that LDM TLS
+	 provides.  The anchor's address is loaded with GD TLS. */
+    case TLS_MODEL_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC:
+      tmp = gen_rtx_REG (Pmode, GP_RETURN);
+      dest = gen_reg_rtx (Pmode);
+      emit_libcall_block (riscv_call_tls_get_addr (loc, tmp), dest, tmp, loc);
+      break;
+
+    case TLS_MODEL_INITIAL_EXEC:
+      /* la.tls.ie; tp-relative add */
+      tp = gen_rtx_REG (Pmode, THREAD_POINTER_REGNUM);
+      tmp = gen_reg_rtx (Pmode);
+      emit_insn (riscv_got_load_tls_ie (tmp, loc));
+      dest = gen_reg_rtx (Pmode);
+      emit_insn (gen_add3_insn (dest, tmp, tp));
+      break;
+
+    case TLS_MODEL_LOCAL_EXEC:
+      tmp = riscv_unspec_offset_high (NULL, loc, SYMBOL_TLS_LE);
+      dest = gen_reg_rtx (Pmode);
+      emit_insn (riscv_tls_add_tp_le (dest, tmp, loc));
+      dest = gen_rtx_LO_SUM (Pmode, dest,
+			     riscv_unspec_address (loc, SYMBOL_TLS_LE));
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+  return dest;
+}
+
+/* If X is not a valid address for mode MODE, force it into a register.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_force_address (rtx x, enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  if (!riscv_legitimate_address_p (mode, x, false))
+    x = force_reg (Pmode, x);
+  return x;
+}
+
+/* This function is used to implement LEGITIMIZE_ADDRESS.  If X can
+   be legitimized in a way that the generic machinery might not expect,
+   return a new address, otherwise return NULL.  MODE is the mode of
+   the memory being accessed.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_legitimize_address (rtx x, rtx oldx ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			 enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  rtx addr;
+
+  if (riscv_tls_symbol_p (x))
+    return riscv_legitimize_tls_address (x);
+
+  /* See if the address can split into a high part and a LO_SUM.  */
+  if (riscv_split_symbol (NULL, x, mode, &addr))
+    return riscv_force_address (addr, mode);
+
+  /* Handle BASE + OFFSET using riscv_add_offset.  */
+  if (GET_CODE (x) == PLUS && CONST_INT_P (XEXP (x, 1))
+      && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) != 0)
+    {
+      rtx base = XEXP (x, 0);
+      HOST_WIDE_INT offset = INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1));
+
+      if (!riscv_valid_base_register_p (base, mode, false))
+	base = copy_to_mode_reg (Pmode, base);
+      addr = riscv_add_offset (NULL, base, offset);
+      return riscv_force_address (addr, mode);
+    }
+
+  return x;
+}
+
+/* Load VALUE into DEST.  TEMP is as for riscv_force_temporary.  */
+
+void
+riscv_move_integer (rtx temp, rtx dest, HOST_WIDE_INT value)
+{
+  struct riscv_integer_op codes[RISCV_MAX_INTEGER_OPS];
+  enum machine_mode mode;
+  int i, num_ops;
+  rtx x;
+
+  mode = GET_MODE (dest);
+  num_ops = riscv_build_integer (codes, value, mode);
+
+  if (can_create_pseudo_p () && num_ops > 2 /* not a simple constant */
+      && num_ops >= riscv_split_integer_cost (value))
+    x = riscv_split_integer (value, mode);
+  else
+    {
+      /* Apply each binary operation to X. */
+      x = GEN_INT (codes[0].value);
+
+      for (i = 1; i < num_ops; i++)
+	{
+	  if (!can_create_pseudo_p ())
+	    x = riscv_emit_set (temp, x);
+	  else
+	    x = force_reg (mode, x);
+
+	  x = gen_rtx_fmt_ee (codes[i].code, mode, x, GEN_INT (codes[i].value));
+	}
+    }
+
+  riscv_emit_set (dest, x);
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of riscv_legitimize_move.  Move constant SRC into register
+   DEST given that SRC satisfies immediate_operand but doesn't satisfy
+   move_operand.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_legitimize_const_move (enum machine_mode mode, rtx dest, rtx src)
+{
+  rtx base, offset;
+
+  /* Split moves of big integers into smaller pieces.  */
+  if (splittable_const_int_operand (src, mode))
+    {
+      riscv_move_integer (dest, dest, INTVAL (src));
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Split moves of symbolic constants into high/low pairs.  */
+  if (riscv_split_symbol (dest, src, MAX_MACHINE_MODE, &src))
+    {
+      riscv_emit_set (dest, src);
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Generate the appropriate access sequences for TLS symbols.  */
+  if (riscv_tls_symbol_p (src))
+    {
+      riscv_emit_move (dest, riscv_legitimize_tls_address (src));
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* If we have (const (plus symbol offset)), and that expression cannot
+     be forced into memory, load the symbol first and add in the offset.  Also
+     prefer to do this even if the constant _can_ be forced into memory, as it
+     usually produces better code.  */
+  split_const (src, &base, &offset);
+  if (offset != const0_rtx
+      && (targetm.cannot_force_const_mem (mode, src) || can_create_pseudo_p ()))
+    {
+      base = riscv_force_temporary (dest, base);
+      riscv_emit_move (dest, riscv_add_offset (NULL, base, INTVAL (offset)));
+      return;
+    }
+
+  src = force_const_mem (mode, src);
+
+  /* When using explicit relocs, constant pool references are sometimes
+     not legitimate addresses.  */
+  riscv_split_symbol (dest, XEXP (src, 0), mode, &XEXP (src, 0));
+  riscv_emit_move (dest, src);
+}
+
+/* If (set DEST SRC) is not a valid move instruction, emit an equivalent
+   sequence that is valid.  */
+
+bool
+riscv_legitimize_move (enum machine_mode mode, rtx dest, rtx src)
+{
+  if (!register_operand (dest, mode) && !reg_or_0_operand (src, mode))
+    {
+      riscv_emit_move (dest, force_reg (mode, src));
+      return true;
+    }
+
+  /* We need to deal with constants that would be legitimate
+     immediate_operands but aren't legitimate move_operands.  */
+  if (CONSTANT_P (src) && !move_operand (src, mode))
+    {
+      riscv_legitimize_const_move (mode, dest, src);
+      set_unique_reg_note (get_last_insn (), REG_EQUAL, copy_rtx (src));
+      return true;
+    }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Return true if there is an instruction that implements CODE and accepts
+   X as an immediate operand. */
+
+static int
+riscv_immediate_operand_p (int code, HOST_WIDE_INT x)
+{
+  switch (code)
+    {
+    case ASHIFT:
+    case ASHIFTRT:
+    case LSHIFTRT:
+      /* All shift counts are truncated to a valid constant.  */
+      return true;
+
+    case AND:
+    case IOR:
+    case XOR:
+    case PLUS:
+    case LT:
+    case LTU:
+      /* These instructions take 12-bit signed immediates.  */
+      return SMALL_OPERAND (x);
+
+    case LE:
+      /* We add 1 to the immediate and use SLT.  */
+      return SMALL_OPERAND (x + 1);
+
+    case LEU:
+      /* Likewise SLTU, but reject the always-true case.  */
+      return SMALL_OPERAND (x + 1) && x + 1 != 0;
+
+    case GE:
+    case GEU:
+      /* We can emulate an immediate of 1 by using GT/GTU against x0.  */
+      return x == 1;
+
+    default:
+      /* By default assume that x0 can be used for 0.  */
+      return x == 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return the cost of binary operation X, given that the instruction
+   sequence for a word-sized or smaller operation takes SIGNLE_INSNS
+   instructions and that the sequence of a double-word operation takes
+   DOUBLE_INSNS instructions.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_binary_cost (rtx x, int single_insns, int double_insns)
+{
+  if (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x)) == UNITS_PER_WORD * 2)
+    return COSTS_N_INSNS (double_insns);
+  return COSTS_N_INSNS (single_insns);
+}
+
+/* Return the cost of sign- or zero-extending OP.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_extend_cost (rtx op, bool unsigned_p)
+{
+  if (MEM_P (op))
+    return 0;
+
+  if (unsigned_p && GET_MODE (op) == QImode)
+    /* We can use ANDI.  */
+    return COSTS_N_INSNS (1);
+
+  if (!unsigned_p && GET_MODE (op) == SImode)
+    /* We can use SEXT.W.  */
+    return COSTS_N_INSNS (1);
+
+  /* We need to use a shift left and a shift right.  */
+  return COSTS_N_INSNS (2);
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_RTX_COSTS.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_rtx_costs (rtx x, machine_mode mode, int outer_code, int opno ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		 int *total, bool speed)
+{
+  bool float_mode_p = FLOAT_MODE_P (mode);
+  int cost;
+
+  switch (GET_CODE (x))
+    {
+    case CONST_INT:
+      if (riscv_immediate_operand_p (outer_code, INTVAL (x)))
+	{
+	  *total = 0;
+	  return true;
+	}
+      /* Fall through.  */
+
+    case SYMBOL_REF:
+    case LABEL_REF:
+    case CONST_DOUBLE:
+    case CONST:
+      if ((cost = riscv_const_insns (x)) > 0)
+	{
+	  /* If the constant is likely to be stored in a GPR, SETs of
+	     single-insn constants are as cheap as register sets; we
+	     never want to CSE them.  */
+	  if (cost == 1 && outer_code == SET)
+	    *total = 0;
+	  /* When we load a constant more than once, it usually is better
+	     to duplicate the last operation in the sequence than to CSE
+	     the constant itself.  */
+	  else if (outer_code == SET || GET_MODE (x) == VOIDmode)
+	    *total = COSTS_N_INSNS (1);
+	}
+      else /* The instruction will be fetched from the constant pool.  */
+	*total = COSTS_N_INSNS (riscv_symbol_insns (SYMBOL_ABSOLUTE));
+      return true;
+
+    case MEM:
+      /* If the address is legitimate, return the number of
+	 instructions it needs.  */
+      if ((cost = riscv_address_insns (XEXP (x, 0), mode, true)) > 0)
+	{
+	  *total = COSTS_N_INSNS (cost + tune_info->memory_cost);
+	  return true;
+	}
+      /* Otherwise use the default handling.  */
+      return false;
+
+    case NOT:
+      *total = COSTS_N_INSNS (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) > UNITS_PER_WORD ? 2 : 1);
+      return false;
+
+    case AND:
+    case IOR:
+    case XOR:
+      /* Double-word operations use two single-word operations.  */
+      *total = riscv_binary_cost (x, 1, 2);
+      return false;
+
+    case ASHIFT:
+    case ASHIFTRT:
+    case LSHIFTRT:
+      *total = riscv_binary_cost (x, 1, CONSTANT_P (XEXP (x, 1)) ? 4 : 9);
+      return false;
+
+    case ABS:
+      *total = COSTS_N_INSNS (float_mode_p ? 1 : 3);
+      return false;
+
+    case LO_SUM:
+      *total = set_src_cost (XEXP (x, 0), mode, speed);
+      return true;
+
+    case LT:
+    case LTU:
+    case LE:
+    case LEU:
+    case GT:
+    case GTU:
+    case GE:
+    case GEU:
+    case EQ:
+    case NE:
+      /* Branch comparisons have VOIDmode, so use the first operand's
+	 mode instead.  */
+      mode = GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0));
+      if (float_mode_p)
+	*total = tune_info->fp_add[mode == DFmode];
+      else
+	*total = riscv_binary_cost (x, 1, 3);
+      return false;
+
+    case UNORDERED:
+    case ORDERED:
+      /* (FEQ(A, A) & FEQ(B, B)) compared against 0.  */
+      mode = GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0));
+      *total = tune_info->fp_add[mode == DFmode] + COSTS_N_INSNS (2);
+      return false;
+
+    case UNEQ:
+    case LTGT:
+      /* (FEQ(A, A) & FEQ(B, B)) compared against FEQ(A, B).  */
+      mode = GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0));
+      *total = tune_info->fp_add[mode == DFmode] + COSTS_N_INSNS (3);
+      return false;
+
+    case UNGE:
+    case UNGT:
+    case UNLE:
+    case UNLT:
+      /* FLT or FLE, but guarded by an FFLAGS read and write.  */
+      mode = GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0));
+      *total = tune_info->fp_add[mode == DFmode] + COSTS_N_INSNS (4);
+      return false;
+
+    case MINUS:
+    case PLUS:
+      if (float_mode_p)
+	*total = tune_info->fp_add[mode == DFmode];
+      else
+	*total = riscv_binary_cost (x, 1, 4);
+      return false;
+
+    case NEG:
+      {
+	rtx op = XEXP (x, 0);
+	if (GET_CODE (op) == FMA && !HONOR_SIGNED_ZEROS (mode))
+	  {
+	    *total = (tune_info->fp_mul[mode == DFmode]
+		      + set_src_cost (XEXP (op, 0), mode, speed)
+		      + set_src_cost (XEXP (op, 1), mode, speed)
+		      + set_src_cost (XEXP (op, 2), mode, speed));
+	    return true;
+	  }
+      }
+
+      if (float_mode_p)
+	*total = tune_info->fp_add[mode == DFmode];
+      else
+	*total = COSTS_N_INSNS (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) > UNITS_PER_WORD ? 4 : 1);
+      return false;
+
+    case MULT:
+      if (float_mode_p)
+	*total = tune_info->fp_mul[mode == DFmode];
+      else if (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) > UNITS_PER_WORD)
+	*total = 3 * tune_info->int_mul[0] + COSTS_N_INSNS (2);
+      else if (!speed)
+	*total = COSTS_N_INSNS (1);
+      else
+	*total = tune_info->int_mul[mode == DImode];
+      return false;
+
+    case DIV:
+    case SQRT:
+    case MOD:
+      if (float_mode_p)
+	{
+	  *total = tune_info->fp_div[mode == DFmode];
+	  return false;
+	}
+      /* Fall through.  */
+
+    case UDIV:
+    case UMOD:
+      if (speed)
+	*total = tune_info->int_div[mode == DImode];
+      else
+	*total = COSTS_N_INSNS (1);
+      return false;
+
+    case SIGN_EXTEND:
+    case ZERO_EXTEND:
+      *total = riscv_extend_cost (XEXP (x, 0), GET_CODE (x) == ZERO_EXTEND);
+      return false;
+
+    case FLOAT:
+    case UNSIGNED_FLOAT:
+    case FIX:
+    case FLOAT_EXTEND:
+    case FLOAT_TRUNCATE:
+      *total = tune_info->fp_add[mode == DFmode];
+      return false;
+
+    case FMA:
+      *total = (tune_info->fp_mul[mode == DFmode]
+		+ set_src_cost (XEXP (x, 0), mode, speed)
+		+ set_src_cost (XEXP (x, 1), mode, speed)
+		+ set_src_cost (XEXP (x, 2), mode, speed));
+      return true;
+
+    case UNSPEC:
+      if (XINT (x, 1) == UNSPEC_AUIPC)
+	{
+	  /* Make AUIPC cheap to avoid spilling its result to the stack.  */
+	  *total = 1;
+	  return true;
+	}
+      return false;
+
+    default:
+      return false;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_ADDRESS_COST.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_address_cost (rtx addr, enum machine_mode mode,
+		    addr_space_t as ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		    bool speed ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  return riscv_address_insns (addr, mode, false);
+}
+
+/* Return one word of double-word value OP.  HIGH_P is true to select the
+   high part or false to select the low part. */
+
+rtx
+riscv_subword (rtx op, bool high_p)
+{
+  unsigned int byte = high_p ? UNITS_PER_WORD : 0;
+  enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (op);
+
+  if (mode == VOIDmode)
+    mode = TARGET_64BIT ? TImode : DImode;
+
+  if (MEM_P (op))
+    return adjust_address (op, word_mode, byte);
+
+  if (REG_P (op))
+    gcc_assert (!FP_REG_RTX_P (op));
+
+  return simplify_gen_subreg (word_mode, op, mode, byte);
+}
+
+/* Return true if a 64-bit move from SRC to DEST should be split into two.  */
+
+bool
+riscv_split_64bit_move_p (rtx dest, rtx src)
+{
+  if (TARGET_64BIT)
+    return false;
+
+  /* Allow FPR <-> FPR and FPR <-> MEM moves, and permit the special case
+     of zeroing an FPR with FCVT.D.W.  */
+  if (TARGET_DOUBLE_FLOAT
+      && ((FP_REG_RTX_P (src) && FP_REG_RTX_P (dest))
+	  || (FP_REG_RTX_P (dest) && MEM_P (src))
+	  || (FP_REG_RTX_P (src) && MEM_P (dest))
+	  || (FP_REG_RTX_P (dest) && src == CONST0_RTX (GET_MODE (src)))))
+    return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Split a doubleword move from SRC to DEST.  On 32-bit targets,
+   this function handles 64-bit moves for which riscv_split_64bit_move_p
+   holds.  For 64-bit targets, this function handles 128-bit moves.  */
+
+void
+riscv_split_doubleword_move (rtx dest, rtx src)
+{
+  rtx low_dest;
+
+   /* The operation can be split into two normal moves.  Decide in
+      which order to do them.  */
+   low_dest = riscv_subword (dest, false);
+   if (REG_P (low_dest) && reg_overlap_mentioned_p (low_dest, src))
+     {
+       riscv_emit_move (riscv_subword (dest, true), riscv_subword (src, true));
+       riscv_emit_move (low_dest, riscv_subword (src, false));
+     }
+   else
+     {
+       riscv_emit_move (low_dest, riscv_subword (src, false));
+       riscv_emit_move (riscv_subword (dest, true), riscv_subword (src, true));
+     }
+}
+
+/* Return the appropriate instructions to move SRC into DEST.  Assume
+   that SRC is operand 1 and DEST is operand 0.  */
+
+const char *
+riscv_output_move (rtx dest, rtx src)
+{
+  enum rtx_code dest_code, src_code;
+  enum machine_mode mode;
+  bool dbl_p;
+
+  dest_code = GET_CODE (dest);
+  src_code = GET_CODE (src);
+  mode = GET_MODE (dest);
+  dbl_p = (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) == 8);
+
+  if (dbl_p && riscv_split_64bit_move_p (dest, src))
+    return "#";
+
+  if (dest_code == REG && GP_REG_P (REGNO (dest)))
+    {
+      if (src_code == REG && FP_REG_P (REGNO (src)))
+	return dbl_p ? "fmv.x.d\t%0,%1" : "fmv.x.s\t%0,%1";
+
+      if (src_code == MEM)
+	switch (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode))
+	  {
+	  case 1: return "lbu\t%0,%1";
+	  case 2: return "lhu\t%0,%1";
+	  case 4: return "lw\t%0,%1";
+	  case 8: return "ld\t%0,%1";
+	  }
+
+      if (src_code == CONST_INT)
+	return "li\t%0,%1";
+
+      if (src_code == HIGH)
+	return "lui\t%0,%h1";
+
+      if (symbolic_operand (src, VOIDmode))
+	switch (riscv_classify_symbolic_expression (src))
+	  {
+	  case SYMBOL_GOT_DISP: return "la\t%0,%1";
+	  case SYMBOL_ABSOLUTE: return "lla\t%0,%1";
+	  case SYMBOL_PCREL: return "lla\t%0,%1";
+	  default: gcc_unreachable ();
+	  }
+    }
+  if ((src_code == REG && GP_REG_P (REGNO (src)))
+      || (src == CONST0_RTX (mode)))
+    {
+      if (dest_code == REG)
+	{
+	  if (GP_REG_P (REGNO (dest)))
+	    return "mv\t%0,%z1";
+
+	  if (FP_REG_P (REGNO (dest)))
+	    {
+	      if (!dbl_p)
+		return "fmv.s.x\t%0,%z1";
+	      if (TARGET_64BIT)
+		return "fmv.d.x\t%0,%z1";
+	      /* in RV32, we can emulate fmv.d.x %0, x0 using fcvt.d.w */
+	      gcc_assert (src == CONST0_RTX (mode));
+	      return "fcvt.d.w\t%0,x0";
+	    }
+	}
+      if (dest_code == MEM)
+	switch (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode))
+	  {
+	  case 1: return "sb\t%z1,%0";
+	  case 2: return "sh\t%z1,%0";
+	  case 4: return "sw\t%z1,%0";
+	  case 8: return "sd\t%z1,%0";
+	  }
+    }
+  if (src_code == REG && FP_REG_P (REGNO (src)))
+    {
+      if (dest_code == REG && FP_REG_P (REGNO (dest)))
+	return dbl_p ? "fmv.d\t%0,%1" : "fmv.s\t%0,%1";
+
+      if (dest_code == MEM)
+	return dbl_p ? "fsd\t%1,%0" : "fsw\t%1,%0";
+    }
+  if (dest_code == REG && FP_REG_P (REGNO (dest)))
+    {
+      if (src_code == MEM)
+	return dbl_p ? "fld\t%0,%1" : "flw\t%0,%1";
+    }
+  gcc_unreachable ();
+}
+
+/* Return true if CMP1 is a suitable second operand for integer ordering
+   test CODE.  See also the *sCC patterns in riscv.md.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_int_order_operand_ok_p (enum rtx_code code, rtx cmp1)
+{
+  switch (code)
+    {
+    case GT:
+    case GTU:
+      return reg_or_0_operand (cmp1, VOIDmode);
+
+    case GE:
+    case GEU:
+      return cmp1 == const1_rtx;
+
+    case LT:
+    case LTU:
+      return arith_operand (cmp1, VOIDmode);
+
+    case LE:
+      return sle_operand (cmp1, VOIDmode);
+
+    case LEU:
+      return sleu_operand (cmp1, VOIDmode);
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return true if *CMP1 (of mode MODE) is a valid second operand for
+   integer ordering test *CODE, or if an equivalent combination can
+   be formed by adjusting *CODE and *CMP1.  When returning true, update
+   *CODE and *CMP1 with the chosen code and operand, otherwise leave
+   them alone.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_canonicalize_int_order_test (enum rtx_code *code, rtx *cmp1,
+				  enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  HOST_WIDE_INT plus_one;
+
+  if (riscv_int_order_operand_ok_p (*code, *cmp1))
+    return true;
+
+  if (CONST_INT_P (*cmp1))
+    switch (*code)
+      {
+      case LE:
+	plus_one = trunc_int_for_mode (UINTVAL (*cmp1) + 1, mode);
+	if (INTVAL (*cmp1) < plus_one)
+	  {
+	    *code = LT;
+	    *cmp1 = force_reg (mode, GEN_INT (plus_one));
+	    return true;
+	  }
+	break;
+
+      case LEU:
+	plus_one = trunc_int_for_mode (UINTVAL (*cmp1) + 1, mode);
+	if (plus_one != 0)
+	  {
+	    *code = LTU;
+	    *cmp1 = force_reg (mode, GEN_INT (plus_one));
+	    return true;
+	  }
+	break;
+
+      default:
+	break;
+      }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Compare CMP0 and CMP1 using ordering test CODE and store the result
+   in TARGET.  CMP0 and TARGET are register_operands.  If INVERT_PTR
+   is nonnull, it's OK to set TARGET to the inverse of the result and
+   flip *INVERT_PTR instead.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_emit_int_order_test (enum rtx_code code, bool *invert_ptr,
+			  rtx target, rtx cmp0, rtx cmp1)
+{
+  enum machine_mode mode;
+
+  /* First see if there is a RISCV instruction that can do this operation.
+     If not, try doing the same for the inverse operation.  If that also
+     fails, force CMP1 into a register and try again.  */
+  mode = GET_MODE (cmp0);
+  if (riscv_canonicalize_int_order_test (&code, &cmp1, mode))
+    riscv_emit_binary (code, target, cmp0, cmp1);
+  else
+    {
+      enum rtx_code inv_code = reverse_condition (code);
+      if (!riscv_canonicalize_int_order_test (&inv_code, &cmp1, mode))
+	{
+	  cmp1 = force_reg (mode, cmp1);
+	  riscv_emit_int_order_test (code, invert_ptr, target, cmp0, cmp1);
+	}
+      else if (invert_ptr == 0)
+	{
+	  rtx inv_target = riscv_force_binary (GET_MODE (target),
+					       inv_code, cmp0, cmp1);
+	  riscv_emit_binary (XOR, target, inv_target, const1_rtx);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  *invert_ptr = !*invert_ptr;
+	  riscv_emit_binary (inv_code, target, cmp0, cmp1);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return a register that is zero iff CMP0 and CMP1 are equal.
+   The register will have the same mode as CMP0.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_zero_if_equal (rtx cmp0, rtx cmp1)
+{
+  if (cmp1 == const0_rtx)
+    return cmp0;
+
+  return expand_binop (GET_MODE (cmp0), sub_optab,
+		       cmp0, cmp1, 0, 0, OPTAB_DIRECT);
+}
+
+/* Sign- or zero-extend OP0 and OP1 for integer comparisons.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_extend_comparands (rtx_code code, rtx *op0, rtx *op1)
+{
+  /* Comparisons consider all XLEN bits, so extend sub-XLEN values.  */
+  if (GET_MODE_SIZE (word_mode) > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (*op0)))
+    {
+      /* It is more profitable to zero-extend QImode values.  */
+      if (unsigned_condition (code) == code && GET_MODE (*op0) == QImode)
+	{
+	  *op0 = gen_rtx_ZERO_EXTEND (word_mode, *op0);
+	  if (CONST_INT_P (*op1))
+	    *op1 = GEN_INT ((uint8_t) INTVAL (*op1));
+	  else
+	    *op1 = gen_rtx_ZERO_EXTEND (word_mode, *op1);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  *op0 = gen_rtx_SIGN_EXTEND (word_mode, *op0);
+	  if (*op1 != const0_rtx)
+	    *op1 = gen_rtx_SIGN_EXTEND (word_mode, *op1);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/* Convert a comparison into something that can be used in a branch.  On
+   entry, *OP0 and *OP1 are the values being compared and *CODE is the code
+   used to compare them.  Update them to describe the final comparison.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_emit_int_compare (enum rtx_code *code, rtx *op0, rtx *op1)
+{
+  if (splittable_const_int_operand (*op1, VOIDmode))
+    {
+      HOST_WIDE_INT rhs = INTVAL (*op1);
+
+      if (*code == EQ || *code == NE)
+	{
+	  /* Convert e.g. OP0 == 2048 into OP0 - 2048 == 0.  */
+	  if (SMALL_OPERAND (-rhs))
+	    {
+	      *op0 = riscv_force_binary (GET_MODE (*op0), PLUS, *op0,
+					 GEN_INT (-rhs));
+	      *op1 = const0_rtx;
+	    }
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  static const enum rtx_code mag_comparisons[][2] = {
+	    {LEU, LTU}, {GTU, GEU}, {LE, LT}, {GT, GE}
+	  };
+
+	  /* Convert e.g. (OP0 <= 0xFFF) into (OP0 < 0x1000).  */
+	  for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (mag_comparisons); i++)
+	    {
+	      HOST_WIDE_INT new_rhs;
+	      bool increment = *code == mag_comparisons[i][0];
+	      bool decrement = *code == mag_comparisons[i][1];
+	      if (!increment && !decrement)
+		continue;
+
+	      new_rhs = rhs + (increment ? 1 : -1);
+	      if (riscv_integer_cost (new_rhs) < riscv_integer_cost (rhs)
+		  && (rhs < 0) == (new_rhs < 0))
+		{
+		  *op1 = GEN_INT (new_rhs);
+		  *code = mag_comparisons[i][increment];
+		}
+	      break;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  riscv_extend_comparands (*code, op0, op1);
+
+  *op0 = force_reg (word_mode, *op0);
+  if (*op1 != const0_rtx)
+    *op1 = force_reg (word_mode, *op1);
+}
+
+/* Like riscv_emit_int_compare, but for floating-point comparisons.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_emit_float_compare (enum rtx_code *code, rtx *op0, rtx *op1)
+{
+  rtx tmp0, tmp1, cmp_op0 = *op0, cmp_op1 = *op1;
+  enum rtx_code fp_code = *code;
+  *code = NE;
+
+  switch (fp_code)
+    {
+    case UNORDERED:
+      *code = EQ;
+      /* Fall through.  */
+
+    case ORDERED:
+      /* a == a && b == b */
+      tmp0 = riscv_force_binary (word_mode, EQ, cmp_op0, cmp_op0);
+      tmp1 = riscv_force_binary (word_mode, EQ, cmp_op1, cmp_op1);
+      *op0 = riscv_force_binary (word_mode, AND, tmp0, tmp1);
+      *op1 = const0_rtx;
+      break;
+
+    case UNEQ:
+    case LTGT:
+      /* ordered(a, b) > (a == b) */
+      *code = fp_code == LTGT ? GTU : EQ;
+      tmp0 = riscv_force_binary (word_mode, EQ, cmp_op0, cmp_op0);
+      tmp1 = riscv_force_binary (word_mode, EQ, cmp_op1, cmp_op1);
+      *op0 = riscv_force_binary (word_mode, AND, tmp0, tmp1);
+      *op1 = riscv_force_binary (word_mode, EQ, cmp_op0, cmp_op1);
+      break;
+
+#define UNORDERED_COMPARISON(CODE, CMP)					\
+    case CODE:								\
+      *code = EQ;							\
+      *op0 = gen_reg_rtx (word_mode);					\
+      if (GET_MODE (cmp_op0) == SFmode && TARGET_64BIT)			\
+	emit_insn (gen_f##CMP##_quietsfdi4 (*op0, cmp_op0, cmp_op1));	\
+      else if (GET_MODE (cmp_op0) == SFmode)				\
+	emit_insn (gen_f##CMP##_quietsfsi4 (*op0, cmp_op0, cmp_op1));	\
+      else if (GET_MODE (cmp_op0) == DFmode && TARGET_64BIT)		\
+	emit_insn (gen_f##CMP##_quietdfdi4 (*op0, cmp_op0, cmp_op1));	\
+      else if (GET_MODE (cmp_op0) == DFmode)				\
+	emit_insn (gen_f##CMP##_quietdfsi4 (*op0, cmp_op0, cmp_op1));	\
+      else								\
+	gcc_unreachable ();						\
+      *op1 = const0_rtx;						\
+      break;
+
+    case UNLT:
+      std::swap (cmp_op0, cmp_op1);
+      /* Fall through.  */
+
+    UNORDERED_COMPARISON(UNGT, le)
+
+    case UNLE:
+      std::swap (cmp_op0, cmp_op1);
+      /* Fall through.  */
+
+    UNORDERED_COMPARISON(UNGE, lt)
+#undef UNORDERED_COMPARISON
+
+    case NE:
+      fp_code = EQ;
+      *code = EQ;
+      /* Fall through.  */
+
+    case EQ:
+    case LE:
+    case LT:
+    case GE:
+    case GT:
+      /* We have instructions for these cases.  */
+      *op0 = riscv_force_binary (word_mode, fp_code, cmp_op0, cmp_op1);
+      *op1 = const0_rtx;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+}
+
+/* CODE-compare OP0 and OP1.  Store the result in TARGET.  */
+
+void
+riscv_expand_int_scc (rtx target, enum rtx_code code, rtx op0, rtx op1)
+{
+  riscv_extend_comparands (code, &op0, &op1);
+  op0 = force_reg (word_mode, op0);
+
+  if (code == EQ || code == NE)
+    {
+      rtx zie = riscv_zero_if_equal (op0, op1);
+      riscv_emit_binary (code, target, zie, const0_rtx);
+    }
+  else
+    riscv_emit_int_order_test (code, 0, target, op0, op1);
+}
+
+/* Like riscv_expand_int_scc, but for floating-point comparisons.  */
+
+void
+riscv_expand_float_scc (rtx target, enum rtx_code code, rtx op0, rtx op1)
+{
+  riscv_emit_float_compare (&code, &op0, &op1);
+
+  rtx cmp = riscv_force_binary (word_mode, code, op0, op1);
+  riscv_emit_set (target, lowpart_subreg (SImode, cmp, word_mode));
+}
+
+/* Jump to LABEL if (CODE OP0 OP1) holds.  */
+
+void
+riscv_expand_conditional_branch (rtx label, rtx_code code, rtx op0, rtx op1)
+{
+  if (FLOAT_MODE_P (GET_MODE (op1)))
+    riscv_emit_float_compare (&code, &op0, &op1);
+  else
+    riscv_emit_int_compare (&code, &op0, &op1);
+
+  rtx condition = gen_rtx_fmt_ee (code, VOIDmode, op0, op1);
+  emit_jump_insn (gen_condjump (condition, label));
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_FUNCTION_ARG_BOUNDARY.  Every parameter gets at
+   least PARM_BOUNDARY bits of alignment, but will be given anything up
+   to STACK_BOUNDARY bits if the type requires it.  */
+
+static unsigned int
+riscv_function_arg_boundary (enum machine_mode mode, const_tree type)
+{
+  unsigned int alignment;
+
+  /* Use natural alignment if the type is not aggregate data.  */
+  if (type && !AGGREGATE_TYPE_P (type))
+    alignment = TYPE_ALIGN (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type));
+  else
+    alignment = type ? TYPE_ALIGN (type) : GET_MODE_ALIGNMENT (mode);
+
+  return MIN (STACK_BOUNDARY, MAX (PARM_BOUNDARY, alignment));
+}
+
+/* If MODE represents an argument that can be passed or returned in
+   floating-point registers, return the number of registers, else 0.  */
+
+static unsigned
+riscv_pass_mode_in_fpr_p (enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  if (GET_MODE_UNIT_SIZE (mode) <= UNITS_PER_FP_ARG)
+    {
+      if (GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_FLOAT)
+	return 1;
+
+      if (GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_COMPLEX_FLOAT)
+	return 2;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  const_tree type;
+  HOST_WIDE_INT offset;
+} riscv_aggregate_field;
+
+/* Identify subfields of aggregates that are candidates for passing in
+   floating-point registers.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_flatten_aggregate_field (const_tree type,
+			       riscv_aggregate_field fields[2],
+			       int n, HOST_WIDE_INT offset)
+{
+  switch (TREE_CODE (type))
+    {
+    case RECORD_TYPE:
+     /* Can't handle incomplete types nor sizes that are not fixed.  */
+     if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type)
+	 || TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (type)) != INTEGER_CST
+	 || !tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_SIZE (type)))
+       return -1;
+
+      for (tree f = TYPE_FIELDS (type); f; f = DECL_CHAIN (f))
+	if (TREE_CODE (f) == FIELD_DECL)
+	  {
+	    if (!TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (f)))
+	      return -1;
+
+	    HOST_WIDE_INT pos = offset + int_byte_position (f);
+	    n = riscv_flatten_aggregate_field (TREE_TYPE (f), fields, n, pos);
+	    if (n < 0)
+	      return -1;
+	  }
+      return n;
+
+    case ARRAY_TYPE:
+      {
+	HOST_WIDE_INT n_elts;
+	riscv_aggregate_field subfields[2];
+	tree index = TYPE_DOMAIN (type);
+	tree elt_size = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (TREE_TYPE (type));
+	int n_subfields = riscv_flatten_aggregate_field (TREE_TYPE (type),
+							 subfields, 0, offset);
+
+	/* Can't handle incomplete types nor sizes that are not fixed.  */
+	if (n_subfields <= 0
+	    || !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type)
+	    || TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (type)) != INTEGER_CST
+	    || !index
+	    || !TYPE_MAX_VALUE (index)
+	    || !tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (index))
+	    || !TYPE_MIN_VALUE (index)
+	    || !tree_fits_uhwi_p (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (index))
+	    || !tree_fits_uhwi_p (elt_size))
+	  return -1;
+
+	n_elts = 1 + tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (index))
+		   - tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (index));
+	gcc_assert (n_elts >= 0);
+
+	for (HOST_WIDE_INT i = 0; i < n_elts; i++)
+	  for (int j = 0; j < n_subfields; j++)
+	    {
+	      if (n >= 2)
+		return -1;
+
+	      fields[n] = subfields[j];
+	      fields[n++].offset += i * tree_to_uhwi (elt_size);
+	    }
+
+	return n;
+      }
+
+    case COMPLEX_TYPE:
+      {
+	/* Complex type need consume 2 field, so n must be 0.  */
+	if (n != 0)
+	  return -1;
+
+	HOST_WIDE_INT elt_size = GET_MODE_SIZE (TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE (type)));
+
+	if (elt_size <= UNITS_PER_FP_ARG)
+	  {
+	    fields[0].type = TREE_TYPE (type);
+	    fields[0].offset = offset;
+	    fields[1].type = TREE_TYPE (type);
+	    fields[1].offset = offset + elt_size;
+
+	    return 2;
+	  }
+
+	return -1;
+      }
+
+    default:
+      if (n < 2
+	  && ((SCALAR_FLOAT_TYPE_P (type)
+	       && GET_MODE_SIZE (TYPE_MODE (type)) <= UNITS_PER_FP_ARG)
+	      || (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type)
+		  && GET_MODE_SIZE (TYPE_MODE (type)) <= UNITS_PER_WORD)))
+	{
+	  fields[n].type = type;
+	  fields[n].offset = offset;
+	  return n + 1;
+	}
+      else
+	return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Identify candidate aggregates for passing in floating-point registers.
+   Candidates have at most two fields after flattening.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_flatten_aggregate_argument (const_tree type,
+				  riscv_aggregate_field fields[2])
+{
+  if (!type || TREE_CODE (type) != RECORD_TYPE)
+    return -1;
+
+  return riscv_flatten_aggregate_field (type, fields, 0, 0);
+}
+
+/* See whether TYPE is a record whose fields should be returned in one or
+   two floating-point registers.  If so, populate FIELDS accordingly.  */
+
+static unsigned
+riscv_pass_aggregate_in_fpr_pair_p (const_tree type,
+				    riscv_aggregate_field fields[2])
+{
+  int n = riscv_flatten_aggregate_argument (type, fields);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    if (!SCALAR_FLOAT_TYPE_P (fields[i].type))
+      return 0;
+
+  return n > 0 ? n : 0;
+}
+
+/* See whether TYPE is a record whose fields should be returned in one or
+   floating-point register and one integer register.  If so, populate
+   FIELDS accordingly.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_pass_aggregate_in_fpr_and_gpr_p (const_tree type,
+				       riscv_aggregate_field fields[2])
+{
+  unsigned num_int = 0, num_float = 0;
+  int n = riscv_flatten_aggregate_argument (type, fields);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    {
+      num_float += SCALAR_FLOAT_TYPE_P (fields[i].type);
+      num_int += INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (fields[i].type);
+    }
+
+  return num_int == 1 && num_float == 1;
+}
+
+/* Return the representation of an argument passed or returned in an FPR
+   when the value has mode VALUE_MODE and the type has TYPE_MODE.  The
+   two modes may be different for structures like:
+
+       struct __attribute__((packed)) foo { float f; }
+
+  where the SFmode value "f" is passed in REGNO but the struct itself
+  has mode BLKmode.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_pass_fpr_single (enum machine_mode type_mode, unsigned regno,
+		       enum machine_mode value_mode)
+{
+  rtx x = gen_rtx_REG (value_mode, regno);
+
+  if (type_mode != value_mode)
+    {
+      x = gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (VOIDmode, x, const0_rtx);
+      x = gen_rtx_PARALLEL (type_mode, gen_rtvec (1, x));
+    }
+  return x;
+}
+
+/* Pass or return a composite value in the FPR pair REGNO and REGNO + 1.
+   MODE is the mode of the composite.  MODE1 and OFFSET1 are the mode and
+   byte offset for the first value, likewise MODE2 and OFFSET2 for the
+   second value.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_pass_fpr_pair (enum machine_mode mode, unsigned regno1,
+		     enum machine_mode mode1, HOST_WIDE_INT offset1,
+		     unsigned regno2, enum machine_mode mode2,
+		     HOST_WIDE_INT offset2)
+{
+  return gen_rtx_PARALLEL
+    (mode,
+     gen_rtvec (2,
+		gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (VOIDmode,
+				   gen_rtx_REG (mode1, regno1),
+				   GEN_INT (offset1)),
+		gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (VOIDmode,
+				   gen_rtx_REG (mode2, regno2),
+				   GEN_INT (offset2))));
+}
+
+/* Fill INFO with information about a single argument, and return an
+   RTL pattern to pass or return the argument.  CUM is the cumulative
+   state for earlier arguments.  MODE is the mode of this argument and
+   TYPE is its type (if known).  NAMED is true if this is a named
+   (fixed) argument rather than a variable one.  RETURN_P is true if
+   returning the argument, or false if passing the argument.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_get_arg_info (struct riscv_arg_info *info, const CUMULATIVE_ARGS *cum,
+		    enum machine_mode mode, const_tree type, bool named,
+		    bool return_p)
+{
+  unsigned num_bytes, num_words;
+  unsigned fpr_base = return_p ? FP_RETURN : FP_ARG_FIRST;
+  unsigned gpr_base = return_p ? GP_RETURN : GP_ARG_FIRST;
+  unsigned alignment = riscv_function_arg_boundary (mode, type);
+
+  memset (info, 0, sizeof (*info));
+  info->gpr_offset = cum->num_gprs;
+  info->fpr_offset = cum->num_fprs;
+
+  if (named)
+    {
+      riscv_aggregate_field fields[2];
+      unsigned fregno = fpr_base + info->fpr_offset;
+      unsigned gregno = gpr_base + info->gpr_offset;
+
+      /* Pass one- or two-element floating-point aggregates in FPRs.  */
+      if ((info->num_fprs = riscv_pass_aggregate_in_fpr_pair_p (type, fields))
+	  && info->fpr_offset + info->num_fprs <= MAX_ARGS_IN_REGISTERS)
+	switch (info->num_fprs)
+	  {
+	  case 1:
+	    return riscv_pass_fpr_single (mode, fregno,
+					  TYPE_MODE (fields[0].type));
+
+	  case 2:
+	    return riscv_pass_fpr_pair (mode, fregno,
+					TYPE_MODE (fields[0].type),
+					fields[0].offset,
+					fregno + 1,
+					TYPE_MODE (fields[1].type),
+					fields[1].offset);
+
+	  default:
+	    gcc_unreachable ();
+	  }
+
+      /* Pass real and complex floating-point numbers in FPRs.  */
+      if ((info->num_fprs = riscv_pass_mode_in_fpr_p (mode))
+	  && info->fpr_offset + info->num_fprs <= MAX_ARGS_IN_REGISTERS)
+	switch (GET_MODE_CLASS (mode))
+	  {
+	  case MODE_FLOAT:
+	    return gen_rtx_REG (mode, fregno);
+
+	  case MODE_COMPLEX_FLOAT:
+	    return riscv_pass_fpr_pair (mode, fregno, GET_MODE_INNER (mode), 0,
+					fregno + 1, GET_MODE_INNER (mode),
+					GET_MODE_UNIT_SIZE (mode));
+
+	  default:
+	    gcc_unreachable ();
+	  }
+
+      /* Pass structs with one float and one integer in an FPR and a GPR.  */
+      if (riscv_pass_aggregate_in_fpr_and_gpr_p (type, fields)
+	  && info->gpr_offset < MAX_ARGS_IN_REGISTERS
+	  && info->fpr_offset < MAX_ARGS_IN_REGISTERS)
+	{
+	  info->num_gprs = 1;
+	  info->num_fprs = 1;
+
+	  if (!SCALAR_FLOAT_TYPE_P (fields[0].type))
+	    std::swap (fregno, gregno);
+
+	  return riscv_pass_fpr_pair (mode, fregno, TYPE_MODE (fields[0].type),
+				      fields[0].offset,
+				      gregno, TYPE_MODE (fields[1].type),
+				      fields[1].offset);
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Work out the size of the argument.  */
+  num_bytes = type ? int_size_in_bytes (type) : GET_MODE_SIZE (mode);
+  num_words = (num_bytes + UNITS_PER_WORD - 1) / UNITS_PER_WORD;
+
+  /* Doubleword-aligned varargs start on an even register boundary.  */
+  if (!named && num_bytes != 0 && alignment > BITS_PER_WORD)
+    info->gpr_offset += info->gpr_offset & 1;
+
+  /* Partition the argument between registers and stack.  */
+  info->num_fprs = 0;
+  info->num_gprs = MIN (num_words, MAX_ARGS_IN_REGISTERS - info->gpr_offset);
+  info->stack_p = (num_words - info->num_gprs) != 0;
+
+  if (info->num_gprs || return_p)
+    return gen_rtx_REG (mode, gpr_base + info->gpr_offset);
+
+  return NULL_RTX;
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_FUNCTION_ARG.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_function_arg (cumulative_args_t cum_v, enum machine_mode mode,
+		    const_tree type, bool named)
+{
+  CUMULATIVE_ARGS *cum = get_cumulative_args (cum_v);
+  struct riscv_arg_info info;
+
+  if (mode == VOIDmode)
+    return NULL;
+
+  return riscv_get_arg_info (&info, cum, mode, type, named, false);
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_FUNCTION_ARG_ADVANCE.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_function_arg_advance (cumulative_args_t cum_v, enum machine_mode mode,
+			    const_tree type, bool named)
+{
+  CUMULATIVE_ARGS *cum = get_cumulative_args (cum_v);
+  struct riscv_arg_info info;
+
+  riscv_get_arg_info (&info, cum, mode, type, named, false);
+
+  /* Advance the register count.  This has the effect of setting
+     num_gprs to MAX_ARGS_IN_REGISTERS if a doubleword-aligned
+     argument required us to skip the final GPR and pass the whole
+     argument on the stack.  */
+  cum->num_fprs = info.fpr_offset + info.num_fprs;
+  cum->num_gprs = info.gpr_offset + info.num_gprs;
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_ARG_PARTIAL_BYTES.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_arg_partial_bytes (cumulative_args_t cum,
+			 enum machine_mode mode, tree type, bool named)
+{
+  struct riscv_arg_info arg;
+
+  riscv_get_arg_info (&arg, get_cumulative_args (cum), mode, type, named, false);
+  return arg.stack_p ? arg.num_gprs * UNITS_PER_WORD : 0;
+}
+
+/* Implement FUNCTION_VALUE and LIBCALL_VALUE.  For normal calls,
+   VALTYPE is the return type and MODE is VOIDmode.  For libcalls,
+   VALTYPE is null and MODE is the mode of the return value.  */
+
+rtx
+riscv_function_value (const_tree type, const_tree func, enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  struct riscv_arg_info info;
+  CUMULATIVE_ARGS args;
+
+  if (type)
+    {
+      int unsigned_p = TYPE_UNSIGNED (type);
+
+      mode = TYPE_MODE (type);
+
+      /* Since TARGET_PROMOTE_FUNCTION_MODE unconditionally promotes,
+	 return values, promote the mode here too.  */
+      mode = promote_function_mode (type, mode, &unsigned_p, func, 1);
+    }
+
+  memset (&args, 0, sizeof args);
+  return riscv_get_arg_info (&info, &args, mode, type, true, true);
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_PASS_BY_REFERENCE. */
+
+static bool
+riscv_pass_by_reference (cumulative_args_t cum_v, enum machine_mode mode,
+			 const_tree type, bool named)
+{
+  HOST_WIDE_INT size = type ? int_size_in_bytes (type) : GET_MODE_SIZE (mode);
+  struct riscv_arg_info info;
+  CUMULATIVE_ARGS *cum = get_cumulative_args (cum_v);
+
+  /* ??? std_gimplify_va_arg_expr passes NULL for cum.  Fortunately, we
+     never pass variadic arguments in floating-point registers, so we can
+     avoid the call to riscv_get_arg_info in this case.  */
+  if (cum != NULL)
+    {
+      /* Don't pass by reference if we can use a floating-point register.  */
+      riscv_get_arg_info (&info, cum, mode, type, named, false);
+      if (info.num_fprs)
+	return false;
+    }
+
+  /* Pass by reference if the data do not fit in two integer registers.  */
+  return !IN_RANGE (size, 0, 2 * UNITS_PER_WORD);
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_RETURN_IN_MEMORY.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_return_in_memory (const_tree type, const_tree fndecl ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  CUMULATIVE_ARGS args;
+  cumulative_args_t cum = pack_cumulative_args (&args);
+
+  /* The rules for returning in memory are the same as for passing the
+     first named argument by reference.  */
+  memset (&args, 0, sizeof args);
+  return riscv_pass_by_reference (cum, TYPE_MODE (type), type, true);
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_SETUP_INCOMING_VARARGS.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_setup_incoming_varargs (cumulative_args_t cum, enum machine_mode mode,
+			     tree type, int *pretend_size ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			     int no_rtl)
+{
+  CUMULATIVE_ARGS local_cum;
+  int gp_saved;
+
+  /* The caller has advanced CUM up to, but not beyond, the last named
+     argument.  Advance a local copy of CUM past the last "real" named
+     argument, to find out how many registers are left over.  */
+  local_cum = *get_cumulative_args (cum);
+  riscv_function_arg_advance (pack_cumulative_args (&local_cum), mode, type, 1);
+
+  /* Found out how many registers we need to save.  */
+  gp_saved = MAX_ARGS_IN_REGISTERS - local_cum.num_gprs;
+
+  if (!no_rtl && gp_saved > 0)
+    {
+      rtx ptr = plus_constant (Pmode, virtual_incoming_args_rtx,
+			       REG_PARM_STACK_SPACE (cfun->decl)
+			       - gp_saved * UNITS_PER_WORD);
+      rtx mem = gen_frame_mem (BLKmode, ptr);
+      set_mem_alias_set (mem, get_varargs_alias_set ());
+
+      move_block_from_reg (local_cum.num_gprs + GP_ARG_FIRST,
+			   mem, gp_saved);
+    }
+  if (REG_PARM_STACK_SPACE (cfun->decl) == 0)
+    cfun->machine->varargs_size = gp_saved * UNITS_PER_WORD;
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_EXPAND_BUILTIN_VA_START.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_va_start (tree valist, rtx nextarg)
+{
+  nextarg = plus_constant (Pmode, nextarg, -cfun->machine->varargs_size);
+  std_expand_builtin_va_start (valist, nextarg);
+}
+
+/* Make ADDR suitable for use as a call or sibcall target.  */
+
+rtx
+riscv_legitimize_call_address (rtx addr)
+{
+  if (!call_insn_operand (addr, VOIDmode))
+    {
+      rtx reg = RISCV_PROLOGUE_TEMP (Pmode);
+      riscv_emit_move (reg, addr);
+      return reg;
+    }
+  return addr;
+}
+
+/* Print symbolic operand OP, which is part of a HIGH or LO_SUM
+   in context CONTEXT.  HI_RELOC indicates a high-part reloc.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_print_operand_reloc (FILE *file, rtx op, bool hi_reloc)
+{
+  const char *reloc;
+
+  switch (riscv_classify_symbolic_expression (op))
+    {
+      case SYMBOL_ABSOLUTE:
+	reloc = hi_reloc ? "%hi" : "%lo";
+	break;
+
+      case SYMBOL_PCREL:
+	reloc = hi_reloc ? "%pcrel_hi" : "%pcrel_lo";
+	break;
+
+      case SYMBOL_TLS_LE:
+	reloc = hi_reloc ? "%tprel_hi" : "%tprel_lo";
+	break;
+
+      default:
+	gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  fprintf (file, "%s(", reloc);
+  output_addr_const (file, riscv_strip_unspec_address (op));
+  fputc (')', file);
+}
+
+/* Return true if the .AQ suffix should be added to an AMO to implement the
+   acquire portion of memory model MODEL.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_memmodel_needs_amo_acquire (enum memmodel model)
+{
+  switch (model)
+    {
+      case MEMMODEL_ACQ_REL:
+      case MEMMODEL_SEQ_CST:
+      case MEMMODEL_SYNC_SEQ_CST:
+      case MEMMODEL_ACQUIRE:
+      case MEMMODEL_CONSUME:
+      case MEMMODEL_SYNC_ACQUIRE:
+	return true;
+
+      case MEMMODEL_RELEASE:
+      case MEMMODEL_SYNC_RELEASE:
+      case MEMMODEL_RELAXED:
+	return false;
+
+      default:
+	gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return true if a FENCE should be emitted to before a memory access to
+   implement the release portion of memory model MODEL.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_memmodel_needs_release_fence (enum memmodel model)
+{
+  switch (model)
+    {
+      case MEMMODEL_ACQ_REL:
+      case MEMMODEL_SEQ_CST:
+      case MEMMODEL_SYNC_SEQ_CST:
+      case MEMMODEL_RELEASE:
+      case MEMMODEL_SYNC_RELEASE:
+	return true;
+
+      case MEMMODEL_ACQUIRE:
+      case MEMMODEL_CONSUME:
+      case MEMMODEL_SYNC_ACQUIRE:
+      case MEMMODEL_RELAXED:
+	return false;
+
+      default:
+	gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_PRINT_OPERAND.  The RISCV-specific operand codes are:
+
+   'h'	Print the high-part relocation associated with OP, after stripping
+	  any outermost HIGH.
+   'R'	Print the low-part relocation associated with OP.
+   'C'	Print the integer branch condition for comparison OP.
+   'A'	Print the atomic operation suffix for memory model OP.
+   'F'	Print a FENCE if the memory model requires a release.
+   'z'	Print x0 if OP is zero, otherwise print OP normally.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_print_operand (FILE *file, rtx op, int letter)
+{
+  enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (op);
+  enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (op);
+
+  switch (letter)
+    {
+    case 'h':
+      if (code == HIGH)
+	op = XEXP (op, 0);
+      riscv_print_operand_reloc (file, op, true);
+      break;
+
+    case 'R':
+      riscv_print_operand_reloc (file, op, false);
+      break;
+
+    case 'C':
+      /* The RTL names match the instruction names. */
+      fputs (GET_RTX_NAME (code), file);
+      break;
+
+    case 'A':
+      if (riscv_memmodel_needs_amo_acquire ((enum memmodel) INTVAL (op)))
+	fputs (".aq", file);
+      break;
+
+    case 'F':
+      if (riscv_memmodel_needs_release_fence ((enum memmodel) INTVAL (op)))
+	fputs ("fence rw,w; ", file);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      switch (code)
+	{
+	case REG:
+	  if (letter && letter != 'z')
+	    output_operand_lossage ("invalid use of '%%%c'", letter);
+	  fprintf (file, "%s", reg_names[REGNO (op)]);
+	  break;
+
+	case MEM:
+	  if (letter && letter != 'z')
+	    output_operand_lossage ("invalid use of '%%%c'", letter);
+	  else
+	    output_address (mode, XEXP (op, 0));
+	  break;
+
+	default:
+	  if (letter == 'z' && op == CONST0_RTX (GET_MODE (op)))
+	    fputs (reg_names[GP_REG_FIRST], file);
+	  else if (letter && letter != 'z')
+	    output_operand_lossage ("invalid use of '%%%c'", letter);
+	  else
+	    output_addr_const (file, riscv_strip_unspec_address (op));
+	  break;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_PRINT_OPERAND_ADDRESS.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_print_operand_address (FILE *file, machine_mode mode ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, rtx x)
+{
+  struct riscv_address_info addr;
+
+  if (riscv_classify_address (&addr, x, word_mode, true))
+    switch (addr.type)
+      {
+      case ADDRESS_REG:
+	riscv_print_operand (file, addr.offset, 0);
+	fprintf (file, "(%s)", reg_names[REGNO (addr.reg)]);
+	return;
+
+      case ADDRESS_LO_SUM:
+	riscv_print_operand_reloc (file, addr.offset, false);
+	fprintf (file, "(%s)", reg_names[REGNO (addr.reg)]);
+	return;
+
+      case ADDRESS_CONST_INT:
+	output_addr_const (file, x);
+	fprintf (file, "(%s)", reg_names[GP_REG_FIRST]);
+	return;
+
+      case ADDRESS_SYMBOLIC:
+	output_addr_const (file, riscv_strip_unspec_address (x));
+	return;
+      }
+  gcc_unreachable ();
+}
+
+static bool
+riscv_size_ok_for_small_data_p (int size)
+{
+  return g_switch_value && IN_RANGE (size, 1, g_switch_value);
+}
+
+/* Return true if EXP should be placed in the small data section. */
+
+static bool
+riscv_in_small_data_p (const_tree x)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (x) == STRING_CST || TREE_CODE (x) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    return false;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (x) == VAR_DECL && DECL_SECTION_NAME (x))
+    {
+      const char *sec = DECL_SECTION_NAME (x);
+      return strcmp (sec, ".sdata") == 0 || strcmp (sec, ".sbss") == 0;
+    }
+
+  return riscv_size_ok_for_small_data_p (int_size_in_bytes (TREE_TYPE (x)));
+}
+
+/* Return a section for X, handling small data. */
+
+static section *
+riscv_elf_select_rtx_section (enum machine_mode mode, rtx x,
+			      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT align)
+{
+  section *s = default_elf_select_rtx_section (mode, x, align);
+
+  if (riscv_size_ok_for_small_data_p (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode)))
+    {
+      if (strncmp (s->named.name, ".rodata.cst", strlen (".rodata.cst")) == 0)
+	{
+	  /* Rename .rodata.cst* to .srodata.cst*. */
+	  char *name = (char *) alloca (strlen (s->named.name) + 2);
+	  sprintf (name, ".s%s", s->named.name + 1);
+	  return get_section (name, s->named.common.flags, NULL);
+	}
+
+      if (s == data_section)
+	return sdata_section;
+    }
+
+  return s;
+}
+
+/* Make the last instruction frame-related and note that it performs
+   the operation described by FRAME_PATTERN.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_set_frame_expr (rtx frame_pattern)
+{
+  rtx insn;
+
+  insn = get_last_insn ();
+  RTX_FRAME_RELATED_P (insn) = 1;
+  REG_NOTES (insn) = alloc_EXPR_LIST (REG_FRAME_RELATED_EXPR,
+				      frame_pattern,
+				      REG_NOTES (insn));
+}
+
+/* Return a frame-related rtx that stores REG at MEM.
+   REG must be a single register.  */
+
+static rtx
+riscv_frame_set (rtx mem, rtx reg)
+{
+  rtx set = gen_rtx_SET (mem, reg);
+  RTX_FRAME_RELATED_P (set) = 1;
+  return set;
+}
+
+/* Return true if the current function must save register REGNO.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_save_reg_p (unsigned int regno)
+{
+  bool call_saved = !global_regs[regno] && !call_used_regs[regno];
+  bool might_clobber = crtl->saves_all_registers
+		       || df_regs_ever_live_p (regno);
+
+  if (call_saved && might_clobber)
+    return true;
+
+  if (regno == HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM && frame_pointer_needed)
+    return true;
+
+  if (regno == RETURN_ADDR_REGNUM && crtl->calls_eh_return)
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Determine whether to call GPR save/restore routines.  */
+static bool
+riscv_use_save_libcall (const struct riscv_frame_info *frame)
+{
+  if (!TARGET_SAVE_RESTORE || crtl->calls_eh_return || frame_pointer_needed)
+    return false;
+
+  return frame->save_libcall_adjustment != 0;
+}
+
+/* Determine which GPR save/restore routine to call.  */
+
+static unsigned
+riscv_save_libcall_count (unsigned mask)
+{
+  for (unsigned n = GP_REG_LAST; n > GP_REG_FIRST; n--)
+    if (BITSET_P (mask, n))
+      return CALLEE_SAVED_REG_NUMBER (n) + 1;
+  abort ();
+}
+
+/* Populate the current function's riscv_frame_info structure.
+
+   RISC-V stack frames grown downward.  High addresses are at the top.
+
+	+-------------------------------+
+	|                               |
+	|  incoming stack arguments     |
+	|                               |
+	+-------------------------------+ <-- incoming stack pointer
+	|                               |
+	|  callee-allocated save area   |
+	|  for arguments that are       |
+	|  split between registers and  |
+	|  the stack                    |
+	|                               |
+	+-------------------------------+ <-- arg_pointer_rtx
+	|                               |
+	|  callee-allocated save area   |
+	|  for register varargs         |
+	|                               |
+	+-------------------------------+ <-- hard_frame_pointer_rtx;
+	|                               |     stack_pointer_rtx + gp_sp_offset
+	|  GPR save area                |       + UNITS_PER_WORD
+	|                               |
+	+-------------------------------+ <-- stack_pointer_rtx + fp_sp_offset
+	|                               |       + UNITS_PER_HWVALUE
+	|  FPR save area                |
+	|                               |
+	+-------------------------------+ <-- frame_pointer_rtx (virtual)
+	|                               |
+	|  local variables              |
+	|                               |
+      P +-------------------------------+
+	|                               |
+	|  outgoing stack arguments     |
+	|                               |
+	+-------------------------------+ <-- stack_pointer_rtx
+
+   Dynamic stack allocations such as alloca insert data at point P.
+   They decrease stack_pointer_rtx but leave frame_pointer_rtx and
+   hard_frame_pointer_rtx unchanged.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_compute_frame_info (void)
+{
+  struct riscv_frame_info *frame;
+  HOST_WIDE_INT offset;
+  unsigned int regno, i, num_x_saved = 0, num_f_saved = 0;
+
+  frame = &cfun->machine->frame;
+  memset (frame, 0, sizeof (*frame));
+
+  /* Find out which GPRs we need to save.  */
+  for (regno = GP_REG_FIRST; regno <= GP_REG_LAST; regno++)
+    if (riscv_save_reg_p (regno))
+      frame->mask |= 1 << (regno - GP_REG_FIRST), num_x_saved++;
+
+  /* If this function calls eh_return, we must also save and restore the
+     EH data registers.  */
+  if (crtl->calls_eh_return)
+    for (i = 0; (regno = EH_RETURN_DATA_REGNO (i)) != INVALID_REGNUM; i++)
+      frame->mask |= 1 << (regno - GP_REG_FIRST), num_x_saved++;
+
+  /* Find out which FPRs we need to save.  This loop must iterate over
+     the same space as its companion in riscv_for_each_saved_reg.  */
+  if (TARGET_HARD_FLOAT)
+    for (regno = FP_REG_FIRST; regno <= FP_REG_LAST; regno++)
+      if (riscv_save_reg_p (regno))
+	frame->fmask |= 1 << (regno - FP_REG_FIRST), num_f_saved++;
+
+  /* At the bottom of the frame are any outgoing stack arguments. */
+  offset = crtl->outgoing_args_size;
+  /* Next are local stack variables. */
+  offset += RISCV_STACK_ALIGN (get_frame_size ());
+  /* The virtual frame pointer points above the local variables. */
+  frame->frame_pointer_offset = offset;
+  /* Next are the callee-saved FPRs. */
+  if (frame->fmask)
+    offset += RISCV_STACK_ALIGN (num_f_saved * UNITS_PER_FP_REG);
+  frame->fp_sp_offset = offset - UNITS_PER_FP_REG;
+  /* Next are the callee-saved GPRs. */
+  if (frame->mask)
+    {
+      unsigned x_save_size = RISCV_STACK_ALIGN (num_x_saved * UNITS_PER_WORD);
+      unsigned num_save_restore = 1 + riscv_save_libcall_count (frame->mask);
+
+      /* Only use save/restore routines if they don't alter the stack size.  */
+      if (RISCV_STACK_ALIGN (num_save_restore * UNITS_PER_WORD) == x_save_size)
+	frame->save_libcall_adjustment = x_save_size;
+
+      offset += x_save_size;
+    }
+  frame->gp_sp_offset = offset - UNITS_PER_WORD;
+  /* The hard frame pointer points above the callee-saved GPRs. */
+  frame->hard_frame_pointer_offset = offset;
+  /* Above the hard frame pointer is the callee-allocated varags save area. */
+  offset += RISCV_STACK_ALIGN (cfun->machine->varargs_size);
+  frame->arg_pointer_offset = offset;
+  /* Next is the callee-allocated area for pretend stack arguments.  */
+  offset += crtl->args.pretend_args_size;
+  frame->total_size = offset;
+  /* Next points the incoming stack pointer and any incoming arguments. */
+
+  /* Only use save/restore routines when the GPRs are atop the frame.  */
+  if (frame->hard_frame_pointer_offset != frame->total_size)
+    frame->save_libcall_adjustment = 0;
+}
+
+/* Make sure that we're not trying to eliminate to the wrong hard frame
+   pointer.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_can_eliminate (const int from ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, const int to)
+{
+  return (to == HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM || to == STACK_POINTER_REGNUM);
+}
+
+/* Implement INITIAL_ELIMINATION_OFFSET.  FROM is either the frame pointer
+   or argument pointer.  TO is either the stack pointer or hard frame
+   pointer.  */
+
+HOST_WIDE_INT
+riscv_initial_elimination_offset (int from, int to)
+{
+  HOST_WIDE_INT src, dest;
+
+  riscv_compute_frame_info ();
+
+  if (to == HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM)
+    dest = cfun->machine->frame.hard_frame_pointer_offset;
+  else if (to == STACK_POINTER_REGNUM)
+    dest = 0; /* The stack pointer is the base of all offsets, hence 0.  */
+  else
+    gcc_unreachable ();
+
+  if (from == FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM)
+    src = cfun->machine->frame.frame_pointer_offset;
+  else if (from == ARG_POINTER_REGNUM)
+    src = cfun->machine->frame.arg_pointer_offset;
+  else
+    gcc_unreachable ();
+
+  return src - dest;
+}
+
+/* Implement RETURN_ADDR_RTX.  We do not support moving back to a
+   previous frame.  */
+
+rtx
+riscv_return_addr (int count, rtx frame ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  if (count != 0)
+    return const0_rtx;
+
+  return get_hard_reg_initial_val (Pmode, RETURN_ADDR_REGNUM);
+}
+
+/* Emit code to change the current function's return address to
+   ADDRESS.  SCRATCH is available as a scratch register, if needed.
+   ADDRESS and SCRATCH are both word-mode GPRs.  */
+
+void
+riscv_set_return_address (rtx address, rtx scratch)
+{
+  rtx slot_address;
+
+  gcc_assert (BITSET_P (cfun->machine->frame.mask, RETURN_ADDR_REGNUM));
+  slot_address = riscv_add_offset (scratch, stack_pointer_rtx,
+				  cfun->machine->frame.gp_sp_offset);
+  riscv_emit_move (gen_frame_mem (GET_MODE (address), slot_address), address);
+}
+
+/* A function to save or store a register.  The first argument is the
+   register and the second is the stack slot.  */
+typedef void (*riscv_save_restore_fn) (rtx, rtx);
+
+/* Use FN to save or restore register REGNO.  MODE is the register's
+   mode and OFFSET is the offset of its save slot from the current
+   stack pointer.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_save_restore_reg (enum machine_mode mode, int regno,
+		       HOST_WIDE_INT offset, riscv_save_restore_fn fn)
+{
+  rtx mem;
+
+  mem = gen_frame_mem (mode, plus_constant (Pmode, stack_pointer_rtx, offset));
+  fn (gen_rtx_REG (mode, regno), mem);
+}
+
+/* Call FN for each register that is saved by the current function.
+   SP_OFFSET is the offset of the current stack pointer from the start
+   of the frame.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_for_each_saved_reg (HOST_WIDE_INT sp_offset, riscv_save_restore_fn fn)
+{
+  HOST_WIDE_INT offset;
+
+  /* Save the link register and s-registers. */
+  offset = cfun->machine->frame.gp_sp_offset - sp_offset;
+  for (int regno = GP_REG_FIRST; regno <= GP_REG_LAST-1; regno++)
+    if (BITSET_P (cfun->machine->frame.mask, regno - GP_REG_FIRST))
+      {
+	riscv_save_restore_reg (word_mode, regno, offset, fn);
+	offset -= UNITS_PER_WORD;
+      }
+
+  /* This loop must iterate over the same space as its companion in
+     riscv_compute_frame_info.  */
+  offset = cfun->machine->frame.fp_sp_offset - sp_offset;
+  for (int regno = FP_REG_FIRST; regno <= FP_REG_LAST; regno++)
+    if (BITSET_P (cfun->machine->frame.fmask, regno - FP_REG_FIRST))
+      {
+	enum machine_mode mode = TARGET_DOUBLE_FLOAT ? DFmode : SFmode;
+
+	riscv_save_restore_reg (mode, regno, offset, fn);
+	offset -= GET_MODE_SIZE (mode);
+      }
+}
+
+/* Save register REG to MEM.  Make the instruction frame-related.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_save_reg (rtx reg, rtx mem)
+{
+  riscv_emit_move (mem, reg);
+  riscv_set_frame_expr (riscv_frame_set (mem, reg));
+}
+
+/* Restore register REG from MEM.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_restore_reg (rtx reg, rtx mem)
+{
+  rtx insn = riscv_emit_move (reg, mem);
+  rtx dwarf = NULL_RTX;
+  dwarf = alloc_reg_note (REG_CFA_RESTORE, reg, dwarf);
+  REG_NOTES (insn) = dwarf;
+
+  RTX_FRAME_RELATED_P (insn) = 1;
+}
+
+/* Return the code to invoke the GPR save routine.  */
+
+const char *
+riscv_output_gpr_save (unsigned mask)
+{
+  static char s[32];
+  unsigned n = riscv_save_libcall_count (mask);
+
+  ssize_t bytes = snprintf (s, sizeof (s), "call\tt0,__riscv_save_%u", n);
+  gcc_assert ((size_t) bytes < sizeof (s));
+
+  return s;
+}
+
+/* For stack frames that can't be allocated with a single ADDI instruction,
+   compute the best value to initially allocate.  It must at a minimum
+   allocate enough space to spill the callee-saved registers.  */
+
+static HOST_WIDE_INT
+riscv_first_stack_step (struct riscv_frame_info *frame)
+{
+  HOST_WIDE_INT min_first_step = frame->total_size - frame->fp_sp_offset;
+  HOST_WIDE_INT max_first_step = IMM_REACH / 2 - STACK_BOUNDARY / 8;
+
+  if (SMALL_OPERAND (frame->total_size))
+    return frame->total_size;
+
+  /* As an optimization, use the least-significant bits of the total frame
+     size, so that the second adjustment step is just LUI + ADD.  */
+  if (!SMALL_OPERAND (frame->total_size - max_first_step)
+      && frame->total_size % IMM_REACH < IMM_REACH / 2
+      && frame->total_size % IMM_REACH >= min_first_step)
+    return frame->total_size % IMM_REACH;
+
+  gcc_assert (min_first_step <= max_first_step);
+  return max_first_step;
+}
+
+static rtx
+riscv_adjust_libcall_cfi_prologue ()
+{
+  rtx dwarf = NULL_RTX;
+  rtx adjust_sp_rtx, reg, mem, insn;
+  int saved_size = cfun->machine->frame.save_libcall_adjustment;
+  int offset;
+
+  for (int regno = GP_REG_FIRST; regno <= GP_REG_LAST-1; regno++)
+    if (BITSET_P (cfun->machine->frame.mask, regno - GP_REG_FIRST))
+      {
+	/* The save order is ra, s0, s1, s2 to s11.  */
+	if (regno == RETURN_ADDR_REGNUM)
+	  offset = saved_size - UNITS_PER_WORD;
+	else if (regno == S0_REGNUM)
+	  offset = saved_size - UNITS_PER_WORD * 2;
+	else if (regno == S1_REGNUM)
+	  offset = saved_size - UNITS_PER_WORD * 3;
+	else
+	  offset = saved_size - ((regno - S2_REGNUM + 4) * UNITS_PER_WORD);
+
+	reg = gen_rtx_REG (SImode, regno);
+	mem = gen_frame_mem (SImode, plus_constant (Pmode,
+						    stack_pointer_rtx,
+						    offset));
+
+	insn = gen_rtx_SET (mem, reg);
+	dwarf = alloc_reg_note (REG_CFA_OFFSET, insn, dwarf);
+      }
+
+  /* Debug info for adjust sp.  */
+  adjust_sp_rtx = gen_add3_insn (stack_pointer_rtx,
+				 stack_pointer_rtx, GEN_INT (-saved_size));
+  dwarf = alloc_reg_note (REG_CFA_ADJUST_CFA, adjust_sp_rtx,
+			  dwarf);
+  return dwarf;
+}
+
+static void
+riscv_emit_stack_tie (void)
+{
+  if (Pmode == SImode)
+    emit_insn (gen_stack_tiesi (stack_pointer_rtx, hard_frame_pointer_rtx));
+  else
+    emit_insn (gen_stack_tiedi (stack_pointer_rtx, hard_frame_pointer_rtx));
+}
+
+/* Expand the "prologue" pattern.  */
+
+void
+riscv_expand_prologue (void)
+{
+  struct riscv_frame_info *frame = &cfun->machine->frame;
+  HOST_WIDE_INT size = frame->total_size;
+  unsigned mask = frame->mask;
+  rtx insn;
+
+  if (flag_stack_usage_info)
+    current_function_static_stack_size = size;
+
+  /* When optimizing for size, call a subroutine to save the registers.  */
+  if (riscv_use_save_libcall (frame))
+    {
+      rtx dwarf = NULL_RTX;
+      dwarf = riscv_adjust_libcall_cfi_prologue ();
+
+      frame->mask = 0; /* Temporarily fib that we need not save GPRs.  */
+      size -= frame->save_libcall_adjustment;
+      insn = emit_insn (gen_gpr_save (GEN_INT (mask)));
+
+      RTX_FRAME_RELATED_P (insn) = 1;
+      REG_NOTES (insn) = dwarf;
+    }
+
+  /* Save the registers.  */
+  if ((frame->mask | frame->fmask) != 0)
+    {
+      HOST_WIDE_INT step1 = MIN (size, riscv_first_stack_step (frame));
+
+      insn = gen_add3_insn (stack_pointer_rtx,
+			    stack_pointer_rtx,
+			    GEN_INT (-step1));
+      RTX_FRAME_RELATED_P (emit_insn (insn)) = 1;
+      size -= step1;
+      riscv_for_each_saved_reg (size, riscv_save_reg);
+    }
+
+  frame->mask = mask; /* Undo the above fib.  */
+
+  /* Set up the frame pointer, if we're using one.  */
+  if (frame_pointer_needed)
+    {
+      insn = gen_add3_insn (hard_frame_pointer_rtx, stack_pointer_rtx,
+			    GEN_INT (frame->hard_frame_pointer_offset - size));
+      RTX_FRAME_RELATED_P (emit_insn (insn)) = 1;
+
+      riscv_emit_stack_tie ();
+    }
+
+  /* Allocate the rest of the frame.  */
+  if (size > 0)
+    {
+      if (SMALL_OPERAND (-size))
+	{
+	  insn = gen_add3_insn (stack_pointer_rtx, stack_pointer_rtx,
+				GEN_INT (-size));
+	  RTX_FRAME_RELATED_P (emit_insn (insn)) = 1;
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  riscv_emit_move (RISCV_PROLOGUE_TEMP (Pmode), GEN_INT (-size));
+	  emit_insn (gen_add3_insn (stack_pointer_rtx,
+				    stack_pointer_rtx,
+				    RISCV_PROLOGUE_TEMP (Pmode)));
+
+	  /* Describe the effect of the previous instructions.  */
+	  insn = plus_constant (Pmode, stack_pointer_rtx, -size);
+	  insn = gen_rtx_SET (stack_pointer_rtx, insn);
+	  riscv_set_frame_expr (insn);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+static rtx
+riscv_adjust_libcall_cfi_epilogue ()
+{
+  rtx dwarf = NULL_RTX;
+  rtx adjust_sp_rtx, reg;
+  int saved_size = cfun->machine->frame.save_libcall_adjustment;
+
+  /* Debug info for adjust sp.  */
+  adjust_sp_rtx = gen_add3_insn (stack_pointer_rtx,
+				 stack_pointer_rtx, GEN_INT (saved_size));
+  dwarf = alloc_reg_note (REG_CFA_ADJUST_CFA, adjust_sp_rtx,
+			  dwarf);
+
+  for (int regno = GP_REG_FIRST; regno <= GP_REG_LAST-1; regno++)
+    if (BITSET_P (cfun->machine->frame.mask, regno - GP_REG_FIRST))
+      {
+	reg = gen_rtx_REG (SImode, regno);
+	dwarf = alloc_reg_note (REG_CFA_RESTORE, reg, dwarf);
+      }
+
+  return dwarf;
+}
+
+/* Expand an "epilogue" or "sibcall_epilogue" pattern; SIBCALL_P
+   says which.  */
+
+void
+riscv_expand_epilogue (bool sibcall_p)
+{
+  /* Split the frame into two.  STEP1 is the amount of stack we should
+     deallocate before restoring the registers.  STEP2 is the amount we
+     should deallocate afterwards.
+
+     Start off by assuming that no registers need to be restored.  */
+  struct riscv_frame_info *frame = &cfun->machine->frame;
+  unsigned mask = frame->mask;
+  HOST_WIDE_INT step1 = frame->total_size;
+  HOST_WIDE_INT step2 = 0;
+  bool use_restore_libcall = !sibcall_p && riscv_use_save_libcall (frame);
+  rtx ra = gen_rtx_REG (Pmode, RETURN_ADDR_REGNUM);
+  rtx insn;
+
+  /* We need to add memory barrier to prevent read from deallocated stack.  */
+  bool need_barrier_p = (get_frame_size ()
+			 + cfun->machine->frame.arg_pointer_offset) != 0;
+
+  if (!sibcall_p && riscv_can_use_return_insn ())
+    {
+      emit_jump_insn (gen_return ());
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Move past any dynamic stack allocations.  */
+  if (cfun->calls_alloca)
+    {
+      /* Emit a barrier to prevent loads from a deallocated stack.  */
+      riscv_emit_stack_tie ();
+      need_barrier_p = false;
+
+      rtx adjust = GEN_INT (-frame->hard_frame_pointer_offset);
+      if (!SMALL_OPERAND (INTVAL (adjust)))
+	{
+	  riscv_emit_move (RISCV_PROLOGUE_TEMP (Pmode), adjust);
+	  adjust = RISCV_PROLOGUE_TEMP (Pmode);
+	}
+
+      insn = emit_insn (
+	       gen_add3_insn (stack_pointer_rtx, hard_frame_pointer_rtx,
+			      adjust));
+
+      rtx dwarf = NULL_RTX;
+      rtx cfa_adjust_value = gen_rtx_PLUS (
+			       Pmode, hard_frame_pointer_rtx,
+			       GEN_INT (-frame->hard_frame_pointer_offset));
+      rtx cfa_adjust_rtx = gen_rtx_SET (stack_pointer_rtx, cfa_adjust_value);
+      dwarf = alloc_reg_note (REG_CFA_ADJUST_CFA, cfa_adjust_rtx, dwarf);
+      RTX_FRAME_RELATED_P (insn) = 1;
+
+      REG_NOTES (insn) = dwarf;
+    }
+
+  /* If we need to restore registers, deallocate as much stack as
+     possible in the second step without going out of range.  */
+  if ((frame->mask | frame->fmask) != 0)
+    {
+      step2 = riscv_first_stack_step (frame);
+      step1 -= step2;
+    }
+
+  /* Set TARGET to BASE + STEP1.  */
+  if (step1 > 0)
+    {
+      /* Emit a barrier to prevent loads from a deallocated stack.  */
+      riscv_emit_stack_tie ();
+      need_barrier_p = false;
+
+      /* Get an rtx for STEP1 that we can add to BASE.  */
+      rtx adjust = GEN_INT (step1);
+      if (!SMALL_OPERAND (step1))
+	{
+	  riscv_emit_move (RISCV_PROLOGUE_TEMP (Pmode), adjust);
+	  adjust = RISCV_PROLOGUE_TEMP (Pmode);
+	}
+
+      insn = emit_insn (
+	       gen_add3_insn (stack_pointer_rtx, stack_pointer_rtx, adjust));
+
+      rtx dwarf = NULL_RTX;
+      rtx cfa_adjust_rtx = gen_rtx_PLUS (Pmode, stack_pointer_rtx,
+					 GEN_INT (step2));
+
+      dwarf = alloc_reg_note (REG_CFA_DEF_CFA, cfa_adjust_rtx, dwarf);
+      RTX_FRAME_RELATED_P (insn) = 1;
+
+      REG_NOTES (insn) = dwarf;
+    }
+
+  if (use_restore_libcall)
+    frame->mask = 0; /* Temporarily fib that we need not save GPRs.  */
+
+  /* Restore the registers.  */
+  riscv_for_each_saved_reg (frame->total_size - step2, riscv_restore_reg);
+
+  if (use_restore_libcall)
+    {
+      frame->mask = mask; /* Undo the above fib.  */
+      gcc_assert (step2 >= frame->save_libcall_adjustment);
+      step2 -= frame->save_libcall_adjustment;
+    }
+
+  if (need_barrier_p)
+    riscv_emit_stack_tie ();
+
+  /* Deallocate the final bit of the frame.  */
+  if (step2 > 0)
+    {
+      insn = emit_insn (gen_add3_insn (stack_pointer_rtx, stack_pointer_rtx,
+				       GEN_INT (step2)));
+
+      rtx dwarf = NULL_RTX;
+      rtx cfa_adjust_rtx = gen_rtx_PLUS (Pmode, stack_pointer_rtx,
+					 const0_rtx);
+      dwarf = alloc_reg_note (REG_CFA_DEF_CFA, cfa_adjust_rtx, dwarf);
+      RTX_FRAME_RELATED_P (insn) = 1;
+
+      REG_NOTES (insn) = dwarf;
+    }
+
+  if (use_restore_libcall)
+    {
+      rtx dwarf = riscv_adjust_libcall_cfi_epilogue ();
+      insn = emit_insn (gen_gpr_restore (GEN_INT (riscv_save_libcall_count (mask))));
+      RTX_FRAME_RELATED_P (insn) = 1;
+      REG_NOTES (insn) = dwarf;
+
+      emit_jump_insn (gen_gpr_restore_return (ra));
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Add in the __builtin_eh_return stack adjustment. */
+  if (crtl->calls_eh_return)
+    emit_insn (gen_add3_insn (stack_pointer_rtx, stack_pointer_rtx,
+			      EH_RETURN_STACKADJ_RTX));
+
+  if (!sibcall_p)
+    emit_jump_insn (gen_simple_return_internal (ra));
+}
+
+/* Return nonzero if this function is known to have a null epilogue.
+   This allows the optimizer to omit jumps to jumps if no stack
+   was created.  */
+
+bool
+riscv_can_use_return_insn (void)
+{
+  return reload_completed && cfun->machine->frame.total_size == 0;
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_REGISTER_MOVE_COST.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_register_move_cost (enum machine_mode mode,
+			  reg_class_t from, reg_class_t to)
+{
+  return SECONDARY_MEMORY_NEEDED (from, to, mode) ? 8 : 2;
+}
+
+/* Return true if register REGNO can store a value of mode MODE.  */
+
+bool
+riscv_hard_regno_mode_ok_p (unsigned int regno, enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  unsigned int nregs = riscv_hard_regno_nregs (regno, mode);
+
+  if (GP_REG_P (regno))
+    {
+      if (!GP_REG_P (regno + nregs - 1))
+	return false;
+    }
+  else if (FP_REG_P (regno))
+    {
+      if (!FP_REG_P (regno + nregs - 1))
+	return false;
+
+      if (GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) != MODE_FLOAT
+	  && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) != MODE_COMPLEX_FLOAT)
+	return false;
+
+      /* Only use callee-saved registers if a potential callee is guaranteed
+	 to spill the requisite width.  */
+      if (GET_MODE_UNIT_SIZE (mode) > UNITS_PER_FP_REG
+	  || (!call_used_regs[regno]
+	      && GET_MODE_UNIT_SIZE (mode) > UNITS_PER_FP_ARG))
+	return false;
+    }
+  else
+    return false;
+
+  /* Require same callee-savedness for all registers.  */
+  for (unsigned i = 1; i < nregs; i++)
+    if (call_used_regs[regno] != call_used_regs[regno + i])
+      return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Implement HARD_REGNO_NREGS.  */
+
+unsigned int
+riscv_hard_regno_nregs (int regno, enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  if (FP_REG_P (regno))
+    return (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) + UNITS_PER_FP_REG - 1) / UNITS_PER_FP_REG;
+
+  /* All other registers are word-sized.  */
+  return (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) + UNITS_PER_WORD - 1) / UNITS_PER_WORD;
+}
+
+/* Implement CLASS_MAX_NREGS.  */
+
+static unsigned char
+riscv_class_max_nregs (reg_class_t rclass, enum machine_mode mode)
+{
+  if (reg_class_subset_p (FP_REGS, rclass))
+    return riscv_hard_regno_nregs (FP_REG_FIRST, mode);
+
+  if (reg_class_subset_p (GR_REGS, rclass))
+    return riscv_hard_regno_nregs (GP_REG_FIRST, mode);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_PREFERRED_RELOAD_CLASS.  */
+
+static reg_class_t
+riscv_preferred_reload_class (rtx x ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, reg_class_t rclass)
+{
+  return reg_class_subset_p (FP_REGS, rclass) ? FP_REGS :
+	 reg_class_subset_p (GR_REGS, rclass) ? GR_REGS :
+	 rclass;
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_MEMORY_MOVE_COST.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_memory_move_cost (enum machine_mode mode, reg_class_t rclass, bool in)
+{
+  return (tune_info->memory_cost
+	  + memory_move_secondary_cost (mode, rclass, in));
+}
+
+/* Return the number of instructions that can be issued per cycle.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_issue_rate (void)
+{
+  return tune_info->issue_rate;
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_ASM_FILE_START.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_file_start (void)
+{
+  default_file_start ();
+
+  /* Instruct GAS to generate position-[in]dependent code.  */
+  fprintf (asm_out_file, "\t.option %spic\n", (flag_pic ? "" : "no"));
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_ASM_OUTPUT_MI_THUNK.  Generate rtl rather than asm text
+   in order to avoid duplicating too much logic from elsewhere.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_output_mi_thunk (FILE *file, tree thunk_fndecl ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		      HOST_WIDE_INT delta, HOST_WIDE_INT vcall_offset,
+		      tree function)
+{
+  rtx this_rtx, temp1, temp2, fnaddr;
+  rtx_insn *insn;
+
+  /* Pretend to be a post-reload pass while generating rtl.  */
+  reload_completed = 1;
+
+  /* Mark the end of the (empty) prologue.  */
+  emit_note (NOTE_INSN_PROLOGUE_END);
+
+  /* Determine if we can use a sibcall to call FUNCTION directly.  */
+  fnaddr = gen_rtx_MEM (FUNCTION_MODE, XEXP (DECL_RTL (function), 0));
+
+  /* We need two temporary registers in some cases.  */
+  temp1 = gen_rtx_REG (Pmode, RISCV_PROLOGUE_TEMP_REGNUM);
+  temp2 = gen_rtx_REG (Pmode, STATIC_CHAIN_REGNUM);
+
+  /* Find out which register contains the "this" pointer.  */
+  if (aggregate_value_p (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (function)), function))
+    this_rtx = gen_rtx_REG (Pmode, GP_ARG_FIRST + 1);
+  else
+    this_rtx = gen_rtx_REG (Pmode, GP_ARG_FIRST);
+
+  /* Add DELTA to THIS_RTX.  */
+  if (delta != 0)
+    {
+      rtx offset = GEN_INT (delta);
+      if (!SMALL_OPERAND (delta))
+	{
+	  riscv_emit_move (temp1, offset);
+	  offset = temp1;
+	}
+      emit_insn (gen_add3_insn (this_rtx, this_rtx, offset));
+    }
+
+  /* If needed, add *(*THIS_RTX + VCALL_OFFSET) to THIS_RTX.  */
+  if (vcall_offset != 0)
+    {
+      rtx addr;
+
+      /* Set TEMP1 to *THIS_RTX.  */
+      riscv_emit_move (temp1, gen_rtx_MEM (Pmode, this_rtx));
+
+      /* Set ADDR to a legitimate address for *THIS_RTX + VCALL_OFFSET.  */
+      addr = riscv_add_offset (temp2, temp1, vcall_offset);
+
+      /* Load the offset and add it to THIS_RTX.  */
+      riscv_emit_move (temp1, gen_rtx_MEM (Pmode, addr));
+      emit_insn (gen_add3_insn (this_rtx, this_rtx, temp1));
+    }
+
+  /* Jump to the target function.  */
+  insn = emit_call_insn (gen_sibcall (fnaddr, const0_rtx, NULL, const0_rtx));
+  SIBLING_CALL_P (insn) = 1;
+
+  /* Run just enough of rest_of_compilation.  This sequence was
+     "borrowed" from alpha.c.  */
+  insn = get_insns ();
+  split_all_insns_noflow ();
+  shorten_branches (insn);
+  final_start_function (insn, file, 1);
+  final (insn, file, 1);
+  final_end_function ();
+
+  /* Clean up the vars set above.  Note that final_end_function resets
+     the global pointer for us.  */
+  reload_completed = 0;
+}
+
+/* Allocate a chunk of memory for per-function machine-dependent data.  */
+
+static struct machine_function *
+riscv_init_machine_status (void)
+{
+  return ggc_cleared_alloc<machine_function> ();
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_OPTION_OVERRIDE.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_option_override (void)
+{
+  const struct riscv_cpu_info *cpu;
+
+#ifdef SUBTARGET_OVERRIDE_OPTIONS
+  SUBTARGET_OVERRIDE_OPTIONS;
+#endif
+
+  flag_pcc_struct_return = 0;
+
+  if (flag_pic)
+    g_switch_value = 0;
+
+  /* The presence of the M extension implies that division instructions
+     are present, so include them unless explicitly disabled.  */
+  if (TARGET_MUL && (target_flags_explicit & MASK_DIV) == 0)
+    target_flags |= MASK_DIV;
+  else if (!TARGET_MUL && TARGET_DIV)
+    error ("-mdiv requires -march to subsume the %<M%> extension");
+
+  /* Likewise floating-point division and square root.  */
+  if (TARGET_HARD_FLOAT && (target_flags_explicit & MASK_FDIV) == 0)
+    target_flags |= MASK_FDIV;
+
+  /* Handle -mtune.  */
+  cpu = riscv_parse_cpu (riscv_tune_string ? riscv_tune_string :
+			 RISCV_TUNE_STRING_DEFAULT);
+  tune_info = optimize_size ? &optimize_size_tune_info : cpu->tune_info;
+
+  /* If the user hasn't specified a branch cost, use the processor's
+     default.  */
+  if (riscv_branch_cost == 0)
+    riscv_branch_cost = tune_info->branch_cost;
+
+  /* Function to allocate machine-dependent function status.  */
+  init_machine_status = &riscv_init_machine_status;
+
+  if (flag_pic)
+    riscv_cmodel = CM_PIC;
+
+  /* We get better code with explicit relocs for CM_MEDLOW, but
+     worse code for the others (for now).  Pick the best default.  */
+  if ((target_flags_explicit & MASK_EXPLICIT_RELOCS) == 0)
+    if (riscv_cmodel == CM_MEDLOW)
+      target_flags |= MASK_EXPLICIT_RELOCS;
+
+  /* Require that the ISA supports the requested floating-point ABI.  */
+  if (UNITS_PER_FP_ARG > (TARGET_HARD_FLOAT ? UNITS_PER_FP_REG : 0))
+    error ("requested ABI requires -march to subsume the %qc extension",
+	   UNITS_PER_FP_ARG > 8 ? 'Q' : (UNITS_PER_FP_ARG > 4 ? 'D' : 'F'));
+
+  /* We do not yet support ILP32 on RV64.  */
+  if (BITS_PER_WORD != POINTER_SIZE)
+    error ("ABI requires -march=rv%d", POINTER_SIZE);
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_CONDITIONAL_REGISTER_USAGE.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_conditional_register_usage (void)
+{
+  if (!TARGET_HARD_FLOAT)
+    {
+      for (int regno = FP_REG_FIRST; regno <= FP_REG_LAST; regno++)
+	fixed_regs[regno] = call_used_regs[regno] = 1;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return a register priority for hard reg REGNO.  */
+
+static int
+riscv_register_priority (int regno)
+{
+  /* Favor x8-x15/f8-f15 to improve the odds of RVC instruction selection.  */
+  if (TARGET_RVC && (IN_RANGE (regno, GP_REG_FIRST + 8, GP_REG_FIRST + 15)
+		     || IN_RANGE (regno, FP_REG_FIRST + 8, FP_REG_FIRST + 15)))
+    return 1;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_TRAMPOLINE_INIT.  */
+
+static void
+riscv_trampoline_init (rtx m_tramp, tree fndecl, rtx chain_value)
+{
+  rtx addr, end_addr, mem;
+  uint32_t trampoline[4];
+  unsigned int i;
+  HOST_WIDE_INT static_chain_offset, target_function_offset;
+
+  /* Work out the offsets of the pointers from the start of the
+     trampoline code.  */
+  gcc_assert (ARRAY_SIZE (trampoline) * 4 == TRAMPOLINE_CODE_SIZE);
+
+  /* Get pointers to the beginning and end of the code block.  */
+  addr = force_reg (Pmode, XEXP (m_tramp, 0));
+  end_addr = riscv_force_binary (Pmode, PLUS, addr,
+				 GEN_INT (TRAMPOLINE_CODE_SIZE));
+
+
+  if (Pmode == SImode)
+    {
+      chain_value = force_reg (Pmode, chain_value);
+
+      rtx target_function = force_reg (Pmode, XEXP (DECL_RTL (fndecl), 0));
+      /* lui     t2, hi(chain)
+	 lui     t1, hi(func)
+	 addi    t2, t2, lo(chain)
+	 jr      r1, lo(func)
+      */
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT lui_hi_chain_code, lui_hi_func_code;
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT lo_chain_code, lo_func_code;
+
+      rtx uimm_mask = force_reg (SImode, gen_int_mode (-IMM_REACH, SImode));
+
+      /* 0xfff.  */
+      rtx imm12_mask = gen_reg_rtx (SImode);
+      emit_insn (gen_one_cmplsi2 (imm12_mask, uimm_mask));
+
+      rtx fixup_value = force_reg (SImode, gen_int_mode (IMM_REACH/2, SImode));
+
+      /* Gen lui t2, hi(chain).  */
+      rtx hi_chain = riscv_force_binary (SImode, PLUS, chain_value,
+					 fixup_value);
+      hi_chain = riscv_force_binary (SImode, AND, hi_chain,
+				     uimm_mask);
+      lui_hi_chain_code = OPCODE_LUI | (STATIC_CHAIN_REGNUM << SHIFT_RD);
+      rtx lui_hi_chain = riscv_force_binary (SImode, IOR, hi_chain,
+					     gen_int_mode (lui_hi_chain_code, SImode));
+
+      mem = adjust_address (m_tramp, SImode, 0);
+      riscv_emit_move (mem, lui_hi_chain);
+
+      /* Gen lui t1, hi(func).  */
+      rtx hi_func = riscv_force_binary (SImode, PLUS, target_function,
+					fixup_value);
+      hi_func = riscv_force_binary (SImode, AND, hi_func,
+				    uimm_mask);
+      lui_hi_func_code = OPCODE_LUI | (RISCV_PROLOGUE_TEMP_REGNUM << SHIFT_RD);
+      rtx lui_hi_func = riscv_force_binary (SImode, IOR, hi_func,
+					    gen_int_mode (lui_hi_func_code, SImode));
+
+      mem = adjust_address (m_tramp, SImode, 1 * GET_MODE_SIZE (SImode));
+      riscv_emit_move (mem, lui_hi_func);
+
+      /* Gen addi t2, t2, lo(chain).  */
+      rtx lo_chain = riscv_force_binary (SImode, AND, chain_value,
+					 imm12_mask);
+      lo_chain = riscv_force_binary (SImode, ASHIFT, lo_chain, GEN_INT (20));
+
+      lo_chain_code = OPCODE_ADDI
+		      | (STATIC_CHAIN_REGNUM << SHIFT_RD)
+		      | (STATIC_CHAIN_REGNUM << SHIFT_RS1);
+
+      rtx addi_lo_chain = riscv_force_binary (SImode, IOR, lo_chain,
+					      force_reg (SImode, GEN_INT (lo_chain_code)));
+
+      mem = adjust_address (m_tramp, SImode, 2 * GET_MODE_SIZE (SImode));
+      riscv_emit_move (mem, addi_lo_chain);
+
+      /* Gen jr r1, lo(func).  */
+      rtx lo_func = riscv_force_binary (SImode, AND, target_function,
+					imm12_mask);
+      lo_func = riscv_force_binary (SImode, ASHIFT, lo_func, GEN_INT (20));
+
+      lo_func_code = OPCODE_JALR | (RISCV_PROLOGUE_TEMP_REGNUM << SHIFT_RS1);
+
+      rtx jr_lo_func = riscv_force_binary (SImode, IOR, lo_func,
+					   force_reg (SImode, GEN_INT (lo_func_code)));
+
+      mem = adjust_address (m_tramp, SImode, 3 * GET_MODE_SIZE (SImode));
+      riscv_emit_move (mem, jr_lo_func);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      static_chain_offset = TRAMPOLINE_CODE_SIZE;
+      target_function_offset = static_chain_offset + GET_MODE_SIZE (ptr_mode);
+
+      /* auipc   t2, 0
+	 l[wd]   t1, target_function_offset(t2)
+	 l[wd]   t2, static_chain_offset(t2)
+	 jr      t1
+      */
+      trampoline[0] = OPCODE_AUIPC | (STATIC_CHAIN_REGNUM << SHIFT_RD);
+      trampoline[1] = (Pmode == DImode ? OPCODE_LD : OPCODE_LW)
+		      | (RISCV_PROLOGUE_TEMP_REGNUM << SHIFT_RD)
+		      | (STATIC_CHAIN_REGNUM << SHIFT_RS1)
+		      | (target_function_offset << SHIFT_IMM);
+      trampoline[2] = (Pmode == DImode ? OPCODE_LD : OPCODE_LW)
+		      | (STATIC_CHAIN_REGNUM << SHIFT_RD)
+		      | (STATIC_CHAIN_REGNUM << SHIFT_RS1)
+		      | (static_chain_offset << SHIFT_IMM);
+      trampoline[3] = OPCODE_JALR | (RISCV_PROLOGUE_TEMP_REGNUM << SHIFT_RS1);
+
+      /* Copy the trampoline code.  */
+      for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (trampoline); i++)
+	{
+	  mem = adjust_address (m_tramp, SImode, i * GET_MODE_SIZE (SImode));
+	  riscv_emit_move (mem, gen_int_mode (trampoline[i], SImode));
+	}
+
+      /* Set up the static chain pointer field.  */
+      mem = adjust_address (m_tramp, ptr_mode, static_chain_offset);
+      riscv_emit_move (mem, chain_value);
+
+      /* Set up the target function field.  */
+      mem = adjust_address (m_tramp, ptr_mode, target_function_offset);
+      riscv_emit_move (mem, XEXP (DECL_RTL (fndecl), 0));
+    }
+
+  /* Flush the code part of the trampoline.  */
+  emit_insn (gen_add3_insn (end_addr, addr, GEN_INT (TRAMPOLINE_SIZE)));
+  emit_insn (gen_clear_cache (addr, end_addr));
+}
+
+/* Return leaf_function_p () and memoize the result.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_leaf_function_p (void)
+{
+  if (cfun->machine->is_leaf == 0)
+    cfun->machine->is_leaf = leaf_function_p () ? 1 : -1;
+
+  return cfun->machine->is_leaf > 0;
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_FUNCTION_OK_FOR_SIBCALL.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_function_ok_for_sibcall (tree decl ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			       tree exp ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* When optimzing for size, don't use sibcalls in non-leaf routines */
+  if (TARGET_SAVE_RESTORE)
+    return riscv_leaf_function_p ();
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Implement TARGET_CANNOT_COPY_INSN_P.  */
+
+static bool
+riscv_cannot_copy_insn_p (rtx_insn *insn)
+{
+  return recog_memoized (insn) >= 0 && get_attr_cannot_copy (insn);
+}
+
+/* Initialize the GCC target structure.  */
+#undef TARGET_ASM_ALIGNED_HI_OP
+#define TARGET_ASM_ALIGNED_HI_OP "\t.half\t"
+#undef TARGET_ASM_ALIGNED_SI_OP
+#define TARGET_ASM_ALIGNED_SI_OP "\t.word\t"
+#undef TARGET_ASM_ALIGNED_DI_OP
+#define TARGET_ASM_ALIGNED_DI_OP "\t.dword\t"
+
+#undef TARGET_OPTION_OVERRIDE
+#define TARGET_OPTION_OVERRIDE riscv_option_override
+
+#undef TARGET_LEGITIMIZE_ADDRESS
+#define TARGET_LEGITIMIZE_ADDRESS riscv_legitimize_address
+
+#undef TARGET_SCHED_ISSUE_RATE
+#define TARGET_SCHED_ISSUE_RATE riscv_issue_rate
+
+#undef TARGET_FUNCTION_OK_FOR_SIBCALL
+#define TARGET_FUNCTION_OK_FOR_SIBCALL riscv_function_ok_for_sibcall
+
+#undef TARGET_REGISTER_MOVE_COST
+#define TARGET_REGISTER_MOVE_COST riscv_register_move_cost
+#undef TARGET_MEMORY_MOVE_COST
+#define TARGET_MEMORY_MOVE_COST riscv_memory_move_cost
+#undef TARGET_RTX_COSTS
+#define TARGET_RTX_COSTS riscv_rtx_costs
+#undef TARGET_ADDRESS_COST
+#define TARGET_ADDRESS_COST riscv_address_cost
+
+#undef  TARGET_PREFERRED_RELOAD_CLASS
+#define TARGET_PREFERRED_RELOAD_CLASS riscv_preferred_reload_class
+
+#undef TARGET_ASM_FILE_START
+#define TARGET_ASM_FILE_START riscv_file_start
+#undef TARGET_ASM_FILE_START_FILE_DIRECTIVE
+#define TARGET_ASM_FILE_START_FILE_DIRECTIVE true
+
+#undef TARGET_EXPAND_BUILTIN_VA_START
+#define TARGET_EXPAND_BUILTIN_VA_START riscv_va_start
+
+#undef  TARGET_PROMOTE_FUNCTION_MODE
+#define TARGET_PROMOTE_FUNCTION_MODE default_promote_function_mode_always_promote
+
+#undef TARGET_RETURN_IN_MEMORY
+#define TARGET_RETURN_IN_MEMORY riscv_return_in_memory
+
+#undef TARGET_ASM_OUTPUT_MI_THUNK
+#define TARGET_ASM_OUTPUT_MI_THUNK riscv_output_mi_thunk
+#undef TARGET_ASM_CAN_OUTPUT_MI_THUNK
+#define TARGET_ASM_CAN_OUTPUT_MI_THUNK hook_bool_const_tree_hwi_hwi_const_tree_true
+
+#undef TARGET_PRINT_OPERAND
+#define TARGET_PRINT_OPERAND riscv_print_operand
+#undef TARGET_PRINT_OPERAND_ADDRESS
+#define TARGET_PRINT_OPERAND_ADDRESS riscv_print_operand_address
+
+#undef TARGET_SETUP_INCOMING_VARARGS
+#define TARGET_SETUP_INCOMING_VARARGS riscv_setup_incoming_varargs
+#undef TARGET_STRICT_ARGUMENT_NAMING
+#define TARGET_STRICT_ARGUMENT_NAMING hook_bool_CUMULATIVE_ARGS_true
+#undef TARGET_MUST_PASS_IN_STACK
+#define TARGET_MUST_PASS_IN_STACK must_pass_in_stack_var_size
+#undef TARGET_PASS_BY_REFERENCE
+#define TARGET_PASS_BY_REFERENCE riscv_pass_by_reference
+#undef TARGET_ARG_PARTIAL_BYTES
+#define TARGET_ARG_PARTIAL_BYTES riscv_arg_partial_bytes
+#undef TARGET_FUNCTION_ARG
+#define TARGET_FUNCTION_ARG riscv_function_arg
+#undef TARGET_FUNCTION_ARG_ADVANCE
+#define TARGET_FUNCTION_ARG_ADVANCE riscv_function_arg_advance
+#undef TARGET_FUNCTION_ARG_BOUNDARY
+#define TARGET_FUNCTION_ARG_BOUNDARY riscv_function_arg_boundary
+
+/* The generic ELF target does not always have TLS support.  */
+#ifdef HAVE_AS_TLS
+#undef TARGET_HAVE_TLS
+#define TARGET_HAVE_TLS true
+#endif
+
+#undef TARGET_CANNOT_FORCE_CONST_MEM
+#define TARGET_CANNOT_FORCE_CONST_MEM riscv_cannot_force_const_mem
+
+#undef TARGET_LEGITIMATE_CONSTANT_P
+#define TARGET_LEGITIMATE_CONSTANT_P riscv_legitimate_constant_p
+
+#undef TARGET_USE_BLOCKS_FOR_CONSTANT_P
+#define TARGET_USE_BLOCKS_FOR_CONSTANT_P hook_bool_mode_const_rtx_true
+
+#undef TARGET_LEGITIMATE_ADDRESS_P
+#define TARGET_LEGITIMATE_ADDRESS_P	riscv_legitimate_address_p
+
+#undef TARGET_CAN_ELIMINATE
+#define TARGET_CAN_ELIMINATE riscv_can_eliminate
+
+#undef TARGET_CONDITIONAL_REGISTER_USAGE
+#define TARGET_CONDITIONAL_REGISTER_USAGE riscv_conditional_register_usage
+
+#undef TARGET_CLASS_MAX_NREGS
+#define TARGET_CLASS_MAX_NREGS riscv_class_max_nregs
+
+#undef TARGET_TRAMPOLINE_INIT
+#define TARGET_TRAMPOLINE_INIT riscv_trampoline_init
+
+#undef TARGET_IN_SMALL_DATA_P
+#define TARGET_IN_SMALL_DATA_P riscv_in_small_data_p
+
+#undef TARGET_ASM_SELECT_RTX_SECTION
+#define TARGET_ASM_SELECT_RTX_SECTION  riscv_elf_select_rtx_section
+
+#undef TARGET_MIN_ANCHOR_OFFSET
+#define TARGET_MIN_ANCHOR_OFFSET (-IMM_REACH/2)
+
+#undef TARGET_MAX_ANCHOR_OFFSET
+#define TARGET_MAX_ANCHOR_OFFSET (IMM_REACH/2-1)
+
+#undef TARGET_REGISTER_PRIORITY
+#define TARGET_REGISTER_PRIORITY riscv_register_priority
+
+#undef TARGET_CANNOT_COPY_INSN_P
+#define TARGET_CANNOT_COPY_INSN_P riscv_cannot_copy_insn_p
+
+#undef TARGET_ATOMIC_ASSIGN_EXPAND_FENV
+#define TARGET_ATOMIC_ASSIGN_EXPAND_FENV riscv_atomic_assign_expand_fenv
+
+#undef TARGET_INIT_BUILTINS
+#define TARGET_INIT_BUILTINS riscv_init_builtins
+
+#undef TARGET_BUILTIN_DECL
+#define TARGET_BUILTIN_DECL riscv_builtin_decl
+
+#undef TARGET_EXPAND_BUILTIN
+#define TARGET_EXPAND_BUILTIN riscv_expand_builtin
+
+struct gcc_target targetm = TARGET_INITIALIZER;
+
+#include "gt-riscv.h"
